La tercera revolución del agua. Urbanización, gestión y contaminación del agua: El caso de Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México, durante el siglo XX

In this paper, the water supply in the city of Tepatitlán in Jalisco, Mexico, is reviewed throughout the XX century and the first decade of XXI century. The management of water was made at the beginning of XX century from superficial exploitation, like rivers and superficial wells. Through the politics of Mexico to concentrate population, the construction of dams which keep enough water to guarantee the supply of greater population was necessary. With the security of water, more habitants were attracted by the city, in a geographical context of shortage of water, since it depends of use of rainwater during three months of the year. During the last 20 years of the XX century, with the dependence on water extracted from wells, some of them with more than 300 meters, the population modified their practices, so the water drainings by the rivers and streams became the drainage on the surface. At the beginning of the XXI century the region was consolidated for a competition for water, with the big cities, but as well with industries, agriculture and cattle raising.En el presente trabajo hacemos una revisión al abastecimiento de agua en la ciudad de Tepatitlán en Jalisco, México, a lo largo del siglo XX y la primera década del siglo XXI. La gestión del agua se hacía al inicio del siglo XX usando aprovechamientos superficiales, como el río y los pozos superficiales. Mediante la política del Estado mexicano para concentrar población, fue necesaria la construcción de presas que almacenaran el agua suficiente para garantizar el abasto de una mayor población. Con la seguridad de agua, más habitantes eran atraídos por la ciudad, en un contexto geográfico de escasez de agua, puesto que se depende del aprovechamiento del agua de lluvia durante tres meses al año. Durante los últimos 20 años del siglo XX, con la dependencia del agua extraída desde pozos profundos, algunos con más de trescientos metros, la población modificó sus prácticas de tal forma que los escurrimientos de agua por los ríos y arroyos pasaron a ser los drenajes en la superficie. En el inicio del siglo XXI se consolida en la región una competencia por el agua con las grandes ciudades, pero también con la industria, la agricultura y la ganadería

1,2,3,3′,4′,6′-Hexaacetyl-4,6-O-benzyl­idenesucrose

In the title compound, C31H38O17, the 1,3-dioxane and pyran­oside rings both show 4 C 1 chair conformations while for the d-fructofuran­oside moiety an envelop 3E conformation is observed. The phenyl ring is oriented almost perpendicular to the 1,3-dioxane ring [dihedral angle = 79.3 (2)°], and the acetate groups are equatorial for the pyran­oside ring and axial for the furan­oside ring. The analysis of potential hydrogen bonds shows both intra- and inter­molecular C—H⋯O contacts to be present

