A indústria de vidro plano: conjuntura atual e perspectivas

Bibliografia: p. 288-290O vidro plano é um componente importante das cadeias de produção tanto da construção civil quanto da indústria automobilística e vem se destacando com a apresentação de diversas características e funcionalidades. A indústria de vidro plano é concentrada em nível mundial, situação também observada nacionalmente. Contudo, no Brasil, essa indústria tem passado por importantes transformações em sua estrutura, com a entrada de novos participantes. Esse movimento reflete o comportamento da demanda interna e de seus principais indutores de crescimento. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar a conjuntura atual desse mercado, em um ambiente de transformação e expansão, e apontar suas perspectivas, levando em conta a importância do desenvolvimento nacional dessa indústria tanto para as cadeias de produção das quais faz parte quanto para o equilíbrio da balança comercial

Design estratégico: inovação, diferenciação, agregação de valor e competitividade

Bibliografia: p. 366-367Entre os inúmeros fatores que determinam a competitividade geral de uma economia, este artigo traz reflexões sobre um aspecto ainda pouco explorado: o design. O texto procura mostrar que fatores ligados a custos, diferenciação e qualidade podem ser afetados positivamente por investimentos em design, que desse modo ganham um valor estratégico. Associadas a essa questão, as discussões relativas ao papel do design no âmbito da inovação e as possibilidades de implementação de políticas públicas específicas são também abordadas. O trabalho mostra ainda os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o modo como o design se apresenta na indústria brasileira. Tal pesquisa foi baseada em uma pequena amostra de empresas médias e grandes dos setores têxtil e de confecções, calçadista e moveleiro e em dados relativos a registros de desenho industrial e a patentes de modelo de utilidade

Apoio à agropecuária sustentável e à inclusão socioprodutiva na Região Sudeste

Bibliografia: p. [230]-231Este capítulo relativo ao trabalho sobre o olhar do BNDES para a Região Sudeste do Brasil busca apontar as ações de inclusão socioprodutiva rural e urbana com base nos pontos de convergência entre a atuação da Área de Agropecuária e de Inclusão Social (AGRIS) e as diretrizes do governo federal de buscar a competitividade do setor agropecuário e a diminuição da pobreza urbana e rural no Brasil. O setor agropecuário brasileiro deve seu desenvolvimento e dinamismo, em grande parte, às atividades agropecuárias das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e, nesse cenário, a Região Sudeste é uma importante personagem, haja vista que, de acordo com os dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento(Mapa), no período de 2010 a agosto de 2014, respondeu por cerca de 32% do Valor Bruto da Produção (VBP) agropecuária do país. De acordo com os principais focos de sua atuação, a AGRIS analisou, neste artigo, as ações por ela realizadas, as que estão em desenvolvimento e as em perspectiva, notadamente no financiamento de investimentos na agricultura familiar, na agropecuária em geral, na produção de alimentos, no cooperativismo de crédito e de produção e na inclusão socioprodutiva urbana.This chapter focuses on the BNDES' approach towards Brazil's Southeast Region and seeks to detail efforts towards rural and urban, social and production inclusion based on points in common between the operations of the Agriculture, Cattle-Raising and Social Inclusion Division (AGRIS) and the federal government's guidelines in seeking competition in the agricultural sector and reducing urban and rural poverty in Brazil. Brazil's agricultural sector owes its development and drive mostly to agricultural activities in the South, Southeast and Central-West Regions and in this scenario, the Southeast Region has become quite important. This is in accordance with data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Cattle-Raising and Food (MAPA), which affirms that, from 2010 to August 2014, the region was responsible for nearly 32.2% of the domestic agricultural GDP. Within the main scope of its operations, AGRIS, in this article, analyzed not only its efforts to date, but also those still underway, and those which are still a perspective. Specifically, this includes financing investments in family farming, general agriculture, food production, credit and production coops, as well as urban social and production inclusion

Apoio à agropecuária sustentável e à inclusão socioprodutiva na Região Centro-Oeste

Bibliografia: p. 92-93Este capítulo procurou apontar as ações de inclusão socioprodutiva rural e urbana na Região Centro-Oeste, de acordo com os principais pontos estratégicos da atuação da Área Agropecuária e de Inclusão Social (AGRIS) do BNDES. São abordados os pontos de convergência entre a atuação da AGRIS e as diretrizes do governo federal para buscar a diminuição da pobreza no Brasil. Para cumprir seu propósito, neste artigo, foram analisadas as ações realizadas, as que estão em desenvolvimento e as em perspectiva, notadamente no financiamento de investimentos na agricultura familiar, no agronegócio em geral, no cooperativismo de crédito e de produção e na inclusão socioprodutiva urbana.This chapter sought to highlight efforts aimed at rural and urban social and production inclusion in the Central-West Region, in accordance with the main strategic points in efforts made by the Agriculture, Cattle-Raising and Social Inclusion Division (AGRIS) at the BNDES. Discussion focuses on where the role of AGRIS and the federal government s guidelines meet in order to reduce poverty in Brazil. To fulfill its purpose, this article analyzes efforts made, those still being developed and those in perspective, notably to finance investments in family farming, general agribusiness, credit and production cooperatives, as well as urban social and production inclusion

Apoio à agropecuária sustentável e à inclusão socioprodutiva na Região Sul

Bibliografia: p. 211Este capítulo relativo ao trabalho sobre o olhar do BNDES para a Região Sul do Brasil procurou apontar as ações de inclusão socioprodutiva rural e urbana com base nos pontos de convergência entre a atuação da Área Agropecuária e de Inclusão Social (AGRIS) e as diretrizes do governo federal de buscar a competitividade do setor agropecuário e de diminuir a pobreza urbana e rural no Brasil, além do importante apoio ao segmento agropecuário da região. O setor agropecuário brasileiro deve seu desenvolvimento e dinamismo, em grande parte, às atividades agropecuárias das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e, nesse cenário, a Região Sul é uma importante personagem, haja vista que, segundo dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), responde por cerca de 27% do Valor da Produção Agropecuária do país. De acordo com os principais pontos estratégicos de sua atuação, a AGRIS analisou, neste artigo, as ações por ela realizadas, as que estão em desenvolvimento e as em perspectiva, notadamente no financiamento de investimentos na agricultura familiar, no agronegócio em geral, no cooperativismo de crédito e de produção e na inclusão socioprodutiva urbana.This chapter focuses on labor within the BNDES’ approach to Brazil’s South region, and seeks to highlight efforts aimed at rural and urban, social and production inclusion. This is based on issues that both the Agricultural, Cattle-raising and Social Inclusion Division (AGRIS) and the federal government’s guidelines agree upon when it comes to fostering competitiveness in the agricultural and cattle-raising sector and to reducing urban and rural poverty in Brazil, besides the important support for the same sectors in the South region. The growth in Brazil’s agricultural and cattle-raising sector is largely due to such activities in the South, Southeast and Central-west regions. Within this scenario, the South region is a key payer, because, according to data from the 2006 Agricultural and Cattle-raising Census put together by the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE), it accounts for close to 27% of the Value of Agricultural and Cattle-raising Production in the country. In accordance with the main strategic issues of its operations, AGRIS, in this article, analyzed its own efforts, those underway and those under analysis, especially in financing investments in family farming, in agribusiness as a whole, in credit and production cooperatives, and in urban social and production inclusion

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings