Produtividade do sorgo forrageiro em função de quantidades crescentes de adubação fosfatada e nitrogenada

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar a produtividade do sorgo forrageiro em função de quantidades crescentes de adubação fosfatada e nitrogenada, assim como determinar o nível ótimo de aplicação de super simples e uréia. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos do EI consistiram em níveis crescentes de adubação fosfatadas: 0 kg/ha de P (0g/vaso); 50 kg/ha de P (1,1g/vaso); 100 kg/ha de P (2,2g/vaso); 150 kg/ha de P (3,3g/vaso); 200 kg/ha de P (4,4g/vaso) e do EII consistiram em níveis crescentes de adubação nitrogenada: 0 kg de N (0g/vaso); 50 kg de N (0,44g/vaso); 100 kg de N (0,88g/vaso); 150 kg de N (1,33g/vaso); 200 kg de N (1,77g/vaso). Verificou-se que os tratamentos que receberam as doses de 0 e 50 kg/ha de P apresentaram  menor produção de biomassa total (BT), e de forma geral, para todas as variáveis (com exceção da relação folha/colmo). Verificou-se que para a BT, o nível ótimo de adubação fosfatada é de 140 kg/ha. Os níveis de adubação nitrogenada com 100, 150 e 200 kg/ha (EII) não diferiram entre si e apresentaram maior produtividade de BT, porém obtiveram menor relação folha/colmo. A aplicação ótima recomendada de ureia é de 197 kg/ha

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Desempenho produtivo de cabritos alimentados com glicerina bruta

Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo de cabritos mestiços terminados em confinamento, alimentados com dietas contendo glicerina bruta (0, 4, 8 e 12% na MS). Vinte cabritos mestiços foram utilizados em blocos completos, casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, para determinação do ganho médio diário (GMD), consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e nutrientes (PB, FDN, EE) e comportamento ingestivo. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados quatro caprinos alocados em delineamento em quadrado latino, para determinação da digestibilidade da MS e nutrientes (PB, FDN, EE). A adição de glicerina bruta não interferiu (P>0,05) no GMD e no CMS e demais nutrientes. O tempo de ingestão aumentou com o incremento de glicerina bruta nas dietas. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o tempo gasto na ruminação e digestibilidade da MS, PB e FDN, contudo, houve efeito quadrático para a digestibilidade do EE. Recomenda-se a inclusão em até 12% de glicerina bruta para cabritos em terminação, em situações de oscilação do preço do milho, sem alteração nos parâmetros produtivos avaliado

Fatty acid profile, chemical composition, and sensory effects of crude glycerin on the longissimus dorsi of crossbred Boer goat kids

The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the fatty acid profile, chemical composition, and sensory effects of crude glycerin on the longissimus dorsi muscle of crossbred Boer goat kids. Twenty crossbred Boer goat kids (20.8±2.9 kg of BW at slaughter) were used in a completely randomized block design to determine the effect of partial replacement of corn by crude glycerin on chemical composition, longissimus dorsi muscle fatty acid profile, and sensory characteristics of meat. Kids were penned individually for 51 d and fed an isonitrogenous (140.0±2.0 g.kg-1 CP, DM basis) diet composed of 700 g.kg-1 concentrate and 300 g.kg-1 Tifton (Cynodon sp.) hay. Increasing levels of crude glycerin (80.0 g/100 g glycerol, DM basis) were 0, 40, 80 or 120 g.kg-1. There was no effect on the moisture, protein, or total lipids in the longissimus dorsi; however, the ash content decreased linearly with glycerin addition. Linear decrease for linoleic acid (3.57, 2.84, 3.76, and 2.33) and ω6:ω3 ratio (10.61, 9.71, 7.26, and 7.18 for CG0, CG40, CG80 and CG120, respectively) was observed with crude glycerin inclusion. Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not affected by treatments. In the sensory assessment, crude glycerin changed the toughness, color intensity, and overall appreciation of the longissimus dorsi muscle. The partial replacement of corn by crude glycerin has a low impact on chemical composition and meat fatty acid profile. Based on the overall appreciation, it is recommended to include 80 g.kg-1 crude glycerin in the diet