Single trace terahertz spectroscopic ellipsometry

© 2019 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited"[EN] A new technique for terahertz time-domain ellipsometry is presented. Information of reflection coefficients of the sample in two orthogonal polarizations is encoded on the same terahertz trace by using a birefringent medium. This allows for single measurement refractive index extraction without the need for a moving analyzer. A comparison of the complex refractive index measurements of optical grade fused silica and non birefringent sapphire are carried out both in reflection ellipsometry and with a standard terahertz transmission spectrometer showing good agreement. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing AgreementMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (TEC2016-80906-R).Báez-Chorro, MÁ.; Vidal Rodriguez, B. (2019). Single trace terahertz spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optics Express. 27(24):35468-35474. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.035468S35468354742724Bockelt, A., Palaci Lopez, J., & Vidal, B. (2015). All-Fiber Centralized Architecture for Parallel Terahertz Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 5(1), 137-144. doi:10.1109/tthz.2014.2373313Khazan, M., Meissner, R., & Wilke, I. (2001). Convertible transmission-reflection time-domain terahertz spectrometer. Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(8), 3427-3430. doi:10.1063/1.1384433Liu, H.-B., Chen, Y., Bastiaans, G. J., & Zhang, X.-C. (2006). Detection and identification of explosive RDX by THz diffuse reflection spectroscopy. Optics Express, 14(1), 415. doi:10.1364/opex.14.000415Sanjuan, F., Bockelt, A., & Vidal, B. (2014). Birefringence measurement in the terahertz range based on double Fourier analysis. Optics Letters, 39(4), 809. doi:10.1364/ol.39.000809Nagashima, T., & Hangyo, M. (2001). Measurement of complex optical constants of a highly doped Si wafer using terahertz ellipsometry. Applied Physics Letters, 79(24), 3917-3919. doi:10.1063/1.1426258Matsumoto, N., Hosokura, T., Nagashima, T., & Hangyo, M. (2011). Measurement of the dielectric constant of thin films by terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optics Letters, 36(2), 265. doi:10.1364/ol.36.000265Galuza, A. A., Kiseliov, V. K., Kolenov, I. V., Belyaeva, A. I., & Kuleshov, Y. M. (2016). Developments in THz-Range Ellipsometry: Quasi-Optical Ellipsometer. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 6(2), 183-190. doi:10.1109/tthz.2016.2525732Morris, C. M., Aguilar, R. V., Stier, A. V., & Armitage, N. P. (2012). Polarization modulation time-domain terahertz polarimetry. Optics Express, 20(11), 12303. doi:10.1364/oe.20.012303Iwata, T., Uemura, H., Mizutani, Y., & Yasui, T. (2014). Double-modulation reflection-type terahertz ellipsometer for measuring the thickness of a thin paint coating. Optics Express, 22(17), 20595. doi:10.1364/oe.22.020595Byrne, M. B., Shaukat, M. U., Cunningham, J. E., Linfield, E. H., & Davies, A. G. (2011). Simultaneous measurement of orthogonal components of polarization in a free-space propagating terahertz signal using electro-optic detection. Applied Physics Letters, 98(15), 151104. doi:10.1063/1.3579258Guo, Q., Zhang, Y., Lyu, Z., Zhang, D., Huang, Y., Meng, C., … Yuan, J. (2019). THz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Ellipsometry With Simultaneous Measurements of Orthogonal Polarizations. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 9(4), 422-429. doi:10.1109/tthz.2019.2921200Pupeza, I., Wilk, R., & Koch, M. (2007). Highly accurate optical material parameter determination with THz time-domain spectroscopy. Optics Express, 15(7), 4335. doi:10.1364/oe.15.004335Grischkowsky, D., Keiding, S., van Exter, M., & Fattinger, C. (1990). Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 7(10), 2006. doi:10.1364/josab.7.002006Kim, Y., Yi, M., Kim, B. G., & Ahn, J. (2011). Investigation of THz birefringence measurement and calculation in Al_2O_3 and LiNbO_3. Applied Optics, 50(18), 2906. doi:10.1364/ao.50.002906Chen, X., Parrott, E. P. J., Huang, Z., Chan, H.-P., & Pickwell-MacPherson, E. (2018). Robust and accurate terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry. Photonics Research, 6(8), 768. doi:10.1364/prj.6.000768Neshat, M., & Armitage, N. P. (2012). Terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry: instrumentation and calibration. Optics Express, 20(27), 29063. doi:10.1364/oe.20.029063Van Exter, M., Fattinger, C., & Grischkowsky, D. (1989). Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of water vapor. Optics Letters, 14(20), 1128. doi:10.1364/ol.14.00112

Contralateral asymmetry for breast cancer detection : A CADx approach

Early detection is fundamental for the effective treatment of breast cancer and the screening mammography is the most common tool used by the medical community to detect early breast cancer development. Screening mammograms include images of both breasts using two standard views, and the contralateral asymmetry per view is a key feature in detecting breast cancer. we propose a methodology to incorporate said asymmetry information into a computer-aided diagnosis system that can accurately discern between healthy subjects and subjects at risk of having breast cancer. Furthermore, we generate features that measure not only a view-wise asymmetry, but a subject-wise one. Briefly, the methodology co-registers the left and right mammograms, extracts image characteristics, fuses them into subjectwise features, and classifies subjects. In this study, 152 subjects from two independent databases, one with analog- and one with digital mammograms, were used to validate the methodology. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738 and 0.767, and diagnostic odds ratios of 23.10 and 9.00 were achieved, respectively. In addition, the proposed method has the potential to rank subjects by their probability of having breas

