The Effect of Storage on Consumer Preference, Sugar Content, and Starch Content of Spiced Low-Fat Sweet Potato Flavored Yogurt.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if addition of pumpkin pie spice to sweet potato puree would enhance consumer acceptance of sweet potato flavored yogurt. In Phase I, the effect of fat percentage, spice percentage, and addition of sweet potato pre-fermentation and post-fermentation on consumer acceptance was examined to determine the optimum treatment preferred by consumers and the effect of each treatment variable on the fermentation process. Phase II focused on the effect of storage periods of 7, 14, and 21 days on the organoleptic qualities and chemical composition of sweet potato. Analyses showed that the percentage of spice in the treatment appeared to have an effect on pH during fermentation. Treatments containing higher percentages of spice exhibited a slower drop in pH during the fermentation process. The effect was more pronounced in treatments containing .4 percent spice. Addition of sweet potato pre-fermentation and post-fermentation impacted consumer acceptance, viscosity, and glucose and sucrose content. Consumers appeared to prefer treatments with higher percentages of spice content in which sweet potato was added pre-fermentation. In addition, treatments in which sweet potato was added pre-fermentation exhibited higher viscosity regardless of fat and spice percentage and were rated higher by consumers in evaluation of texture. Analyses of Phase II data showed that consumers preferred treatments containing 5 and 6 percent sugar and storage periods of 14 days. Percent added sugar impacted pH, titratable acidity, glucose and sucrose levels. Treatments with lower percentages of added sugar exhibited lower pH values and higher titratable acidity for all storage periods. Treatments with higher percentages of added sugar prefermentation exhibited higher glucose and sucrose levels across storage periods. Dry matter exhibited a storage effect with significant increases in dry matter after 21 days of storage. Viscosity and starch content were not impacted by sugar or storage. Future research should focus on refinement of the yogurt formula to improve the organoleptic properties of the product. Other flavor or textural enhancements such as spiced granola or pecans should be explored. Additional research to determine the nature of the spice on the fermentation process is needed

Impact of Social Entrepreneurship on Competitive Advantage of Islamic Banks Working in Jordan

The concept of social entrepreneurship has become a slogan raised by successful and entrepreneurial business organizations, through a lot of efforts directed to the attention of this concept, and combining it within the performance requirements, which is deemed to be necessary within the top priorities at all administrative levels, literature shows that organizations that do not adopt social concepts in their work, especially in the current era, they find themselves mired in a spiral of problems, in addition to the negative repercussions that are endless, and could face the challenges of dissatisfaction with members of the community on their activities as a whole, especially conservationists of  them. Social Entrepreneurship describe a group of extraordinary behaviors that should be motivated and encouraged, and provide motivation and rewards for those who have the ability and effort to do them (Richolls, 2000),he can also be considered as representing the process of keeping up with innovative solutions to social problems more definitely or Specifying, here the social concept is highlighted and may work to intensify messages which it disseminates to create and sustain a set of social values ​​that seeks to spread, and those values ​​are connecting with an attempt to exploit the opportunities in front of him in the community, to serve these messages and try to continue to adapt and learn. At the level of business enterprises, the social entrepreneurship seeks to change the system work beside its priorities and programs, linking its goals of profitability and non-profitability, and thus the development of visions that were offered to the models and behaviors that increase the target segments size, and combining it within larger geographical space that benefits a larger number of citizens and users, and as the  researcher (Dracker,1990) says If entrepreneurship focuses on generating wealth and interest in it as an engine for economic development, the social entrepreneurship focuses on making the world a better place to live and works to create social capital. At the level of Jordan, the Jordanian economy is one of the small economies in the middle east region with limitedness in most agricultural, water resources, and resources of energy in general, and that affected the efforts of economic and social development in the state, the stress of the previous problems have increased because of the political and regional ambient conditions. In particularly the problem of Syrian asylum, which increased the budget deficit, and poverty and unemployment rate among disadvantaged groups of citizens or of the newcomers

The impact of an educational course for swimming on free style swimming performance and life skills for deaf students

This study investigates the impact of an educational course for swimming on free style swimming performance and life skills for deaf students. Subjects were (10) male deaf students who were at-tended to swimming courses level (1) in the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Jordan, with mean age of (M age = 20.4 SD =1.35). After completing the Life skills through swimming context scale (Bayyat et al., 2016) and practical pre-test of free style swimming skills performance, subjects executed both physical practice of the free style swimming skills performance during a pro-gram conceited of eighteen sessions, 3 sessions a week, for 6-weeks, 60 mints per session, and life skills development dialogues program which focused on certain life skills (Communications, team-work, self-confidence/self-Esteem, problem solving and decision-making/responsibility).After 6-weeks all subjects completed a post life skills questionnaire which measured the changes in their life skills level after learning the free style swimming skills performance, they also went through a post practical subjective performance evaluation post-test which measured their level of the free style swimming skills performance. Statistical analysis was processed by SPSS. The results showed significant differences between pre and post-test in life skills dimensions and significant differences between pre and post-test in free style swimming performance level for the subject of this study. In conclusions the educational course for swimming had a positive impact on free style swimming performance and on life skills for deaf students in the faculty of physical education at the University of Jordan