Carbohydrate and protein fractioning of grass silages with added dehydrated brewery residue

This study aimed to measure the carbohydrate and protein fractioning of silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (BBS). The experiment was a completely randomized design with five treatments and five repetitions to evaluate the inclusion of dehydrated brewery residue (DBR) to Marandu grass silage at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% fresh matter basis. The DBR inclusion resulted in a linear reduction (P<0.05) of total carbohydrate content, which decreased 0.35% per unit of residue added. The content of fraction B2 decreased linearly as DBR was added (P<0.05). Nitrogen content increased linearly when residue was added to silage of Marandu grass (P<005). Fraction A, obtained from Marandu grass, presented a linear increasing behavior according to the inclusion of DBR. This inclusion promoted a linear decrease (P<0.05) of fraction B1+B2, which resulted in a 0.37% reduction for each 1% of byproduct added. Dehydrated brewery residue is a good source of additives for ensiling Marandu grass, by considerably improving fractions of proteins and carbohydrates. The level of addition of 40% is recommended for providing better nutritional value to silage.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir el fraccionamiento de carbohidratos y proteínas del ensilaje de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (BBS). El experimento fue un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones para evaluar la inclusión de residuos de cervezas deshidratadas (DBR) en ensilaje de hierba Marandu en niveles de 0, 10, 20, 30 y 40% de materia fresca. La inclusión de DBR resultó en una reducción lineal (P <0.05) del contenido total de carbohidratos, que disminuyó 0.35% por unidad de residuo agregado. El contenido de la fracción B2 disminuyó linealmente a medida que se agregaba DBR (P<0.05). El contenido de nitrógeno aumentó linealmente cuando se añadió residuo al ensilaje del pasto Marandu (P <005). La fracción A, obtenida del pasto Marandu, presentó un comportamiento de aumento lineal de acuerdo con la inclusión de DBR. Esta inclusión promovió una disminución lineal (P<0.05) de la fracción B1 + B2, que resultó en una reducción de 0.37% por cada 1% de subproducto agregado. Los residuos de cervecería deshidratada son una buena fuente de aditivos para ensilar el pasto Marandu, mejorando considerablemente las fracciones de proteínas y carbohidratos. Se recomienda un nivel de adición del 40% para proporcionar un mejor valor nutritivo al ensilaje

Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis multicamadas produzidos com partículas de coco babaçu e de Pinus sp.

O resíduo proveniente do processo de extração da amêndoa do coco da palmeira de babaçu pode ser uma matéria-prima alternativa para o setor de painéis aglomerados no Brasil. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho investigar as propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis particulados de multicamadas produzidos a partir de biomassa de epicarpo (EP) e endocarpo (EN) do coco babaçu (Orbygnia phalerata Mart), residuais do processo de extração do óleo das amêndoas de babaçu, associados ou não às partículas de maravalha de Pinus sp. (MP). Os fatores experimentais investigados consistiram nas proporções em massa de partículas secas de epicarpo, endocarpo e Pinus sp.: EP100 (100% EP); EP50P50 (50% EP associado à 50% MP); END100 (100% EN) e END50P50 (50% EN associado à 50% MP) aglutinados com resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona com um teor de 12% na camada interna e 15% nas camadas externas, em função do peso seco das partículas. A pesquisa foi conduzida em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro tratamentos e vinte repetições. A caracterização das propriedades físicas (densidade aparente, inchamento em espessura e absorção de água) e mecânicas (adesão interna, módulo de elasticidade e módulo de ruptura na flexão estática) foi realizada com base nas prescrições estabelecidas pela Norma Técnica NBR 14810. Os painéis produzidos com epicarpo de babaçu apresentaram resultados de propriedades físico-mecânicas superiores aos produzidos com endocarpo de babaçu, e que a inclusão de partículas da Pinus sp. acarretou em uma redução substancial da absorção de água e aumento nas propriedades mecânicas

