114 research outputs found

    A Model Suggestion and an Application for Nurse Scheduling Problem

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    In the health sector, the hospital management’s main and important problem that they come across is the 24 hour shift planning for the service personnel. With a good shift plan, the personnel’s work load is optimized and their work productivity will be provided and when the monthly shift schedule is prepared, the uncertainty and confusion will be overcome.  In this study, the blood bank centre nurses scheduling problem is taken into hands in a university hospital where the service is given 7 days, 24 hours, and the daily working hours are between 08.00-16.00 and 16.00-08.00, and the personnel work 40 hours a week. An optimized complex goal programming model is suggested by taking into consideration the centres working hours and the personnel’s leave situation. The main purpose of this suggested model is to determine how to minimize the deviations of the nurses’ day and night shifts. It has been seen with the application of the model the optimum shift schedule, compared to the previous hospital managements schedule was obtained, workload is more effectively planned, objective planning of the shifts schedule and a balanced work load have achieved

    Renewable energy sources as the solar system: appli̇cabi̇li̇ty of Deni̇zli̇ research

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    In today's growing environmental and climatic changes, the enitire economy is affected in a fundemental way. This change mostly stems from economic growth and its developmental strategies which support consumption of humane, physical and financial funds, quickly. In addition, it stems from ignoring the ecosystem balance in the use of natural resources. The most important sources of energy constitutes one of the inputs of the manufacturing industry in Turkey, far below the needs can be produced. This situation brings Turkey a rapidly growing energy importing country. Under these circumstances, the way to ensure reliable and sustainable energy supply in Turkey passes through exploiting renewable energy sources. In this study, Denizli manufacturing industry which has an important place in Turkey's economy in terms of renewable energy sources as solar energy has investigated the applicability within the existing legal and financial requirements; to clean industrial enterprises with the findings and recommendations were presented on renewable energy. The results obtained in this study Denizli province although it is thought to serve as examples for all regions

    Ti6Al4V Malzemesinin Frezelenmesinde Takım Titreşiminin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi

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    Talaşı imalatta önemli bir alan olan frezeleme işlemleri çok yönlü bir imalat biçimi olup endüstride oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Frezeleme işleminin istenilen hassasiyetle yapılamaması malzeme üzerinde bazı mekanik sorunlara ve hatta malzeme kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Ekonomik değeri yüksek olan malzemenin atıl duruma gelmesi zaman, para ve iş gücü kaybına neden olmaktadır. Hata tespit ve tahmini, ürün kalitesini yükseltmek, kullanılan malzeme masraflarını azaltmak ve zamandan tasarruf sağlamak için önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, frezeleme işlemi sırasında, kesici takımda oluşan mekanik titreşimlerin yüzey kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan testlerde titanyum (Ti6Al4V) iş parçası kullanılmıştır. Test parametreleri, 4 farklı seviyede kesme hızı (Vc m/dk), 4 farklı seviyede ilerleme oranı (f mm/diş) ve sabit kesme derinliği (ap/mm) alınarak tam faktöriyel yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Testlerden elde edilen ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri için regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, titreşimin ve ilerleme oranının artışı ile ortalama yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum kesici takımda oluşan titreşimin kesilen iş parçası yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Kesme hızı ve ilerleme oranı miktarlarına göre; yüzey pürüzlülük değeri aralığı 0,33-0,66 µm aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin en küçüğü, ilerleme hızının en az olduğu değerlerde görülmüştür. En büyük Ra değeri ilerlemenin en fazla olduğu değerlerde elde edilmiştir. Kesme hızının 50 m/dk, ilerleme hızının 0,10 mm/diş parametreli test yapılırken kesici takımın deforme olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği düşünülmektedir

    Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori antigen positivity in stool samples of patients with dyspeptic complaints in a tertiary care hospital

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    Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism associatedwith gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastriccancer. We aimed to figure out the positivity rate in stoolsamples of outpatients with dyspeptic complaints visitinggastroenterology department and to evaluate its relationwith age, gender and seasonal changes.Methods: Between January 01, 2012 and December 31,2012, stool samples of 330 adult outpatients admitted togastroenterology department are investigated with an immunochromatographictest kit using monoclonal antibodiesfor detection of H. pylori antigen.Results: Among 330 patients’ stool samples tested, 67(20.3%) were positive. 18.6% of men and 22.2% of womenwere detected as positive. According to age groups,17.1% patients were positive for 15-35 age groups,27.1% patients were positive for 36-55 age groups and18.2% patients were positive for above 56. Seasonal differenceof H. pylori antigen positivity in stool samples wasstatistically significant (p=0.001). Highest positivity rate29.7% was detected for winter months (December-January-February). According to logistic regression analysis,winter is found as a risk factor with statistically significant2.295 times greater risk [p=0001, Exp (B) = 2.925, 95.0%C.I. for EXP (B) = 1.668-5.129].Conclusion: H. pylori antigen positivity rate of our study islower than other previously conducted studies in Turkey.But, positivity rates are higher among women comparedto men, concordant with other studies. Even more, detectionof high positivity rates in winter shows primary infectionand/or relapse can be affected by seasonal changes.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, gastroenterology, stool antigen tes

