83 research outputs found
Complement fixation with horsesickness viruses
Fixation of complement bas been obtained using antigens prepared from
suckling mouse brains and antisera from hyperimmune guinea-pigs.
With horsesickness viruses the complement fixation test is less type specific
than the neutralization test and no antigenic differentiation between the seven
heterotypic strains tested was possible.
The value of the complement fixation test in the diagnosis of the disease is
discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Immunological types of horsesickness virus and their significance in immunization
1.
A
brief
review
is
given
of
the
epizootiology
of
horse
sickness,
the
antigenic
plurality
of
the
virus
strains,
and
the
history
of
the
control
of
the
disease
by
immunization.
2.
It is
often
not possible
to
isolate
virus
directly
in
mice
from
cases
of
horse sickness
in
immunized
horses.
3.
The
usefulness
of
the
ferret,
and
possibly
the
dog,
for
the
isolation
of
virus
from
such
horses
was
demonstrated.
4.
Immunological
studies
on 42
mouse-adapted horsesickness
virus strains
were
conducted.
5.
For
these
studies
an intracerebral
neutralization
test
in
mice
was
used.
Hyperimmune
sera
from
rabbits
were
mainly
used
in
the
tests.
6.
Cross-neutralization
tests
with
rabbit
antisera
were
carried
out
on
the
eight
virus
strains
included
in
the
present
vaccine
issued
from
Onderstepoort
and
16
strains
recently
isolated
from
cases
of
horsesickness
in
immunized
horses.
7.
This
series
of
tests
showed
that
the
virus
strains
could
be
grouped
into seven
immunological
types.
It
was
also
evident
that
some
immunized
horses
become
infected
with
strains
of
the
same
immunological
type
as
the
vaccine
strains.
8.
Using
type
rabbit
antisera
a
further
series
of
neutralization
tests
was
conducted
on
18
other
horsesickness
virus
strains.
These
tests
showed
that
these
strains
also
could
be
grouped
within
the
same
immunological
types.
9.
It
was
shown
that
four
recently
isolated
strains
belonging
to
the
same
immunological
type
were
not
represented
in
the
present
Onderstepoort
vaccine.
10.
A
limited
number
of
neutralization tests
with
ferret antisera
supported
the
antigenic
grouping
as
revealed
by
the
tests
with
rabbit
antisera.
11.
A
serological
study
of
sera
obtained
from
eight
immunized
horses
reacting
to
horsesickness
was
made.
12.
Viruses
isolated
from
each
of
these
horses
were
included
in
the
cross-neutralization
tests
which
showed
that
seven
of
these
viruses
are
of
the
same
immunological
type
as the
vaccine
strains.
13.
High
level
antibody
against
all
the
vaccine
strains
was
shown
to
be
present
in
sera
from
seven
horses.
14.
It
was
concluded
that
these
particular
failures
in
immunity
were
not
due
to
inadequate
immunization
but
were
apparently
the
result
of
slight
antigenic
differences
between
the
infecting
virus
and
the
vaccine
strains.
15.
The
significance
of
the
antigenic
grouping
based
on
the
mouse
neutralization
test
to
immunity
in
equidae
is
discussed.
16.
It
is
believed
that
this
antigenic
grouping
has
a
definite
relationship
to
immunity
in
these
animals.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Une enquete des Faunes de Moustiques et de Culicoides dans deux localites de la region du Karoo en Afrique du Sud avec certaines observations Ecologiques
The mosquito and Culicoides faunas were surveyed at Bethulie and
Luckhoff in the arid Karoo region, southern Orange Free State, to
determine which species occurred, their relative prevalence and the
effects of rainfall. The feeding preferences of these insects were also
investigated by means of baited catches. Twenty-three mosquito
species and 16 Culicoides species were collected. The commonest
mosquito species, with their feeding preferences, if known, were as follows: Culex (Culex) univittatus Theo and Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus, which are strongly ornithophilic and poorly anthropophilic; Culex (Culex) theileriTheo, which feeds on sheep and man avidly but is only moderately ornithophilic; Aedes (Neomelaniconion) luridus McIntosh, Aedes (Neomelaniconion) lineatopennis (Ludlow), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caballus (Theo) and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) juppi
McIntosh, all of which feed on sheep and man readily and which can aestivate as eggs for up to 20 months but only appear in numbers after rain; Anopheles (Cellia) listeri De Meillon, Anopheles (Cellia) squamosus Theo, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say and Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart). By far the commonest Culicoides at both localities was Culicoides pycnostictus Ingram & Macfie, which is strongly ornithophilic and also feeds on sheep. The following 5 species were also prevalent: Culicoides similis Carter,Ingram & Macfie, Culicoides spec. nov. 1., Culicoides schultzei (Enderlein), Culicoides ondersteportensis Fiedler and Culicoides nivosus De Meillon. The last species is strongly ornithophilic.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Isolation in mice and embryonated hen's eggs of a virus associated with vaginitis of cattle
From infected material obtained from various herds virus has been isolated
in several instances in developing hen's eggs, and in one instance also in mice.
The strain which could be propagated in both mice and eggs was taken
25 generations by intracerebral passage in mice. In early passages day-old mice
were used but later passage was continued in adult mice. In these, mortality
occurred regularly after three to four days. Gradocol membrane filtration indicated
that the particle diameter was Jess than 100 mµ.
