Estética y teología en el icono medieval

La tradición icónica medieval constituye un lugar de encuentro privilegiado para examinar y determinar, histórica y especulativamente, los fecundos vínculos existentes entre la experiencia estética y la teología cristiana. Presentado como símbolo de la encarnación y ventana a lo absoluto, el icono alcanza en el medievo una estatura superior al arte pues, por un lado, es capaz de hacer visible lo invisible en mayor grado que ninguna otra forma artística y por otro, constituye para el creyente un medio eficaz de salvación, llegando incluso a poseer en el contexto de la Iglesia ortodoxa, un estatuto sacramental.The medieval iconic tradition constitutes a privileged place to trace and determine, historically and speculatively, the fruitful links between aesthetic experience and Christian theology. Presented as a symbol of incarnation and a window into the absolute, the icon reaches in the Middle Ages a status superior to art because, on the one hand, it can make visible the invisible to a greater degree than any other artistic form and on the other it constitutes, for the believer, an effective means of salvation, even possessing in the context of the Orthodox Church a sacramental status

Hegel y la idea de Europa

Tal como lo describía Zubiri, Hegel representa «la madurez de Europa». Una madurez que remite a la capacidad de la filosofía hegeliana de responder al latir de su tiempo y de iluminar los aciertos y contradicciones de la modernidad occidental. La idea de Europa en Hegel forma parte de una precisa visión humanística y social que recupera y sintetiza las raíces de la tradición precedente sin limitar sus posibilidades y aperturas de futuro. La reflexión hegeliana sobre la identidad europea oscila así entre la Aufhebung, en tanto superación de las inevitables contradicciones que genera el desarrollo histórico-espiritual de la humanidad, y la Versöhnung, como reconciliación e integración de todos sus éxitos y fracasos anteriores. Una reflexión que, más allá de su acentuado eurocentrismo, impulsa una visión dinámica de Europa que contiene en su interior la tensión entre lo particular y lo universal y que apela a la construcción de una Europa capaz de reconciliar la diversidad en la unidad gracias a su capacidad de autopensarse como proyecto en marcha. Recibido: 02 julio 2018 Aceptado: 05 septiembre 2018 Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 201

Assessment of biowaste composting process for industrial support tool development through macro data approach

This study aims to assess composting efficiency and quality of compost through the study of the parameters of the Catalan Waste Agency (ARC) data-base by developing indicators useful for industrial sector. The study includes 17 composting plants for an 8-years period (2010–2017), the quantities of materials treated and generated in these plants: biowaste, yard trimmings, refuse and compost, as well as chemical characterization of compost: moisture, total organic matter, organic nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity, self-heating test, pollutants and ammonium. Plant were sorted into 4 size classes depending on size capacity and into 4 technologies employed during thermophilic phasePostprint (updated version

Rockfalls: analysis of the block fragmentation through field experiments

Fragmentation is a common feature of rockfall that exerts a strong control on the trajectories of the generated blocks, the impact energies, and the runout. In this paper, we present a set of four real-scale rockfall tests aimed at studying the fragmentation of the rocky blocks, from the global design of the field procedure to the data analysis and the main results. A total of 124 limestone, dacite, or granite blocks ranging between 0.2 and 5 m3 were dropped from different heights (8.5 to 23.6 m) onto four slopes with different shapes (single or double bench) and slope angles (42º to 71º). The characteristics of the blocks, in particular the size, surface texture and joint condition, were measured before the drops. The trajectories of the blocks and both the initial and the impact velocities were tracked and recorded by means of three high-speed video cameras. A total of 200 block-to-ground impacts have been studied. On average, 40% of the blocks broke upon impact on the slope or on the ground, making it necessary to measure the fragments. The initial and final sizes of the blocks/fragments were measured by hand with tape, though photogrammetric techniques (UAV and terrestrial) were also used for comparison purposes. The information gathered during the field tests provides a deep insight into the fragmentation processes. On the one hand, the high-resolution slow-motion videos help to describe when and how the block breakage takes place and the spatial distribution of the pieces. On the other hand, it is possible to compute the block trajectories, the velocities, and the energy losses using videogrammetry. The results include, for instance, a block average fragmentation of 54% and 14% for the limestone and granitoids, respectively; the systematic inventory of the size fragments, which may be used for fitting the power law distributions; and after each breakage, the total angle of aperture occupied by the fragments has been measured, with values in the range 25º–145º. To figure out the different behavior of the blocks in terms of breakage/no breakage, each block-to-ground impact has been characterized with a set of parameters describing the energy level, the robustness of the substrate, and the configuration of the block contact at the impact point, among others. All these terms are combined in a function F, which is used to adjust the field data. The adjustment has been carried out, first, for the whole 200 events and later for a subset of them. The procedure and the results are described in the paper. Although the discrimination capability of F is moderately satisfactory, it is very sensitive to the test site and setup. It must be highlighted that these field tests are a unique source of data to adjust the parameters of the numerical simulation models in use for rockfall studies and risk mitigation, especially when fragmentation during the propagation is considered.The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the research projects RockRisk (BIA2013-42582-P), RockModels (BIA2016-75668-P, AEI, ERDF/FEDER, UE) and GeoRisk (PID2019-103974RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). GeoRisk is funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) on the framework of the Plan for Scientific-Technical Research and Innovation. The support of the Spanish Ministry of Education (grants to the second and third authors, codes FPU13/04252 and BES-2014-069795, respectively) and the BBVA Foundation (thirteenth author’s contract) is also appreciated. The collaboration of Canteras Hermanos Foj and Canteras Ponderosa S.A., Marc Janeras, and S. Moreno is greatly acknowledged. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor who helped to improve the structure and content of the final version. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The RockRisk project: rockfall risk quantification and prevention

Rockfalls are frequent instability processes in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. The orientation and persistence of joints within the rock mass define the size of the kinematically unstable rock volumes and determine the way how the detached mass be-comes fragmented upon the impact on the ground surface. Knowledge of the size and trajectory of the blocks resulting from fragmentation is critical for calculating the impact probability and intensity, the vulnerability the exposed elements and the performance of protection structures. In this contribution we summarize the main goals and achievements of the RockRisk project. We focused on the characterization of the rockfall fragmentation by means of the analysis of the fracture pattern of intact rock masses, the development of a fragmentation model and its integration into rockfall propagation analysis. The ultimate goal of the project is to quantify risk due to rockfalls and develop tools for the improvement of prevention and for protection from its occurrence.Postprint (published version

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13