HReMAS: Hybrid Real-time Musical Alignment System

[EN] This paper presents a real-time audio-to-score alignment system for musical applications. The aim of these systems is to synchronize a live musical performance with its symbolic representation in a music sheet. We have used as a base our previous real-time alignment system by enhancing it with a traceback stage, a stage used in offline alignment to improve the accuracy of the aligned note. This stage introduces some delay, what forces to assume a trade-off between output delay and alignment accuracy that must be considered in the design of this type of hybrid techniques. We have also improved our former system to execute faster in order to minimize this delay. Other interesting improvements, like identification of silence frames, have also been incorporated to our proposed system.This work has been supported by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" of Spain and FEDER under Projects TEC2015-67387-C4-{1,2,3}-R.Cabañas-Molero, P.; Cortina-Parajón, R.; Combarro, EF.; Alonso-Jordá, P.; Bris-Peñalver, FJ. (2019). HReMAS: Hybrid Real-time Musical Alignment System. The Journal of Supercomputing. 75(3):1001-1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2265-1S10011013753Alonso P, Cortina R, Rodríguez-Serrano FJ, Vera-Candeas P, Alonso-González M, Ranilla J (2017) Parallel online time warping for real-time audio-to-score alignment in multi-core systems. J Supercomput 73(1):126–138Alonso P, Vera-Candeas P, Cortina R, Ranilla J (2017) An efficient musical accompaniment parallel system for mobile devices. J Supercomput 73(1):343–353Arzt A (2016) Flexible and robust music tracking. Ph.D. thesis, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, ÖsterreichArzt A, Widmer G, Dixon S (2008) Automatic page turning for musicians via real-time machine listening. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), Amsterdam, pp 241–245Carabias-Orti J, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Vera-Candeas P, Ruiz-Reyes N, Cañadas-Quesada F (2015) An audio to score alignment framework using spectral factorization and dynamic time warping. In: Proceedings of ISMIR, pp 742–748Cont A (2006) Realtime audio to score alignment for polyphonic music instruments, using sparse non-negative constraints and hierarchical HMMs. In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, vol 5. pp V–VCont A, Schwarz D, Schnell N, Raphael C (2007) Evaluation of real-time audio-to-score alignment. In: International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), ViennaDannenberg RB, Raphael C (2006) Music score alignment and computer accompaniment. Commun ACM 49(8):38–43Devaney J, Ellis D (2009) Handling asynchrony in audio-score alignment. In: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference Computer Music Association. pp 29–32Dixon S (2005) An on-line time warping algorithm for tracking musical performances. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). pp 1727–1728Duan Z, Pardo B (2011) Soundprism: an online system for score-informed source separation of music audio. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process 5(6):1205–1215Ewert S, Muller M, Grosche P (2009) High resolution audio synchronization using chroma onset features. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009 (ICASSP 2009). pp 1869–1872Hu N, Dannenberg R, Tzanetakis G (2003) Polyphonic audio matching and alignment for music retrieval. In: 2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics. pp 185–188Kaprykowsky H, Rodet X (2006) Globally optimal short-time dynamic time warping, application to score to audio alignment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol 5. pp. V–VLi B, Duan Z (2016) An approach to score following for piano performances with the sustained effect. IEEE/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 24(12):2425–2438Miron M, Carabias-Orti JJ, Bosch JJ, Gómez E, Janer J (2016) Score-informed source separation for multichannel orchestral recordings. J Electr Comput Eng 2016(8363507):1–19Muñoz-Montoro A, Cabañas-Molero P, Bris-Peñalver F, Combarro E, Cortina R, Alonso P (2017) Discovering the composition of audio files by audio-to-midi alignment. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering. pp 1522–1529Orio N, Schwarz D (2001) Alignment of monophonic and polyphonic music to a score. In: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), pp 155–158Pätynen J, Pulkki V, Lokki T (2008) Anechoic recording system for symphony orchestra. Acta Acust United Acust 94(6):856–865Raphael C (2010) Music plus one and machine learning. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp 21–28Rodriguez-Serrano FJ, Carabias-Orti JJ, Vera-Candeas P, Martinez-Munoz D (2016) Tempo driven audio-to-score alignment using spectral decomposition and online dynamic time warping. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol 8(2):22:1–22:2