In developing hen's eggs this strain was propagated for twelve generations
by chorio-allantoic membrane passage. Definite lesions on the membrane were
observed and occasional embryos died. Subsequent passages were made by the
injection of infected embryo material into the yolk sac. In this way the virus
was readily maintained a further ten generations, at which stage it regularly killed all embryos.
Cows and heifers infected with material from both the mouse and egg
propagated lines of this strain showed definite, though mild, symptoms of
vaginitis.
The possibility of various forms of vaginitis occurring in bovines as well as
the relation of this virus to these conditions is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
An online digital archive of magnetograms from 1846 to 1987
The magnetic measurements from current UK observatories, together with those from their historical predecessors, provide some of the longest running continuous sets of geophysical observations in the world. A campaign to capture high quality digital images of >300,000 analogue magnetograms (front and back) was completed in 2013, with every single image now available to search, view and download from the on-line archive at www.bgs.ac.uk/data/magnetograms. In parallel with the capture of the magnetograms, the related published yearbooks were scanned and are available online as PDF documents at www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/data/yearbooks/yearbooks.html. This work has helped to ensure that these valuable long-term data sets are not lost, irrespective of what may happen in the future to the original photographic paper records. The additional benefit of immediate worldwide access to the data contained within these historic documents has also been established.
In this paper we present the BGS OpenGeoscience service, which the magnetogram image archive forms part of. We also show some results of on-going work to acquire digital data from the images and the yearbooks. We discuss past and potential future use of the data for scientific research, such as space weather studies of the magnetograms during the period of the Carrington storm and studies into the homogeneity of long term geomagnetic activity indices that are used in space climate research
Energetics of the Einstein-Rosen spacetime
A study covering some aspects of the Einstein--Rosen metric is presented. The
electric and magnetic parts of the Weyl tensor are calculated. It is shown that
there are no purely magnetic E--R spacetimes, and also that a purely electric
E--R spacetime is necessarily static. The geodesics equations are found and
circular ones are analyzed in detail. The super--Poynting and the
``Lagrangian'' Poynting vectors are calculated and their expressions are found
for two specific examples. It is shown that for a pulse--type solution, both
expressions describe an inward radially directed flow of energy, far behind the
wave front. The physical significance of such an effect is discussed.Comment: 19 pages Latex.References added and updated.To appear in
Int.J.Theor.Phy
The spiritual organization: critical reflections on the instrumentality of workplace spirituality
Authors' draft of article. Final version published by Routledge in Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion available online at: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14766086.aspThis paper offers a theoretical contribution to the current debate on workplace spirituality by: (a) providing a selective critical review of scholarship, research and corporate practices which treat workplace spirituality in performative terms, that is, as a resource or means to be manipulated instrumentally and appropriated for economic ends; (b) extending Ezioni’s analysis of complex organizations and proposing a new category, the ‘spiritual organization’, and; (c) positing three alternative positions with respect to workplace spirituality that follow from the preceding critique. The spiritual organization can be taken to represent the development of a trajectory of social technologies that have sought, incrementally, to control the bodies, minds, emotions and souls of employees. Alternatively, it might be employed to conceptualize the way in which employees use the workplace as a site for pursuing their own spiritualities (a reverse instrumentalism). Finally, we consider the possible incommensurability of ‘work organization’ and ‘spirituality’ discourses
Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ASD susceptibility, but to date no individual variants have been robustly associated with ASD. With a marked sample-size increase from a unique Danish population resource, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 individuals with ASD and 27,969 controls that identified five genome-wide-significant loci. Leveraging GWAS results from three phenotypes with significantly overlapping genetic architectures (schizophrenia, major depression, and educational attainment), we identified seven additional loci shared with other traits at equally strict significance levels. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we found both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across ASD subtypes. These results highlight biological insights, particularly relating to neuronal function and corticogenesis, and establish that GWAS performed at scale will be much more productive in the near term in ASD.Peer reviewe
Genome-wide association study identifies 30 Loci Associated with Bipolar Disorder
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) founding member and Bipolar disorder working group co-chair Pamela Sklar. We thank the participants who donated their time, experiences and DNA to this research, and to the clinical and scientific teams that worked with them. We are deeply indebted to the investigators who comprise the PGC. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of any funding or regulatory body. Analyses were carried out on the NL Genetic Cluster Computer (http://www.geneticcluster.org ) hosted by SURFsara, and the Mount Sinai high performance computing cluster (http://hpc.mssm.edu).Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P<1x10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (GWS, p < 5x10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not GWS in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis 30 loci were GWS including 20 novel loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene-sets including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. BDI is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas BDII is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential new biological mechanisms for BD.This work was funded in part by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Stanley Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Fund L.L.C., Marriot Foundation and the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, the NIMH Intramural Research Program; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; the UK Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR, NRS, MRC, Wellcome Trust; European Research Council; German Ministry for Education and Research, German Research Foundation IZKF of Münster, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, ImmunoSensation, the Dr. Lisa-Oehler Foundation, University of Bonn; the Swiss National Science Foundation; French Foundation FondaMental and ANR; Spanish Ministerio de Economía, CIBERSAM, Industria y Competitividad, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Generalitat de Catalunya, EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; BBMRI-NL; South-East Norway Regional Health Authority and Mrs. Throne-Holst; Swedish Research Council, Stockholm County Council, Söderström Foundation; Lundbeck Foundation, Aarhus University; Australia NHMRC, NSW Ministry of Health, Janette M O'Neil and Betty C Lynch
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