The relationship between psychological compatibility and academic achievement in swimming

This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological compatibility and academic achievement in swimming class, the subjects were (72) under graduate male students of physical education college at the University of Jordan. (M age = 19.4 SD =1.35). All subjects were students in swimming class and they were learning free style swimming skills. The learning scores for students were measured two times during the second semester in 2016; the subjects went through practical exams only, the med-term exam (30) grades, and the final-term exam (30) grades, the total grades score was out of (60). The researchers designed a questionnaire as a tool for this study to measures the degree of psychological compatibility for the subjects. The total scores for learning free style swimming skills and the scores for the questionnaire were compared to determine the relationship between psychological compatibility and academic achievement in free style swimming, Statistical treatment by using the (SPSS) program was done. The results showed that there was a relation between psychological compatibility and academic achievement during learning free style swimming skills

Barriers in knowledge and attitudes regarding organ donation among Urban Jordanian population

Low organ donation rates are a major obstacle to the expansion of transplant opportunities in the Middle East. Awareness and opinion about organ donation affect willingness to donate. This study aims to evaluate public attitudes and knowledge about deceased organ donation (DOD) in Jordan in support of larger efforts to increase donor rates. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Qualitative, one-on-one interviews were used to create a quantitative survey, which was administered to randomly-selected individuals over a 5-month period. The questionnaire used series of statements to evaluate knowledge and attitude about DOD on a scaling system and converted to scores (0-4). A total of 15 qualitative interviews and 500 quantitative surveys (78.4% response rate) were completed. Only 78 (15.6%) knew they could donate their organs after death. Only 49 (9.8%) were registered as donors, although 373 (74.6%) knew about the registration process. Internet (52.2%) and social media (51.0%) were the most common sources of information. The overall knowledge score was moderately high at 68.8% (2.75 ± 1.31). Misconceptions persisted about body disfigurement, diagnostic accuracy of brain-death, and waiting list equity. The total attitude score was moderately positive at 65.8% (2.63 ± 0.02). Public awareness campaigns (85.3%, 3.42 ± 0.95) and regulatory legislation (78.8%, 3.15 ± 0.99) were considered especially positive, while negative attitudes about religious approval and paid donation were present. Female respondents had significantly higher scores on organ donation significance (P = 0.007) and overall attitude (P = 0.035) than males. The results of this study demonstrate knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and negative opinions on topics related to organ donation in Jordan. However, participants recognized the importance of educational campaigns and regulatory legislation and would likely benefit from information from health-care providers and religious leaders

Effectiveness of interactive teaching intervention on medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward stem cells, their therapeutic uses, and potential research applications

Background: Stem cell science is rapidly developing with the potential to alleviate many non-treatable diseases. Medical students, as future physicians, should be equipped with the proper knowledge and attitude regarding this hopeful field. Interactive teaching, whereby the teachers actively involve the students in the learning process, is a promising approach to improve their interest, knowledge, and team spirit. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive teaching intervention on medical students' knowledge and attitudes about stem cell research and therapy. Methods: A pre-post test study design was employed. A six-session interactive teaching course was conducted for a duration of six weeks as an intervention. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were used. The differences in the mean scores of students' knowledge and attitudes were examined using paired t-test, while gender differences were examined using an independent t-test. Results: Out of 71 sixth-year medical students from different nationalities invited to participate in this study, the interactive teaching course was initiated by 58 students resulting in a participation rate of 81.7%. Out of 58 students, 48 (82.8%) completed the entire course. The mean age (standard deviation) of students was 24 (1.2) years, and 32 (66.7%) were males. The results showed poor knowledge about stem cells among the medical students in the pre-intervention phase. Total scores of stem cell-related knowledge and attitudes significantly improved post-intervention. Gender differences in knowledge and attitudes scores were not statistically significant post-intervention. Conclusions: Integrating stem cell science into medical curricula coupled with interactive learning approaches effectively increased students' knowledge about recent advances in stem cell research and therapy and improved attitudes toward stem cell research and applications. Keywords: Arab; Attitudes; Education; Interactive teaching; Jordan; Knowledge; Medical curriculum; Stem cells; Students

Association Between Lipid Profile and Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious disabling consequence of Diabetes Mellitus. They are characterized by the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues in the feet, and are a major cause of lower limb amputations. Various risk factors have been identified for the development of diabetic foot ulcers, including poor glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and impaired wound healing. it is considered that the lipid profile is one of many factors that contribute to the formation and progression of diabetic foot ulcers. To stratify the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), biomarkers are required. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between the risk of DFU and lipid profile in diabetic patients

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020