Photobehavior of the antipsychotic drug cyamemazine in a supramolecular gel protective environment

[EN] In this work, a molecular hydrogel made of gelator (S)-4-((3-methyl-1-(nonylamino)-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid (SVN) has been employed as soft container to modify the photochemical and photophysical behavior of the antipsychotic drug cyamemazine (CMZ). The interaction of CMZ with the gel network has been evidenced by fluorescence spectroscopy through a hypsochromic shift of the emission band (from lambda(max) = 521 nm in solution to lambda(max) = 511 nm in the gel) and an increase of the fluorescence lifetime (5.6 ns in PBS vs. 7.2 ns in the gel). In the laser flash photolysis experiments on CMZ/SVN systems, the CMZ triplet excited state ((3)CMZ*), monitored at lambda = 320 nm, has been more efficiently generated and became much longer-lived than in solution (2.7 mu s vs. 0.7 mu s); besides, photochemical ionization leading to the radical cation CMZ(+center dot) was disfavored. In the steady-state experiments, photooxidation of CMZ to afford the N,S-dioxide derivative CMZ-SONO has been retarded in the gel, which provides a more lipophilic and constrained microenvironment. Both the photophysical properties and the photoreactivity are in agreement with CMZ located in a less polar domain when entrapped in the supramolecular gel, as result of the interaction of the drug with the fibers of the supramolecular SVN gel.Financial support from the Spanish Government (CTQ2016-78875-P and CTQ2015-71004-R), the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/075) and the European Union is gratefully acknowledged.Vendrell-Criado, V.; Angulo-Pachón, CA.; Miravet, JF.; Galindo, F.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Jiménez Molero, MC. (2020). Photobehavior of the antipsychotic drug cyamemazine in a supramolecular gel protective environment. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology. 202:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111686S14202Bourin, M., Dailly, E., & Hascöet, M. (2006). Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Cyamemazine: Anxiolytic Effects and Prevention of Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome. CNS Drug Reviews, 10(3), 219-229. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.xConilleau, V., Dompmartin, A., Michel, M., Verneuil, L., & Leroy, D. (2000). Photoscratch testing in systemic drug-induced photosensitivity. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 16(2), 62-66. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.d01-5.xMorlière, P., Bosca, F., Miranda, M. A., Castell, J. V., & Santus, R. (2004). Primary Photochemical Processes of the Phototoxic Neuroleptic Cyamemazine: A Study by Laser Flash Photolysis and Steady-state Irradiation¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 80(3), 535. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)0802.0.co;2Morlière, P., Haigle, J., Aissani, K., Filipe, P., Silva, J. N., & Santus, R. (2004). An Insight into the Mechanisms of the Phototoxic Response Induced by Cyamemazine in Cultured Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 79(2), 163. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)0792.0.co;2Weiss, R. G. (2014). The Past, Present, and Future of Molecular Gels. What Is the Status of the Field, and Where Is It Going? Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(21), 7519-7530. doi:10.1021/ja503363vDraper, E. R., & Adams, D. J. (2017). Low-Molecular-Weight Gels: The State of the Art. Chem, 3(3), 390-410. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2017.07.012Lan, Y., Corradini, M. G., Weiss, R. G., Raghavan, S. R., & Rogers, M. A. (2015). To gel or not to gel: correlating molecular gelation with solvent parameters. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(17), 6035-6058. doi:10.1039/c5cs00136fSegarra-Maset, M. D., Nebot, V. J., Miravet, J. F., & Escuder, B. (2013). Control of molecular gelation by chemical stimuli. Chem. Soc. Rev., 42(17), 7086-7098. doi:10.1039/c2cs35436eJones, C. D., & Steed, J. W. (2016). Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound. Chemical Society Reviews, 45(23), 6546-6596. doi:10.1039/c6cs00435kHirst, A. R., Escuder, B., Miravet, J. F., & Smith, D. K. (2008). High-Tech Applications of Self-Assembling Supramolecular Nanostructured Gel-Phase Materials: From Regenerative Medicine to Electronic Devices. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47(42), 8002-8018. doi:10.1002/anie.200800022Mayr, J., Saldías, C., & Díaz Díaz, D. (2018). Release of small bioactive molecules from physical gels. Chemical Society Reviews, 47(4), 1484-1515. doi:10.1039/c7cs00515fMaiti, B., Abramov, A., Pérez-Ruiz, R., & Díaz Díaz, D. (2019). The Prospect of Photochemical Reactions in Confined Gel Media. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52(7), 1865-1876. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00097Escuder, B., Rodríguez-Llansola, F., & Miravet, J. F. (2010). Supramolecular gels as active media for organic reactions and catalysis. New Journal of Chemistry, 34(6), 1044. doi:10.1039/b9nj00764dMiravet, J. F., & Escuder, B. (2005). Reactive Organogels:  Self-Assembled Support for Functional Materials. Organic Letters, 7(22), 4791-4794. doi:10.1021/ol0514045Guler, M. O., & Stupp, S. I. (2007). A Self-Assembled Nanofiber Catalyst for Ester Hydrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(40), 12082-12083. doi:10.1021/ja075044nRodríguez-Llansola, F., Escuder, B., & Miravet, J. F. (2009). Switchable Perfomance of an l-Proline-Derived Basic Catalyst Controlled by Supramolecular Gelation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(32), 11478-11484. doi:10.1021/ja902589fGalindo, F., Isabel Burguete, M., Gavara, R., & Luis, S. V. (2006). Fluorescence quenching in organogel as a reaction medium. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 178(1), 57-61. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.06.021Burguete, M. I., Izquierdo, M. A., Galindo, F., & Luis, S. V. (2008). Time resolved fluorescence of naproxen in organogel medium. Chemical Physics Letters, 460(4-6), 503-506. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.045Díaz Díaz, D., Kühbeck, D., & Koopmans, R. J. (2011). Stimuli-responsive gels as reaction vessels and reusable catalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev., 40(1), 427-448. doi:10.1039/c005401cPérez-Ruiz, R., & Díaz Díaz, D. (2015). Photophysical and photochemical processes in 3D self-assembled gels as confined microenvironments. Soft Matter, 11(26), 5180-5187. doi:10.1039/c5sm00877hArnau del Valle, C., Felip-León, C., Angulo-Pachón, C. A., Mikhailov, M., Sokolov, M. N., Miravet, J. F., & Galindo, F. (2019). Photoactive Hexanuclear Molybdenum Nanoclusters Embedded in Molecular Organogels. Inorganic Chemistry, 58(14), 8900-8905. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00916Dawn, A., Fujita, N., Haraguchi, S., Sada, K., & Shinkai, S. (2009). An organogel system can control the stereochemical course of anthracene photodimerization. Chemical Communications, (16), 2100. doi:10.1039/b820565eShumburo, A., & Biewer, M. C. (2002). Stabilization of an Organic Photochromic Material by Incorporation in an Organogel. Chemistry of Materials, 14(9), 3745-3750. doi:10.1021/cm020421aBhat, S., & Maitra, U. (2007). Hydrogels as Reaction Vessels: Acenaphthylene Dimerization in Hydrogels Derived from Bile Acid Analogues. Molecules, 12(9), 2181-2189. doi:10.3390/12092181Bachl, J., Hohenleutner, A., Dhar, B. B., Cativiela, C., Maitra, U., König, B., & Díaz, D. D. (2013). Organophotocatalysis in nanostructured soft gel materials as tunable reaction vessels: comparison with homogeneous and micellar solutions. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(14), 4577. doi:10.1039/c3ta01109gTorres-Martínez, A., Angulo-Pachón, C. A., Galindo, F., & Miravet, J. F. (2019). In between molecules and self-assembled fibrillar networks: highly stable nanogel particles from a low molecular weight hydrogelator. Soft Matter, 15(17), 3565-3572. doi:10.1039/c9sm00252aVendrell-Criado, V., González-Bello, C., Miranda, M. A., & Jiménez, M. C. (2018). A combined photophysical and computational study on the binding of mycophenolate mofetil and its major metabolite to transport proteins. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 199, 308-314. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.064Vayá, I., Andreu, I., Jiménez, M. C., & Miranda, M. A. (2014). Photooxygenation mechanisms in naproxen–amino acid linked systems. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 13(2), 224-230. doi:10.1039/c3pp50252

