Analysis of the dust evolution in the circumstellar disks of TTauri stars

We present a compositional analysis of 8-13um spectra of 32 young stellar objects (YSOs). Our sample consists of 5 intermediate-mass stars and 27 low-mass stars. While the spectra and first scientific results have already been published by Przygodda et al. (2003) and Kessler-Silacci et al. (2004) we perform a more detailed analysis of the 10um silicate feature. In our analysis we assume that this emission feature can be represented by a linear superposition of the wavelength-dependent opacity $\kappa_{\rm abs}(\lambda)$ describing the optical properties of silicate grains with different chemical composition, structure, and grain size. The determination of an adequate fitting equation is another goal of this study. Using a restricted number of fitting parameters we investigate which silicate species are necessary for the compositional fitting. Particles with radii of 0.1um- and 1.5um consisting of amorphous olivine and pyroxene, forsterite, enstatite, and quartz have been considered. Only compact, homogeneous dust grains have been used in the presented fitting procedures. In this context we show that acceptable fitting results can also be achieved if emission properties of porous silicate grains are considered instead. Although some previous studies give reasons for the similarity between the dust in circumstellar disks of TTauri stars and Herbig Ae/Be stars, a quantitative comparison has been missing, so far. Therefore, we conclude with a discussion of the results of a 10um spectroscopic survey of van Boekel et al. (2005) who focus on Herbig Ae/Be stars, the higher mass counterparts of T Tauri stars and draw comparisons to this and other studies. We find that the results of our study of T Tauri systems partly agree with previous studies of Herbig Ae/Be stars.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Dust Properties of Protoplanetary Disks in the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region from Millimeter Wavelengths

We present the most sensitive 3 mm-survey to date of protoplanetary disks carried in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region (average rms of about 0.3 mJy), using the IRAM PdBI. With our high detection rate of 17/19, we provide the first detections at wavelengths longer than about 1 mm for 12 sources. This enables us to study statistically the mm SED slopes and dust properties of faint disks and compare them to brighter disks using a uniform analysis method. With these new data and literature measurements at sub-millimeter and millimeter wavelengths, we analyze the dust properties of a sample of 21 isolated disks around T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region. Together with the information about the disks spatial extension from sub/mm-mm interferometric studies, we derive from the observed sub-mm/mm spectral energy distribution constraints on the dust opacity law at these wavelengths, using two-layer flared disk models and a self-consistent dust model that takes properly into account the variation of the dust opacity with grain growth. We find evidence for the presence in the disk midplane of dust particles that have grown to sizes as large as at least 1 millimeter in all the disks of our sample, confirming what was previously observed on smaller brighter objects. This indicates that the dust coagulation from ISM dust to mm-sized grains is a very fast process in protoplanetary disks, that appears to occur before a young stellar object enters the Class II evolutionary stage. Also, the amount of these large grains in the disk outer regions is stationary throughout all the Class II evolutionary stage, indicating that mechanisms slowing down the dust inward migration are playing an important role in the Taurus-Auriga protoplanetary disks.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Métodos estadísticos de la Ingeniería

Los métodos estadísticos persiguen extraer de la manera más eficiente posible la información presente en conjuntos de datos. Su uso se ha generalizado en todos los campos de la ingeniería y son varias las asignaturas aplicadas en las titulaciones de Ingeniero Industrial o Ingeniero Técnico Industrial que presuponen por parte del alumno el manejo básico de técnicas estadísticas sencillas. Este manual recorre el camino desde la exploración previa de un conjunto de datos, la formulación de un modelo aleatorio para el mecanismo de generación de éstos, hasta la introducción a las técnicas de inferencia que formalizan el carácter significativo o no de las conclusiones que se puede extraer de los datos resultantes de un experimento. Se ha optado por una presentación intuitiva de los conceptos intentando en la medida de lo posible relacionarlos con la experiencia práctica o el sentido común…Métodos Estadísticos de la IngenieríaIngeniería Industria

