Popromienne guzy opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych. Opis ośmiu przypadków i przegląd piśmiennictwa

Background and purpose Despite their rarity, post-radiation meningeal tumours seem to be a growing problem due to the increasing application of radiation therapy. The aim of the study was to ascertain the specific features of these tumours. Material and methods Among 433 intracranial meningeal tumours treated from 2000 to 2008, eight cases (2%) have been presumed to be associated with high-dose therapeutic radiation for previous neoplasm of the head (7) or neck (1). On average, tumours were diagnosed 24 years after irradiation. All patients had a solitary meningeal tumour, but two of them also developed other neoplasms in the irradiated area. Results All tumours were microsurgically removed. The postoperative course was uncomplicated in two cases only. In the remaining 6 (75%), complications included liquorrhoea (2), brain oedema (1), venous thrombosis (1), bleeding into the tumour bed (1) and focal deficit due to manipulation (3). Most tumours (5) were WHO grade I meningiomas. These benign meningiomas exhibited some peculiar histological features, including focal increase of cellularity, focal enhancement of proliferation index, pleomorphism of nuclei, occasional mitotic figures and, in one case, evidence of brain invasion. One meningioma was assigned to WHO grade II, one to WHO grade III and one appeared to be meningeal fibrosarcoma. The event-free survival and overall survival rate at 4.4 years of follow-up were 63% and 75%, respectively. Conclusions Radiation-induced tumours of the meninges show certain characteristic histopathological features, which may promote invasiveness of the tumour and higher risk of malignancy.Wstęp i cel pracy Popromienne guzy opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych – mimo że stwierdzane rzadko – wydają się narastającym problemem ze względu na szerokie zastosowanie radioterapii. Celem pracy jest charakterystyka kliniczna i histopatologiczna tych guzów. Materiał i metody Spośród 433 śródczaszkowych guzów oponowych operowanych w latach 2000–2008, w 8 przypadkach (2%) stwierdzono związek pomiędzy powstaniem guza a przebytą radioterapią z powodu nowotworów głowy (7) i szyi (1). Guzy popromienne były rozpoznawane średnio po 24 latach od napromieniania. U wszystkich pacjentów wystąpiły pojedyncze guzy opon, ale u 2 dodatkowo pojawiły się inne nowotwory w obszarze napromienianym. Wyniki Wszystkie guzy były leczone mikrochirurgicznie. Przebieg pooperacyjny bez powikłań obserwowano tylko u 2 pacjentów. U pozostałych 6 (75%) komplikacje pooperacyjne obejmowały: płynotok (2), obrzęk mózgu (1), zakrzepicę żylną mózgu (1), krwawienie do loży pooperacyjnej (1) oraz ogniskowe deficyty neurologiczne wskutek manipulacji (3). W większości przypadków (5) stwierdzono oponiaki o niskim stopniu złośliwości histologicznej (I stopień wg WHO), które jednak wykazywały szczególne cechy histopatologiczne: ogniskowy wzrost zagęszczenia komórkowego i podwyższony indeks proliferacyjny, pleomorfizm jąder komórkowych, pojedyncze figury podziałów mitotycznych oraz, w jednym przypadku, cechy naciekania mózgu. W jednym przypadku rozpoznano oponiaka II stopnia wg WHO, w jednym III stopnia wg WHO i w jednym włókniakomięsaka opon. Przeżycie wolne od zdarzeń i przeżycie całkowite w okresie obserwacji trwającym 4,4 roku wyniosły odpowiednio 63% i 75%. Wnioski Popromienne guzy opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych wykazują znamienne cechy histopatologiczne, które mogą sprzyjać większej inwazyjności i złośliwości tych guzów

Trigone ventricular meningiomas — clinical characteristics, histopathology and results of surgical treatment