Alterations in PGC1[alfa] expression levels are involved in colorectal cancer risk: a qualitative systematic review

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global public health problem and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been suspected to be involved in this type of tumorigenesis, as supported by an accumulating body of research evidence. However, little is known about how mitochondrial alterations contribute to tumorigenesis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a fundamental cellular process required to maintain functional mitochondria and as an adaptive mechanism in response to changing energy requirements. Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-? (PPARGC1A or PGC1?). In this paper, we report a systematic review to summarize current evidence on the role of PGC1? in the initiation and progression of CRC. The aim is to provide a basis for more comprehensive research. Methods: The literature search, data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to the document Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews and the PRISMA declaration. Results: The studies included in this review aimed to evaluate whether increased or decreased PGC1? expression affects the development of CRC. Each article proposes a possible molecular mechanism of action and we create two concept maps. Conclusion: Our systematic review indicates that altered expression of PGC1? modifies CRC risk. Most studies showed that overexpression of this gene increases CRC risk, while some studies indicated that lower than normal expression levels could increase CRC risk. Thus, various authors propose PGC1? as a good candidate molecular target for cancer therapy. Reducing expression of this gene could help to reduce risk or progression of CRC

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium intake, and bone mineral density in Spanish adults

Summary Vitamin D insufficiency is very common among Spanish community-dwelling adult subjects. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml would be necessary for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip bone loss in our population, regardless of the dairy calcium ingestion. Introduction This study aims to assess 25-hydroxyvitamin D?25(OH)D?status in Spanish adult subjects and to analyze its relationships with serum PTH levels, calcium intake, and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods A total of 1811 individuals (1154 postmenopausal women and 657 men) aged 44?93 years participated in the study. Serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), and Cterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (?-CTX) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. BMD was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were below 10, 20, and 30 ng/ml in 5, 40, and 83%of participants, respectively. There was a significant seasonal difference in mean serum 25(OH)D, with higher levels in summer?autumn. In multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with age, serum PTH and creatinine, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and a number of chronic diseases, but positively with dairy calcium intake. The magnitude of the difference in serum PTH according to 25(OH)D quartiles was not influenced by calcium intake. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml was observed for serum PTH and hip BMD. Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency is very common among Spanish community-dwelling adult subjects. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml would be necessary for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip bone loss in our population, regardless of the dairy calcium ingestion. Programs to improve vitamin D status may be required in our country

Generational distribution of a Candida glabrata population: Resilient old cells prevail, while younger cells dominate in the vulnerable host.

Similar to other yeasts, the human pathogen Candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric, finite cell divisions, which determines its replicative lifespan. We sought to investigate if and how aging changes resilience of C. glabrata populations in the host environment. Our data demonstrate that old C. glabrata are more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil killing, whereas young cells adhere better to epithelial cell layers. Consequently, virulence of old compared to younger C. glabrata cells is enhanced in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Electron microscopy images of old C. glabrata cells indicate a marked increase in cell wall thickness. Comparison of transcriptomes of old and young C. glabrata cells reveals differential regulation of ergosterol and Hog pathway associated genes as well as adhesion proteins, and suggests that aging is accompanied by remodeling of the fungal cell wall. Biochemical analysis supports this conclusion as older cells exhibit a qualitatively different lipid composition, leading to the observed increased emergence of fluconazole resistance when grown in the presence of fluconazole selection pressure. Older C. glabrata cells accumulate during murine and human infection, which is statistically unlikely without very strong selection. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophils constitute the predominant selection pressure in vivo. When we altered experimentally the selection pressure by antibody-mediated removal of neutrophils, we observed a significantly younger pathogen population in mice. Mathematical modeling confirmed that differential selection of older cells is sufficient to cause the observed demographic shift in the fungal population. Hence our data support the concept that pathogenesis is affected by the generational age distribution of the infecting C. glabrata population in a host. We conclude that replicative aging constitutes an emerging trait, which is selected by the host and may even play an unanticipated role in the transition from a commensal to a pathogen state.post-print10768 K

