Umjetna inteligencija i matematičko modeliranje kinetike sušenja farmaceutskog praha

The study aims at modelling the drying kinetics of a pharmaceutical powder with active ingredient Candesartan Cilexetil. The kinetics was carried out in a vacuum dryer at different temperature levels, pressure, initial mass, and water content. The effect of some operating parameters on the drying time was studied. The modelling of drying times was based on the use of experimental design method. The data obtained were adjusted using 17 semi-empirical models, one proposed, a static ANN and DA_SVMR, regrouping all studied kinetics. The proposed model and DA_SVMR model were chosen as the most appropriate to describe the drying kinetics. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Cilj rada je modeliranje kinetike sušenja farmaceutskog praha s aktivnim sastojkom Candesartan Cilexetil. Kinetika je izvedena u vakuumskoj sušilici pri različitim temperaturama, tlaku, početnoj masi i sadržaju vode. Proučavan je utjecaj nekih radnih parametara na vrijeme sušenja. Modeliranje vremena sušenja temeljilo se na primjeni eksperimentalne metode dizajna. Dobiveni podatci prilagođeni su pomoću 17 poluempirijskih modela, jednog predloženog, statičkog ANN i DA_SVMR, pregrupirajući svu proučavanu kinetiku. Predloženi model i model DA_SVMR pokazali su se kao najprikladniji za opisivanje kinetike sušenja. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Avaluació de projectes ferroviaris. Cas de la reobertura de la línia Reus-Roda

L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és fer un estudi multicriteri on avaluarem la viabilitat d'invertir en una rehabilitació de la línia Reus - Roda de Bara, i veure si aquesta rehabilitació podria solucionar els problemes de congestió que aquesta zona té, tant a nivell ferroviari com viari. També analitzarem quin serà més rendible en tots els aspectes si rehabilitar aquesta primera línia o reformar la R13 des de la plana Picamoixons fins a roda i utilitzar-la juntament amb la R14 per fer el trajecte Tarragona – la plana Picamoixons – Roda Bara o bé mantenir la línia i recolzar-se en les reformes recents que s'estan implementat que prometen millor traçabilitat i un augment significatiu en la capacitat.El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un estudio multicriterio donde evaluaremos la viabilidad de invertir en una rehabilitación de la línea Reus - Roda de Bara, y ver si esta rehabilitación podría solucionar los problemas de congestión que está teniendo esta zona tanto a nivel ferroviario como viario. También analizaremos cuál será más rentable en todos los aspectos si rehabilitar esta primera línea o reformar la R13 desde la plana Picamoixons hasta roda y utilizarla junto con la R14 para hacer el trayecto Tarragona - la plana Picamoixons - Roda Bara, o bien mantener la línea y apoyarse en las recientes reforma que se están implementado que prometen mejor trazabilidad y un aumento significativo en la capacidad.The aim of this study is to carry out a multi-criteria study to assess the feasibility of investing in the rehabilitation of the Reus - Roda de Bara line, and to see if this rehabilitation could solve the congestion problems that this area is experiencing both in terms of rail and road. We will also analyse which will be more profitable in all aspects, whether to rehabilitate this first line or to reform the R13 from the La Plana Picamoixons to Roda and use it together with the R14 to make the Tarragona – La Plana Picamoixons - Roda Bara route, or to maintain the line and rely on the recent reforms that are being implemented that promise better traceability and a significant increase in capacity

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Fuel consumption optimization for a city bus

International audienceThis paper deals with the optimization of the fuel consumption for a city bus of the city of Rouen, in France. This work takes part from the ANGO project, a french PREDIT-ANR project. The aim consists in modelling the bus and its fuel consumption in order to formulate a problem of optimmization of the consumption (criterium definition, constraints, initialized variables, ...). Some simulation results are shown under an advisory system to the bus driver and experimental works are presented

Infrastructure based fuel consumption optimization of a vehicle

International audienc

Impulsive prion disease model

A model of prion diseases with impulse effects is studied in this work. First we transform the model to a system of three differential equations with impulse effects in order to study the stability of periodic solution. After that we study the general model by the mean of evolution semi group in order to find conditions of existence of mild solution

Impulsive prion disease model

A model of prion diseases with impulse effects is studied in this work. First we transform the model to a system of three differential equations with impulse effects in order to study the stability of periodic solution. After that we study the general model by the mean of evolution semi group in order to find conditions of existence of mild solution

Impulsive prion disease model

A model of prion diseases with impulse effects is studied in this work. First we transform the model to a system of three differential equations with impulse effects in order to study the stability of periodic solution. After that we study the general model by the mean of evolution semi group in order to find conditions of existence of mild solution

A Behavior-Aware Systematic Approach for Merging Business Process Fragments

International audienceRecent researches have proposed to retrieve relevant fragments out from whole business processes to build new ones. Although they avoid building business processes from scratch, this task has been performed independently for each process, thus, making resulting fragments handling complicated. In this paper, we propose to merge some given business process fragments in order to facilitate the fragment-based business process design. At the same time, the obtained fragment must keep the behavior of original fragments so as to avoid paths execution blockage while the obtained fragments are integrated as part of a complete process. Our approach presents a systematic merge revolving around the so-called adjacency matrices. Typically used to handle graphs, this mechanism is adapted to business process fragments. We also present some rules to provide the obtained fragments with the behavior of original fragments and avoid inconsistent behaviors that were newly added after the merg