Métodos estadísticos de la Ingeniería

Los métodos estadísticos persiguen extraer de la manera más eficiente posible la información presente en conjuntos de datos. Su uso se ha generalizado en todos los campos de la ingeniería y son varias las asignaturas aplicadas en las titulaciones de Ingeniero Industrial o Ingeniero Técnico Industrial que presuponen por parte del alumno el manejo básico de técnicas estadísticas sencillas. Este manual recorre el camino desde la exploración previa de un conjunto de datos, la formulación de un modelo aleatorio para el mecanismo de generación de éstos, hasta la introducción a las técnicas de inferencia que formalizan el carácter significativo o no de las conclusiones que se puede extraer de los datos resultantes de un experimento. Se ha optado por una presentación intuitiva de los conceptos intentando en la medida de lo posible relacionarlos con la experiencia práctica o el sentido común…Métodos Estadísticos de la IngenieríaIngeniería Industria

Relative growth in rabbits: the effects of genetic line, diet and gender

[EN] The relative growth of different parts of the body and tissues was analysed using an allometric model. Animals were crossbred rabbits (males and females) from the mating of commercial lines HYLA-grand parental doe (HY-GPD) female with HYLA Coloured (HY-CO) or Grimaud (GR) males, both selected for the growth rate, or HY-GPD males, selected for weaning weight. They were fed on two different diet, mainly differing in their energy content, and the relative growth of the different parts of their body was assessed. The components with a nearly isometric growth pattern, which grew at the same mean rate as the rest of the body, were skin, chilled carcass and reference carcass; hind legs for retail cuts; and dorsal and carcass length for linear measurements. All allometric coefficients were calculated with respect to the slaughter weight, except percentage of hind leg inter-intramuscular fat (IIMF), which was calculated with respect to the weight of the hind leg. The components that showed early maturing were liver, kidneys, breast and rib viscera for offal and organs; head and breast and ribs for retail cuts; and bone and IIMF percentage of the hind leg. The components with late maturing were forelegs and loin for retail cuts, inguinal, scapular and perirenal fat, meat of the hind leg, and thigh and lumbar circumference length for carcass linear measurements. The GR line showed earlier growth for loin than the maternal HY-GPD line. In addition, the GR and HY-CO lines developed scapular and inguinal fat later than the HY-GPD line. For IIMF percentage, GR presented later growth than HY-CO and HY-GPD. The main effect of the diet was on liver development and on scapular fat: rabbits fed on the high-energy diet showed later liver and scapular fat growth.Martínez-Bas, AM.; Kessler, M.; Armero, E. (2018). Relative growth in rabbits: the effects of genetic line, diet and gender. World Rabbit Science. 26(3):201-207. doi:10.4995/wrs.2018.7435SWORD201207263Alagón G., Arce O., Serrano P., Ródenas L., Martínez-Paredes E., Cervera C., Pascual J.J., Pascual M. 2015. Effect of feeding diets containing barley, wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles on carcass traits and meat quality in growing rabbits. Meat Sci., 101: 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.029Blasco A. (2017). Bayesian data analysis for animal scientists. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54274-4Blasco A., Ouhayoun J. 1996. Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit meat research. World Rabbit Sci., 4: 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54274-4Butterfield R.M., Zamora J., James A.M., Thompson J.M., Reddacliff K.J. 1983. Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity in large and small strains of Australian Merino rams. 3. Body organs. Anim. Prod., 36: 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100010515Cantier A., Vezinhet R., Rouvier R., Dauzier L. 1969. Allométrie de croissance chez le lapin (O. Cuniculus). 