    Tİ6AL4V SÜPER ALAŞIMININ YÜKSEK BASINÇLI SOĞUTMA ŞARTLARINDA FREZELENMESİNDE YÜZEY PÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜNÜN TAGUCHİ YÖNTEMİ İLE OPTİMİZASYONU

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    Bu çalışmada, Ti6Al4V süper alaşımının yüksek basınçlı soğutma şartlarında frezelenmesi esnasında, kesme parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmış ve optimum işleme şartları tespit edilmiştir. Kesme hızı, ilerleme oranı, soğutma sıvısı basınç değeri dört farklı seviyede tanımlanmış ve Taguchi L16 ortogonal dizisi ile deney tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda kesme parametrelerine bağlı olarak elde edilen yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri için varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılarak deney parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Taguchi optimizasyon yöntemi ile sinyal/gürültü (S/G) oranı esas alınıp minimum yüzey pürüzlülüğü için optimum kesme şartları belirlenmiştir. Son olarak optimum deney şartlarında doğrulama deneyi yapılarak optimizasyonun başarıyla uygulandığı tespit edilmiştir

    Dünyada Göçmenlerin Eğitim Alanındaki Sorununa İlişkin Yasal Düzenlemeler

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    Göç, gelişmiş toplumlara olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri olabilen nüfusların yer değiştirme hareketi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu nüfus hareketliliğinin çeşitleri ve etkileri değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu değişiklikler ülkelere göre de çeşitlilik gösterebilmektedir. Bu değişiklikler, beraberindeki sorunların çözümlerini ve göçün topluma olan etkilerini ortaya çıkarması açısından önemlidir. Göç alan ülkelerin genel durumlarına bakıldığı zaman ülkelerin kendilerine ait bir göçmen politikası uygulaması, göçmenleri eğitme politikası ve kendi hukuk düzenlerinde düzenlemeler yapılması zorunluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Göçmenlerin sorun olmaktan çıkarılıp onların topluma uyumunun sağlanması, göçmen eğitimindeki temel yolların başında gelmektedir. Eğitim alan insanların, toplumsal kurallara uymaları ve sosyolojik olarak topluma kendilerini adapte etmeleri daha kolaylaşır. Göç insanların ister kendi ülkeleri içerisinde isterse dış ülkelere yapılsın amaç kendi yaşadıkları bölgenin kötü koşullarından kurtularak daha iyi koşullar elde etmek içindir. Göçmenler çoğu zaman karma sebeplerle göç etmiş, insanların yer değiştirmelerine sebep olan durumlar, yaşanılan yer ve zamana göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Ekonomik rahatlık arayışı, çatışma ya da şiddetten uzaklaşma, politik düzensizlikler, siyasi sığınma isteği, mevcut durumlarına göre şartları daha uygun eğitim imkânları gibi çok farklı etkenden sebebiyle kişisel veya toplu göç hareketleri oluşmuştur ve oluşacaktır. Günümüzde ırkçılık kurumsal alanlarda gözle görülmez ancak derinden hissedilir olduğu bir zamana ırkçılığın artık abartılı ve saldırgan bir şekilde kendini gösterdiği zamandan doğru değişmiştir. Oluşabilecek tepkilerden çekinilmesi sebebiyle kurumsal birçok alanda ırkçılığın devam etmesinin önüne geçilmesiyle birlikte hala bu tutumun zihinlerde yer ettiği görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı hem bireysel hem de toplumsal anlamda sivil toplum örgütlerinin rolü bu alanda daha çok hissedilmektedir Dünyadaki göçmen sorununu çözmek için ülkeler, eğitim alanına ait kendi kanunlarında yeni yasal değişiklikler ve düzenlemeler yapmaktadır. Bu yasal düzenlemeler ülke içerisinde dahi değişiklikler göstermektedir. Günümüz dünyasında göç sorununa yönelik “çok kültürlülük anlayışı“ doğrultusunda uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Çok kültürlülük çalışmaları toplumsal algının değişmesini ve kültürel çeşitliliği sağlamaktadır. Bunun için yapılan eğitim faaliyetleri, ülkelerin ve toplumların da eğitimiyle mümkün olmaktadır. Göçmen sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik daha gelenekçi anlayışlarda ise eğitimi “asimilasyon yoluyla“ yapılan politikalar çözüm yolu gibi görünse de eğitimin hedeflenen olumlu sonuçlarından ziyade olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı görülmektedir

    Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

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    : The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

    Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

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    PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

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    PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

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    Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
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