Cobertura Vacinal Infantil No Estado De Goiás: Um Estudo Ecológico

Os imunobiológicos conseguem proteger as pessoas através de uma resposta imune estimulada ou através da imunidade de rebanho. Há existência de estudos que demonstraram queda nas taxas de imunização, e para que se haja êxito na prevenção de doenças imunopreveníveis, é necessário altas taxas de cobertura e administração na idade correta. A fim de obter sucesso, surge o Programa Nacional de Imunização, que através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) disponibiliza os imunizantes, além disso, desenvolve programas e campanhas com intuito de atingir as metas necessárias para desenvolver proteção contra as enfermidades. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a cobertura vacinal, dos imunobiológicos disponíveis no SUS, de crianças e adolescentes, no estado de Goiás entre os anos de 2019 a 2021. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico sobre a cobertura vacinal dos imunobiológicos da caderneta de vacinação da criança. Os dados serão extraídos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), utilizando o Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Os dados serão agrupados por município e pela cobertura vacinal de acordo com os imunobiológicos para posteriormente realizar comparações. Dessa maneira, espera-se que o estudo dissemine informações acerca de distribuição, administração e adesão dos imunizantes, pelo público analisado, em caráter de comparação entre os anos de 2019 a 2021, nos municípios goianos

Sexualidade e Idosos: uma visão da Educação em Saúde

A perspectiva acerca da sexualidade e o exercício desta por idosos é entremeada por pré-conceitos e por tabus. Objetivou-se neste estudo a identificação da importância da educação em saúde na relação dos idosos com a sexualidade no Brasil. Trata-se de uma mini revisão integrativa de literatura, em que foram utilizados os descritores “Educação em Saúde”, “Idosos” e “Sexualidade” juntos ao operador booleano “AND”, somado com os filtros “texto completo”, “idioma: português”, “assunto principal: sexualidade” e “intervalo de publicação: últimos 5 anos”. Foram encontrados nove artigos no banco de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, que foram posteriormente analisados e selecionados cinco destes, conforme critérios de inclusão: temática e relevância. Constatou-se a convergência da metodologia aplicada por meio de entrevistas, além da abordagem das perspectivas anteriores e posteriores à intervenção entre os artigos selecionados. A perspectiva anterior à intervenção dos idosos estava relacionada sobretudo à genitalidade, de forma reducionista e restrita ao ato sexual, como também uma visão configurada aos jovens. Além disso, também foram apuradas informações que evidenciam que a maioria dos idosos não conhecem, ou pouco conhecem, sobre a importância da prevenção em relações sexuais, sendo um dos motivos para a alta prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Após a intervenção, foi relatado a amplificação da sexualidade, auxiliando aos idosos numa compreensão holística da sexualidade, expressa pelo ser homem e o ser mulher, tal como a libertação de tabus. Diante disso, foi identificado a necessidade e relevância da abordagem dessa temática, de modo que permita aos idosos o empoderamento e o acesso ao conhecimento, assim como a pertinência de se proteger para evitar possíveis infecções

ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA DAS DOENÇAS EXANTEMÁTICAS NA INFÂNCIA

The involvement of children by exanthematous disease is one of the most common conditions in medical practice, often imposing diagnostic difficulties. Several conditions can lead to rash, with infectious causes being responsible for more than 70% of episodes. Most rashes are self-limiting, however, the correct identification of the etiology is clinically important due to the severity and worsening of the prognosis in case of delay in diagnosis in some cases, and for public health, given the potential for contagion from infectious causes. The clinical nonspecificity of exanthematous diseases requires a systematic approach to their diagnosis that includes the collection of complete anamnesis and a broad and careful physical examination. These are the main instruments for diagnostic elucidation, also allowing guidance for laboratory diagnostic conduct. This article aims to describe the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of exanthemas, emphasizing that anamnesis and physical examination are the main tools to aid in the differential diagnosis and consequent management of patients affected by exanthematous disease in childhood.O acometimento de crianças por doença exantemática é um dos quadros mais comuns da prática médica, impondo dificuldade diagnóstica frequentemente. Diversas condições podem cursar com exantema, sendo que as causas infecciosas são responsáveis por mais de 70 % dos episódios. A maior parte dos exantemas são autolimitados, todavia a correta identificação da etiologia tem importância clínica pela gravidade e piora do prognóstico em caso de atraso no diagnóstico em alguns casos, e para a saúde pública, tendo em vista o potencial de contágio das causas infecciosas. A inespecificidade clínica das doenças exantemáticas exige uma abordagem sistemática para o seu diagnóstico que inclui a coleta de anamnese completa e exame físico amplo e cuidadoso. Esses são os principais instrumentos para a elucidação diagnóstica, permitindo igualmente a orientação para a conduta diagnóstica laboratorial. Esse artigo tem o objetivo de descrever as principais características clínico-epidemiológicas dos exantemas, enfatizando que a anamnese e o exame físico são as principais ferramentas para auxílio no diagnóstico diferencial e consequente manejo do paciente acometido por doença exantemática na infância. &nbsp

Helicobacter pylori infection in infants and toddlers in South America: concordance between [¹³C] urea breath test and monoclonal H. pylori stool antigen test

Accurate noninvasive tests for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in very young children are strongly required. We investigated the agreement between the [¹³C] urea breath test ([¹³C]UBT) and a monoclonal ELISA (HpSA) for detection of H. pylori antigen in stool. From October 2007 to July 2011, we enrolled 414 infants (123 from Brazil and 291 from Peru) of ages 6 to 30 months. Breath and stool samples were obtained at intervals of at least 3 months from Brazilian (n = 415) and Peruvian (n = 908) infants. [¹³C]UBT and stool test results concurred with each other in 1,255 (94.86%) cases (kappa coefficient = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 0.92). In the H. pylori-positive group, delta-over-baseline (DOB) and optical density (OD) values were positively correlated (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). The positivity of the tests was higher (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 6.01; 95% CI = 4.50 to 8.04) in Peru (546/878; 62.2%) than in Brazil (81/377; 21.5%) and increased with increasing age in Brazil (P = 0.02), whereas in Peru it decreased with increasing age (P < 0.001). The disagreement between the test results was associated with birth in Brazil and female gender but not with age and diarrhea. Our results suggest that both [¹³C]UBT and the stool monoclonal test are reliable for diagnosing H. pylori infection in very young children, which will facilitate robust epidemiological studies in infants and toddlers

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance. The overuse of antimicrobials is widely accepted as a major driver of some emerging infections (such as C. difficile), the selection of resistant pathogens in individual patients, and for the continued development of antimicrobial resistance globally. The growing emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the limited development of new agents available to counteract them have caused an impending crisis with alarming implications, especially with regards to Gram-negative bacteria. An international task force from 79 different countries has joined this project by sharing a document on the rational use of antimicrobials for patients with IAIs. The project has been termed AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections). The authors hope that AGORA, involving many of the world's leading experts, can actively raise awareness in health workers and can improve prescribing behavior in treating IAIs

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: One-Year Follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Declines in stroke admission, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy over a one-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020). METHODS We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, intravenous thrombolysis treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. RESULTS There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the one-year immediately before compared to 138,453 admissions during the one-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% confidence interval [95% CI 7.1, 6.9]; p<0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8%, [5.1, 4.6]; p<0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1%, [6.4, 5.8]; p<0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high volume compared to low volume centers (all p<0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7%, [0.6,0.9]; p=0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31,1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82,2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations. DISCUSSION There was a global decline and shift to lower volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION This study is registered under NCT04934020