Babassu mesocarp flour in diet of finishing lambs

Twenty crossbred lambs (21.6 ± 3.5 kg BW) were used in a completely randomised design to determine the effects of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance and ingestive behaviour. The treatments were defined by the increase in concentrations (0, 10, 20 or 30%, in DM basis) of BMF in the diet. When significant treatments effects were found, orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses were determined by linear and quadratic responses (p < .05). To determine the in situ ruminal degradability of the diets used in performance trial, one rumen-fistulated Santa Inês male sheep (63 kg BW) was used in a completely randomised design in a split splot arrangement with three replications (three periods of incubation) in times 3, 6, 24 and 72 h. Data from potential degradability (PD), dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability for diets and the incubation time were compared by t-test (p < .05). Negative quadratic effect was observed upon nutrients intake, except for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. The average daily gain, body condition score, feeding efficiency of DM and time spent in feeding decreased linearly with BMF addition. The BMF decreased the soluble fraction (a) potentially degradable fraction (b) PD, effective degradability of DM and CP and the NDF degradability. The addition of BMF in diets of sheep had negative effects on performance, feed efficiency of DM and degradability of DM, CP and NDF. However, the BMF can be used in diets, during the conventional grains off-season, at concentration up to 10.5% as alternative feed. Highlights • The mesocarp produced from industrialization of the babassu coconut has a great content of fiber and lignin. • The great content of fiber associated to decrease in degradation of fiber and potential degradability in DM and CP reduced the performance of lambs. • Although the reduction of the performance, BMF can partially replace the corn in diets of lambs in periods that the price of this ingredient is great

Intake, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Ruminal Constituents of Crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês Sheep Fed Diets with Babassu Mesocarp Flour

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal constituents of sheep in response to the addition of increasing levels of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) to the diet. Twenty crossbred sheep (29.17±2.23 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were confined for 21 days, with 16 days for diet adaptation and 5 days for data collection, in which they were fed an isonitrogenous diet (16.5±0.2 CP, DM basis) containing 70% of concentrate and 30% (DM basis) of Tifton 85 hay. Increasing levels of BMF were 0, 10, 20, and 30% (DM basis). There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05) on the DM intake, nutrients intake, and digestibility of CP and NFC. The digestibility of DM, OM, TC, and NDF decreased linearly, while EE digestibility increased linearly with increasing levels of BMF. The high NDF content presented in the chemical composition of the babassu mesocarp flour ranked the same as fibrous food, which can limit the inclusion in the diet of high production animals. So, babassu mesocarp flour is an alternative for energy source in lambs feed and can be added at levels up to 10%

Influência do pastejo e da precipitação sobre a fenologia de quatro espécies em área de caatinga

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar o efeito do pastejo caprino sobre a fenologia do marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg.), catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tull.), malva (Malva sylvestris L.) e pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.) em área de caatinga no Cariri paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Bacia-Escola pertencente à UFPB, São João do Cariri, PB, no ano de 2008. Foram monitoradas cinco plantas por piquete, com leituras semanais, num total de 28 no período de 05/03/2008 a 19/10/2008, observando-se as seguintes variáveis: número total de folhas, folhas verdes, folhas amarelas, folhas secas, frutos e flores.Os tratamentos consistiram em três taxas de lotação e foram distribuídos em três piquetes: T1 (3,1 an/ha), T2 (1,5 an/ha) e T3 (0 an/ha). Para análise dos dados, agruparam-se as leituras por datas nas respectivas semanas. Foi verificado efeito do pastejo sobre os parâmetros fenológicos observados, notadamente no tratamento com maior taxa de lotação, para as espécies do marmeleiro e da malva, ocasionando redução antecipada do total de folhas, flores e frutos, promovendo alteração na fenologia dessas espécies. Observou-se menor efeito do pastejo sobre a fenologia do pereiro, e não foi verificado efeito sobre a catingueira. Notou-se que os pulsos de precipitação foram suficientes para desencadear os eventos fenológicos nas espécies. A precipitação interferiu no comportamento fenológico das espécies, desencadeando o período de brotamento logo após os primeiros eventos de chuvas, bem como a floração e frutificação, acontecendo em meados do período chuvoso. A queda de folhas ocorre logo após o término do período chuvoso na catingueira, marmeleiro e malva, sendo mais persistente no pereiro