1. Principaux organes et tissues. Ann. Biol. Anim. Bioch., 9: 5-39. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19690101Dabbou S., Gai F., Renna M., Rotolo L., Dabbou S., Lussiana C., Kovitvadhi A., Brugiapaglia A., De Marco M., Helal A.N., Zoccarato I., Gasco L. 2017. Inclusion of bilberry pomace in rabbit diets: Effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Sci., 124: 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.013Deltoro J., López, A.M. 1985. Allometric changes in rabbits. J. Agr. Sci., 105: 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600056392Evans D.G., Kempster A.J. 1979. The effects of genotype, sex and feeding regimen on pig carcass development. J. Agr. Sci., 93: 339-347. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600038016Fisher A.V., Green D.M., Whittemore C.T., Wood J.D., Schofield C.P. 2003. Growth of carcass components and its relation with conformation in pigs of three types. Meat Sci., 65: 639-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00266-8Hammond J. 1932. Growth and development of mutton qualities in sheep. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland.Huxley J.S. 1932. Problems of relative growth. Methuen, London, UK.Kouba M., Bonneau M. 2009. Compared development of intermuscular and subcutaneous fat in carcass and primal cuts of growing pigs from 30 to 140 kg body weight. Meat Sci., 81: 270-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.08.001Lilja C. 1981. Postnatal growth and organ development in the goose. Growth, 45: 329-341.Orengo J., Piles M., Rafel O., Ramon J., Gómez E.A. 2009. Crossbreeding parameters for growth and feed consumption traits from a five diallel mating scheme in rabbits. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 1896-1905. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1029Pascual M. 2007. Effect of selection for growth rate on carcass composition and meat quality in rabbits. PhD. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1938Pascual M., Pla M., Blasco A. 2008. Effect of selection for growth rate on relative growth in rabbits. J. Anim. Sci., 86: 3409-3417. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0976Pascual M, Soler M.D., Cervera C., Pla M, Pascual J.J., Blas E. 2014. Feeding programmes based on highly-digestible fibre weaning diets: Effects on health, growth performance and carcass and meat quality in rabbits. Livest. Sci., 169: 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.07.007Peiretti P.G., Meineri G. 2011. Effects of diets with increasing levels of Spirulina platensis on the carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of growing rabbits. Livest. Sci., 140: 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.031Peiretti P.G., Gai F., Rotolo L., Brugiapaglia A., Gasco L. 2013. Effects of tomato pomace supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits. Meat Sci., 95: 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.011Pugliese C., Madonia G., Chiofalo V., Margiotta S., Acciaioli A., Gandini G. 2003. Comparison of the performances of Nero Siciliano pigs reared indoors and outdoors 1. Growth and carcass composition. Meat Sci., 65: 825-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00287-5R Core Team, 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/Rook A.J., Ellis M., Whittemore C.T., Phillips, P. 1987. Relationships between whole-body chemical composition, physically dissected carcass parts and backfat measurements in pigs. Anim. Prod., 44: 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100018638Vezinhet A., Prud'hon M. 1975. Evolution of various adipose deposits in growing rabbits and sheeps. Anim. Prod., 20: 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100041155Weber T.E., Trabue S.L., Ziemer C.J., Kerr, B.J. 2010. Evaluation of elevated dietary corn fiber from corn germ meal in growing female pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 88: 192-201. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1896Whittemore C.T. 1998. The Science and practice of pig production. (2nd ed.) Oxford. Longman Scientific and Technical