Características epidemiológicas y desenlaces de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con patologías reumáticas: primer reporte del registro argentino SAR-COVID

Con el fin de evaluar el impacto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas, la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología desarrolló el Registro Nacional de Pacientes con Enfermedades Reumáticas y COVID-19 (SAR-COVID). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas e infección por SARS-CoV-2 incluidos en el registro SAR-COVID y describir las complicaciones y desenlaces de la COVID-19 en esta población. Material y métodos: SAR-COVID es un registro nacional, multicéntrico y observacional, en el cual se incluyen de manera consecutiva pacientes ≥18 años de edad, con diagnóstico de alguna enfermedad reumática que hayan cursado infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se consignan datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidades, enfermedad reumática y su tratamiento, características clínicas, laboratorio, complicaciones y tratamientos de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: se incluyeron 525 pacientes, con una edad media de 51.3 años (DE 15.2). Las enfermedades reumatológicas más frecuentes fueron artritis reumatoidea (40.4%), lupus eritematoso sistémico (14.9%) y espondiloartritis (8.2%). El 72.9% recibía tratamiento inmunosupresor o inmunomodulador al momento del inicio de la infección y 36.9% glucocorticoides. En la mayoría de los casos, el diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 se llevó a cabo mediante RT-PCR (95%), 39.4% en la consulta externa, 32.2% en el departamento de urgencias, y 14.7% durante la hospitalización. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron síntomas, siendo los más frecuentes fiebre (56.2%), tos (46.7%) y cefalea (39.2%). Durante la infección, 35.1% requirieron hospitalización y 11.6% en unidad de cuidados intensivos. El 75.1% se recuperó completamente, 8.4% presentó secuelas y 6.9% murieron a causa de COVID-19. Conclusión: en este primer reporte del registro SAR-COVID encontramos una amplia distribución de enfermedades reumáticas. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvieron una buena evolución de la infección, sin embargo un 7% falleció como consecuencia de la misma, datos comparables a los reportados por otros registros latinoamericanos con poblaciones similares

Strategies for GHG mitigation in Mediterranean cropping systems. A review

In this review we aimed to synthetize and analyze the most promising GHGs mitigation strategies for Mediterranean cropping systems. A description of most relevant measures, based on the best crop choice and management by farmers (i.e., agronomical practices), was firstly carried out. Many of these measures can be also efficient in other climatic regions, but here we provide particular results and discussion of their efficiencies for Mediterranean cropping systems. An integrated assessment of management practices on mitigating each component of the global warming potential (N2O and CH4 emissions and C sequestration) of production systems considering potential side-effects of their implementation allowed us to propose the best strategies to abate GHG emissions, while sustaining crop yields and mitigating other sources of environmental pollution (e.g. nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization)

Physico-chemical, biological and geological study of an underwater volcano in a degassing stage: Island of El Hierro

El objetivo principal del proyecto “Physico-chemical, biological and geological study of an underwater volcano in a degassing stage: Island of El Hierro”, (VULCANO-II) es estudiar, desde un punto de vista totalmente interdisciplinar, la fase de desgasificación activa del único volcán submarino monitoreado desde su nacimiento en aguas españolas. De esta forma, se pretende además, dar continuidad a los estudios multidisciplinares realizados sobre el volcán submarino de la isla de El Hierro en el contexto del proyecto del Plan Nacional VULCANO-I, (CTM2012-36317) y VULCANA (Vulcanología Canaria Submarina, IEO). Para ello, se realizará la monitorización de las propiedades físico-químicas, biológicas y geológicas del proceso eruptivo submarino de la isla de El Hierro y otros puntos sensibles, como el volcán de Enmedio entre Gran Canaria y Tenerif

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

[Montreal 1976] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1974 y 1976, aunque la mayoría en 1976Todas las fotografías firmadas por Foto E. Gar (Oviedo), Cifra Gráfica, y EF