Aim of the study. Intraventricular meningiomas (IVMs) are rare tumours accounting for 0.5–3.0% of all meningiomas. IVMs require different surgical approaches and preparation in deep brain areas. The aim of our study was to present the clinico- -histopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of trigone IVMs in a series of 15 patients. Materials and methods. Eight women and seven men (mean age 52) with 15 trigone IVMs were retrospectively analysed. Patients presented with headache (47%), psychoorganic syndrome (40%), hemianopsia (33%) or paresis (20%), including three (20%) patients with Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) < 80. Mean tumour size was 55.2 mm (range: 30–100 mm). Results. Gross total tumour resection was performed in 14 (93%) cases, and subtotal in one (7%). A new deficit appeared in 83% (5/6) following a transparietal approach, in 14% (1/7) following a transtemporal approach, and in none of two patients following a transoccipital approach. Postoperative complications occurred in six (40%) patients; no patient died, but in two (13%) the new deficit was permanent. Tumour re-growth was found in two (13%) patients after 14 and 31 months. Meningiomas of WHO grade I occurred in 12, grade II in three, and grade III in one tumour recurrence. In long-term follow-up (mean: 60.8 months), including the results of revision operations, KPS: 80–100 was in 13 (87%) patients, KPS: 50 in one (severe hemiparesis after revision) and one patient was lost to follow-up (KPS: 100 on discharge). Conclusions. 20% of IVMs in our series were atypical. The results of surgery for IVMs, although satisfactory in general, require further improvement by reducing the rate of focal deficits resulting from a surgical approach

Production and preliminary characteristics of polyclonal antibodies specific to SSTR2A and SSTR5 receptors in pituitary

Wzrastające zainteresowanie receptorami somatostatyny (SSTR) wynika przede wszystkim z ich udziału w regulacji sekrecji hormonów oraz roli, jaką odgrywają w leczeniu analogami somatostatyny pacjentów z guzami przysadki. Skuteczność takiego leczenia uzależniona jest miedzy innymi od ekspresji na poziomie białkowym danego receptora w tkance, do określenia której konieczne są swoiste przeciwciała. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiliśmy założenia konieczne do otrzymywania oraz wstępną charakterystykę szeregu poliklonalnych przeciwciał skierowanych przeciwko części wewnątrzkomórkowej C-końca oraz zewnątrzkomórkowej N-końca receptorów SSTR-2A i SSTR-5. Przeciwciała te wykazywały wysoką swoistość w stosunku do peptydów użytych do immunizacji zwierząt, niskie wiązanie krzyżowe z innymi peptydami sekwencji aminokwasowej receptorów oraz reagowały z receptorami SSTR2A i SSTR5 w immunoblotingu i immunohistochemii.Pozytywna weryfikacja specyficzności otrzymanych przeciwciał pozwoliłaby na zwiększenie możliwości badawczych dotyczących struktury i posttranslacyjnych modyfikacji SSTR oraz częściowe uniezależnienie od rynku komercyjnego.The increasing interest in somatostatin receptors (SSTR) is mainly due to their involvement in the regulation of hormone secretion and the role in somatostatin analogue treatment of patients with pituitary adenomas. The efficiency of this treatment is highly dependent on receptor expression in tissue which on the protein level requires specific anti-receptor antibodies for testing.In this paper we introduced the principles for the production of several polyclonal antibodies specific for C-terminal intracellular part or N-terminal extracellular part of SSTR2A and SSTR5 receptors. The antibodies were highly specific for peptides used for immunization of animals, had low cross-reaction activities for other SSTR2A and SSTR5 peptides and reacted with receptors on immunoblots and in immunohistochemistry. The final verification of the antibodies’ specificity would allow us to perform the research concerning the structure and posttranslational modifications of SSTR and avoid dependency of commercial sources

Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau Tumour Suppressor Gene in Central Nervous System Hemangioblastomas

Central nervous system hemangioblastomas (cHAB) are rare tumours which most commonly arise in the cerebellum. Most tumours are sporadic, but as many as one third of cHABs occur in the course of the hereditary disorder - von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). In order to diagnose new VHL families in Poland we performed sequencing of the entire VHL gene in archival material (paraffin embedded hemangioblastoma tissues) in a large series of 203 unselected patients with cHAB. VHL gene mutations were detected in 70 (41%) of 171 tumour samples from which DNA of relatively good quality was isolated. We were able to obtain blood samples from 19 of mutation positive cases. Eight (42%) of these harboured germline mutations in persons from distinct undiagnosed VHL families

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe