A Case of Diode Laser Photocoagulation in the Treatment of Choroidal Metastasis of Breast Carcinoma

To report a single case of improvement on choroidal metastasis of breast cancer after laser photocoagulation. A 52-year-old female patient who complained of visual disturbance of the right eye with multiple states of metastasis of breast carcinoma. On initial examination, the right best-corrected visual acuity was 0.63. Right fundoscopy revealed an elevated mass-like lesion temporal to the macule with serous retinal detachment. The mass had a 3.5-disc diameter. A right fluorescein angiogram revealed hypofluorescence during the prearterial and arteriovenous phase and hyperfluorescence during the venous phase. The venous phase showed almost total masking of background choroidal fluorescence at the elevated lesion because of leakage and neovascularization. The patient was treated 4 times by diode laser photocoagulation in addition to chemotherapy. Fifty days after the diode laser treatments, the funduscopy examination and fluorescein angiogram revealed that the serous retinal detachment had been absorbed, the choroid had become flat, the lesion had been reduced in size and hyperfluorescence. The right best-corrected visual acuity was improved to 0.8. Laser photocoagulation appears not to cause any problems for the patient and may be an efficient treatment for patients with choroidal breast carcinoma

Lima Bean

According to the taxonomy, the bean belongs to the genus Phaseolus, which includes approximately 35 species of which 4 are cultivated: P. vulgaris L.; P. lunatus L.; P. coccineus L., and P. acutifolius L. (Arias-Restrepo et al. 2007). Phaseolus lunatus L. belongs to the Fabaceae family, and there are two domesticated genetic stocks from two different wild forms with two seed morphologies, small and large (Debouk 2019). The small seeds are known as ib., patashete and futuna (Yucatan, Chiapas, and Jalapa, Mexico, respectively), caballero bean (Cuba), ixtapacal (Guatemala), chilipuca (El Salvador), haba (Puerto Rico and Panama), sieva and comba (Colombia), and guaracaro (Venezuela), among others. The large seeds are known as lima, layo and pallar (Peru), torta (Colombia), palato (Bolivia), and manteotto (Argentina) (Debouk 2019). It is proposed that P. lunatus could have originated in the Neotropical region of America, ranging from Mexico to Chile, passing through the Andean region of Peru. It is believed that its origin is found in Guatemala since in this area the wild progenitor of this species was found; on the other hand, molecular studies propose that its origin is found in the Andean zone and that its distribution throughout the Americas was given by domestication (FAO 2018)