The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Arum orientale on CLP-Induced Sepsis in Rats

Background: Sepsis is a lethal clinical syndrome that results from dysregulated systemic inflammatory response of the body due to the invasion of pathogens, especially bacteria. Despite advances in medical care and therapy, sepsis is still one of the major causes of death in intensive care units and no decisive medical treatment is available against that. Studies have suggested that some Arum species have anti-bacterial properties. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Arum orientale, on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis in rats. Methods: CLP method was used for induction of sepsis in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract of A. orientale was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 80 and 640 mg/Kg body weight at times of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after the surgery. Antibacterial activity, hemodynamic parameters, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and survival rate were measured after 72 h. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of A. orientale showed antibacterial activities as potent as gentamycin against Escherichia coli. Administration of the extract with a dose of 80 mg/Kg body weight increased significantly hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure (p<0.05)and decreased optical density (OD) (p<0.05) of blood. The extract also increased serum MPO activity (p<0.01) and reduced survival rate to 20%. Conclusion: This study for the first time showed that hydroalcoholic extract of A. oriental acts as a double edge sword in the treatment of CLP-induced sepsis. This extract showed antibacterial properties and also improved hemodynamic parameters but decreased survival rate, that might be through pro-inflammatory effects

Phenolic composition and functional properties of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.)

Mints (Mentha species) are widely used as food, medicine, spice, and flavoring agents. At the present work, phenolics profile of infusion and ethanol extract of Mentha longifolia was determined using an RP–HPLC–DAD system. Total bioactive contents, radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activities relevant to Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders were evaluated. Sixteen phenolic compounds (ten phenolic acids and six flavonoids) were identified in the extracts in which sinapic acid (7132 µg/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (6260 µg/g extract) were the most abundant compounds. Strong antioxidant effects were observed in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), cupric ion reducing activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays. Results indicated selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and high α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Findings showed that M. longifolia has promising health benefits due to its high concentration of useful phenolic compounds and has great potential for possible applications in the preparation of functional ingredients

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of three Sideritis species from Turkey and evaluations bioactivity potentials

© 2021 Elsevier B.V.The members of the genus Sideritis have a wide variety of phytochemicals and thus the genus are gaining interest to fabricate nanoparticles (via green synthesis) as sources reducing or stabilizer agents. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by an easy and eco-friendly method using aqueous extracts of three Sideritis species (Sideritis argyrea (SA), S. brevidens (SB), and S. lycia (SL)). These AgNPs were investigated in terms of cholinesterase (AChE: acetylcholinesterase and BChE: butyrylcholinesterase) and tyrosinase activities. The presence of (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes in Bragg's reflections verified the fcc (face-cantered-cubic) crystalline AgNPs. Sideritis species-directed AgNPs were characterized by surface plasmon resonance at 428–440 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations were showed the spherical and monodispersed of the AgNPs with an average particle size of 22–26 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were revealed functional groups responsible for the reduction of silver ions. Also, for the AgNPs were confirmed by the characterizations of Zeta Potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) was found as major component for all three species. We demonstrated that Sideritis-directed AgNPs showed excellent inhibitory activity against BChE, while Sideritis extracts have no effective inhibitory activity against AChE. Among AgNPs, SA AgNPs exhibited the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the value of 33.02 mg kojic acid equivalents (KAE)/g, following CGA AgNPs (18.31 mg KAE/g) and SB AgNPs (5.46 mg KAE/g). Regarding the extracts, they had similar tyrosinase inhibition activity (33.61–36.34 mg KAE/g). Our findings suggest that the green synthesis by using Sideritis extracts could be open a new horizon in the biotechnological applications such as bioactivity and drug delivery