GrassPlot - a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board

Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis

Background Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus are the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory infections in young children (= 65 years). A global report of the monthly activity of these viruses is needed to inform public health strategies and programmes for their control.Methods In this systematic analysis, we compiled data from a systematic literature review of studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2017; online datasets; and unpublished research data. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported laboratory-confirmed incidence data of human infection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, or metapneumovirus, or a combination of these, for at least 12 consecutive months (or 52 weeks equivalent); stable testing practice throughout all years reported; virus results among residents in well-defined geographical locations; and aggregated virus results at least on a monthly basis. Data were extracted through a three-stage process, from which we calculated monthly annual average percentage (AAP) as the relative strength of virus activity. We defined duration of epidemics as the minimum number of months to account for 75% of annual positive samples, with each component month defined as an epidemic month. Furthermore, we modelled monthly AAP of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus using site-specific temperature and relative humidity for the prediction of local average epidemic months. We also predicted global epidemic months of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus on a 5 degrees by 5 degrees grid. The systematic review in this study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018091628.Findings We initally identified 37 335 eligible studies. Of 21 065 studies remaining after exclusion of duplicates, 1081 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 185 were identified as eligible. We included 246 sites for influenza virus, 183 sites for respiratory syncytial virus, 83 sites for parainfluenza virus, and 65 sites for metapneumovirus. Influenza virus had clear seasonal epidemics in winter months in most temperate sites but timing of epidemics was more variable and less seasonal with decreasing distance from the equator. Unlike influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus had clear seasonal epidemics in both temperate and tropical regions, starting in late summer months in the tropics of each hemisphere, reaching most temperate sites in winter months. In most temperate sites, influenza virus epidemics occurred later than respiratory syncytial virus (by 0.3 months [95% CI -0.3 to 0.9]) while no clear temporal order was observed in the tropics. Parainfluenza virus epidemics were found mostly in spring and early summer months in each hemisphere. Metapneumovirus epidemics occurred in late winter and spring in most temperate sites but the timing of epidemics was more diverse in the tropics. Influenza virus epidemics had shorter duration (3.8 months [3.6 to 4.0]) in temperate sites and longer duration (5.2 months [4.9 to 5.5]) in the tropics. Duration of epidemics was similar across all sites for respiratory syncytial virus (4.6 months [4.3 to 4.8]), as it was for metapneumovirus (4.8 months [4.4 to 5.1]). By comparison, parainfluenza virus had longer duration of epidemics (6.3 months [6.0 to 6.7]). Our model had good predictability in the average epidemic months of influenza virus in temperate regions and respiratory syncytial virus in both temperate and tropical regions. Through leave-one-out cross validation, the overall prediction error in the onset of epidemics was within 1 month (influenza virus -0.2 months [-0.6 to 0.1]; respiratory syncytial virus 0.1 months [-0.2 to 0.4]).Interpretation This study is the first to provide global representations of month-by-month activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus. Our model is helpful in predicting the local onset month of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus epidemics. The seasonality information has important implications for health services planning, the timing of respiratory syncytial virus passive prophylaxis, and the strategy of influenza virus and future respiratory syncytial virus vaccination. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Correction to: Cluster identification, selection, and description in Cluster randomized crossover trials: the PREP-IT trials

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article