Determination of the number of shots for Grover’s search algorithm

This paper focuses on Grover’s quantum search algorithm, which is of paramount importance as a masterpiece of Quantum Computing software. Given the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum computers, quantum programs based on Grover’s algorithm need to be run a number of times in order to generate a histogram of candidate values for solutions, which are then checked to identify the valid ones. In this paper, the distribution of the required number of shots to find all or a fraction of all the solutions to the Grover’s search problem is studied. Firstly, considering the similarity of the probability problem with the well-known coupon collector’s problem, two formulae are obtained from asymptotic results on the distribution of the required number of shots, as the number of problem solutions grows. These expressions allow to compute the number of shots required to ensure that, with probability p, all or a fraction of all the solutions are found. Secondly, the probability mass function of the required number of shots is derived, which serves as a benchmark to assess the validity of the asymptotic approximations derived previously. A comparison between the two approaches is presented and, as a result, a rule of thumb to decide under which circumstances employ one or the other is proposed.Mathieu Kessler acknowlegdes the support of Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Grant 20911/PI/18)

Rotational velocities of nearby young stars

Stellar rotation is a crucial parameter driving stellar magnetism, activity and mixing of chemical elements. Furthermore, the evolution of stellar rotation is coupled to the evolution of circumstellar disks. Disk-braking mechanisms are believed to be responsible for rotational deceleration during the accretion phase, and rotational spin-up during the contraction phase after decoupling from the disk for fast rotators arriving at the ZAMS. We investigate the projected rotational velocities vsini of a sample of young stars with respect to the stellar mass and disk evolutionary state to search for possible indications of disk-braking mechanisms. We analyse the stellar spectra of 220 nearby (mostly <100pc) young (2-600 Myr) stars for their vsini, stellar age, Halpha emission, and accretion rates. The stars have been observed with FEROS and HARPS in La Silla, Chile. The spectra have been cross-correlated with appropriate theoretical templates. We build a new calibration to be able to derive vsini values from the cross-correlated spectra. Stellar ages are estimated from the LiI equivalent width at 6708 Ang. The equivalent width and width at 10% height of the Halpha emission are measured to identify accretors and used to estimate accretion rates. The vsini is then analysed with respect to the evolutionary state of the circumstellar disks to search for indications of disk-braking mechanisms in accretors. We find that the broad vsini distribution of our targets extends to rotation velocities of up to more than 100 km/s and peaks at a value of 7.8+-1.2 km/s, and that ~70% of our stars show vsini<30 km/s. Furthermore, we can find indications for disk-braking in accretors and rotational spin-up of stars which are decoupled from their disks. In addition, we show that a number of young stars are suitable for precise radial-velocity measurements for planet-search surveys.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Control of partial differential equations via physics-informed neural networks

This paper addresses the numerical resolution of controllability problems for partial differential equations (PDEs) by using physics-informed neural networks. Error estimates for the generalization error for both state and control are derived from classical observability inequalities and energy estimates for the considered PDE. These error bounds, that apply to any exact controllable linear system of PDEs and in any dimension, provide a rigorous justification for the use of neural networks in this field. Preliminary numerical simulation results for three different types of PDEs are carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology.This research was supported by Fundación Séneca (Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Spain)) under contract 20911/PI/18 and grant number 21503/EE/21 (mobility program Jiménez de la Espada). F. Periago acknowledges the hospitality of the Mathematics Department at University of California, Santa Barbara, where part of this work was carried out. The authors also thank professor Lu Lu for very fruitful comments on the use of DeepXDE

Economic sensitivity analysis on the profitability of production of rabbit meat.

[SPA] En el presente proyecto se planteó buscar alternativas en la comercialización de la carne de conejo que le den valor añadido y/o que le abra la puerta a nuevos mercados y mejore la rentabilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se seleccionaron 2.294 conejos a las 8 semanas de edad (machos y hembras, uno de cada camada) de tres líneas genéticas (Ebro, Grimaud e Hyla), la mitad de cada una de las líneas se alimentó con un pienso distinto (dieta A y dieta B), hasta que alcanzaron las 16 semanas de edad que finalizó el ensayo. A partir de la doceava semana tanto en machos como en hembras el beneficio deja de ser positivo, ya que los gastos de producción superan al beneficio obtenido por conejo. Por tanto, contrastando con los resultados obtenidos en capítulos anteriores de crecimiento, adoptamos como semana óptima al sacrificio la onceava, como línea genética Ebro y como dieta la más energética (B), tanto machos como hembras. Además este beneficio se complementará con la venta de productos transformados de alto valor añadido para los cuales se aprovecharán grasas intra e intermusculares. [ENG] In this project it was raised look for alternatives in the marketing of rabbit meat that gives added value and / or open the door to new markets and improve the profitability of farms. To perform the study, 2294 rabbits were selected at 8 weeks of age (male and female, one from each litter) three genetic lines (Ebro, Grimaud and Hyla), half of each of the lines fed a feed different (diet and diet B) until they reached 16 weeks old trial ended. From the twelfth week in both males and females benefit ceases to be positive, because production costs outweigh the benefit obtained by rabbit. Therefore, in contrast to the results obtained in earlier chapters of growth, we adopt as optimal slaughter the eleventh, as genetic line Ebro week and as the most energy diet (B), both males and females. Furthermore, this benefit will be supplemented by the sale of processed products with high added value for which intra and inter-fats be exploited.La realización del presente trabajo ha sido posible gracias al apoyo económico del proyecto CDTI (IDI-20120024) “Introducción de nuevos parámetros productivos en explotación cunícola para la obtención de productos de alto valor añadido”. Agradecer también el apoyo técnico de la empresa QUIN s.l. y de mis compañeros del grupo de investigación. Así como a mis directores de tesis