Composición y estructura de la ictiofauna del río Hondo, México-Belice, con base en el uso del arpón

ResumenSe determinó la composición y estructura de la ictiofauna del río Hondo y la variación espacial de éstas en función de los parámetros ambientales. Se realizaron 3 muestreos durante marzo, abril y mayo de 2012, en 6 sitios a lo largo del río. Los datos usados para determinar la estructura se obtuvieron con ayuda de un arpón de 58.5cm, utilizado durante 2h de buceo libre en cada punto de muestreo. Para complementar la lista de especies se utilizaron redes agalleras, palangres, nasas y anzuelos. Además, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y se consultó material de la colección de peces de ECOSUR en Chetumal. La lista sistemática se conformó por 40 especies en 33 géneros, 18 familias y 11 órdenes. La familia mejor representada fue Cichlidae, incluida la especie exótica Oreochromis niloticus. Los parámetros ambientales que mejor describieron la variación de la distribución y abundancia en los peces en el río Hondo fueron: la anchura del río, distancia a la boca, transparencia, profundidad, concentración de oxígeno disuelto y conductividad. La relación entre las especies y las variables ambientales fue alta en ambos ejes (0.89 y 0.79). Ambientalmente, el río se puede zonificar en 3 partes, aunque su ictiofauna puede dividirse en 2 conjuntos principales.AbstractComposition and structure of the Hondo River ichthyofauna and its spatial variation were determined as a function of environmental parameters. Six sites along the river were sampled in March, April and May 2012. Data for estimating structure of fish assemblages was obtained by means of a 58.5cm harpoon during 2 hours of free diving at each sampling site. The species list for the study area was completed with the aid of gillnets, longlines, double-cone traps, and hook-and-line. In addition, a bibliographical research performed as well as the ichthyological collection of ECOSUR at Chetumal was checked. The systematic list includes 40 species in 33 genera, 18 families and 11 orders. The richest family was Cichlidae, including the exotic Oreochromis niloticus. The environmental parameters that best described distribution and abundance of fish in the Hondo River were river width, distance to mouth, transparency, depth, dissolved oxygen concentration, and conductivity. Correlation between species and environmental parameters was high in both axis (0.89 and 0.79). The river was classified into 3 environmental zones, although its fish fauna could be divided in 2 main assemblages

Comparison of two recombinant erythropoietin formulations in patients with anemia due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A parallel, randomized, double blind study

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is used for the treatment of last stage renal anemia. A new EPO preparation was obtained in Cuba in order to make this treatment fully nationally available. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety properties of two recombinant EPO formulations in patients with anemia due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. METHODS: A parallel, randomized, double blind study was performed. A single 100 IU/Kg EPO dose was administered subcutaneously. Heberitro (Heber Biotec, Havana, formulation A), a newly developed product and Eprex (CILAG AG, Switzerland, formulation B), as reference treatment were compared. Thirty-four patients with anemia due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis were included. Patients had not received EPO previously. Serum EPO level was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) during 120 hours after administration. Clinical and laboratory variables were determined as pharmacodynamic and safety criteria until 216 hours. RESULTS: Both groups of patients were similar regarding all demographic and baseline characteristics. EPO kinetics profiles were similar for both formulations; the pharmacokinetic parameters were very close (i.e., AUC: 4667 vs. 4918 mIU.h/mL; Cmax: 119.1 vs. 119.7 mIU/mL; Tmax: 13.9 vs. 18.1 h; half-life, 20.0 vs. 22.5 h for formulations A and B, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio between both products regarding these metrics were close to the 0.8 – 1.25 range, considered necessary for bioequivalence. Differences did not reach 20% in any case and were not determined by a formulation effect, but probably by a patients' variability effect. Concerning pharmacodynamic features, a high similitude in reticulocyte counts increments until 216 hours and the percentage decrease in serum iron until 120 hours was observed. There were no differences between formulations regarding the adverse events and their intensity. The more frequent events were pain at injection site (35.3%) and hypertension (29%). Additionally, further treatment of the patients with the study product yielded satisfactory increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. CONCLUSION: The formulations are comparable. The newly developed product should be acceptable for long-term application

Malaria vector species in Colombia: a review

Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on the vectorial importance of the major Anopheles malaria vectors in Colombia. We provide basic information on the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, immature habitats, adult behaviour, feeding preferences and anthropophily, endophily and infectivity rates. We additionally review information on the life cycle, longevity and population fluctuation of Colombian Anopheles species. Emphasis was placed on the primary vectors that have been epidemiologically incriminated in malaria transmission: Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles nuneztovari. The role of a selection of local, regional or secondary vectors (e.g., Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Anopheles neivai) is also discussed. We highlight the importance of combining biological, morphological and molecular data for the correct taxonomical determination of a given species, particularly for members of the species complexes. We likewise emphasise the importance of studying the bionomics of primary and secondary vectors along with an examination of the local conditions affecting the transmission of malaria. The presence and spread of the major vectors and the emergence of secondary species capable of transmitting human Plasmodia are of great interest. When selecting control measures, the anopheline diversity in the region must be considered. Variation in macroclimate conditions over a species' geographical range must be well understood and targeted to plan effective control measures based on the population dynamics of the local Anopheles species

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Día Virtual Segunda Videoconferencia de Matemática Educativa en las Instituciones de Educación Media Superior y Superior: Tecnología y Desarrollo del Conocimiento.

Bienvenida a cargo de Elizabeth Velázquez Presidente del Comité de Aplicaciones (CUDI, UANL), presentación y continuidad por el Dr. René Luna García Coordinador de la Comunidad de Matemáticas  (CUDI, CIC IPN), el uso del E-Learning y material interactivo como apoyo para el aprendizaje de funciones vectoriales con la Dra. Martha García  (ESIME-IPN), caracterización de los estilos y enfoques del aprendizaje de los estudiantes de ingeniería en IPN por la Dra.  Fabiola Ocampo Botello (IPN) y recursos digitales didácticos en ActionScript 3.0 expuesto por la Dra. Alicia López Betancourt.El objetivo de las presentaciones es promover las investigaciones y aplicaciones actuales desarrolladas por instituciones de educación Media Superior y Superior en el área de la Matemática Educativa.13_08_14_matematicas_educativas.fl

Study of body fluid samples using flow cytometry : six years of experience at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá - Colombia

Flow cytometry (FCM) was implemented in 2008 at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and later at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio to examine special samples of patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors other than bone marrow and perQ3Revista Nacional - IndexadaA2S

Genetic selection for natural disease resistance against brucellosis and foot and mouth disease virus in colombian criollo cattle

IP 2121-12-134-94resistencia natural a las infecciones virales / Albeiro Lopez,Ana E. Arango, Jorge E. Ossa. -- En: Revista;colombiana de ciencias pecuarias. -- Vol. 13, no. 1 (2000); p.37-45. -- ISSN 01200690 -- Caracterizacion de;recursos geneticos autoctonos en Colombia / Olivera AngelM. ...[et al.]'-- en: Revista escuela nacional de;policia general Santander seccional Rafael Reyes. -- No. 3(dic.2001); p.39-40. -- ISSN 0124549X--;Resistencia natural del ganado blanco ojinegro (Bon) a lainfeccion por virus de estomatitis vesicular (Vev) y;rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (RIB) / Restrepo S. ... [et al.] -- En: susceptibilidad a los subtipos A24-C;y O1-C de la fiebre aftosa y la capacidad de produccion deIFN,por parte1 (2000); p. 37-45. -- ISSN 01200690;'-- caracterizacion de Recursos geneticos autoctonos en COLombia/ Olivera(BON) / Albeiro Lopez, Ana E.;Arango, Fabio N. Zuluaga, Jose Barrera, Jorge E. Ossa. --En:Iatreia. --Vol. 13, no. 2 (jun. 2000); p.;53-120. -- ISSN 01210793. -- Genotipicacion de la resistencianatural delganado blanco ojinegro (BON) a la;salmonella dublin / Omar A. Saldarriaga, Maria T. Rugeles,JaimeI. Velasquez, Gabriel Bedoya, Gary Adams,;Jorge E. Ossa. -- En: Iatreia. -- vol. 13, no. 2 (jun. 2000);p.53-120. -- ISSN 01210793. -- Caracterizacion;'-- en: Proceedings of the Global Conference On Conservation ofDomestic Animal Genetic Resources (4 : 1998;Aug. 17-21 : Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 1998 -- p. ; 28 cm. --Ifn mediated restriction of fmdv in bovine;fibroblast / A. Lopez ... [et al.] -- En: International symposium on positive strand RNA visure cm. --;ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Receptores celulares, interferon yapoptosis en laresistencia natural a las;infecciones virales / Albeiro Lopez, Ana E. Arango, JorgeE. Ossa. -- En:Revista colombiana de ciencias;pecuarias. -- Vol. 13 (2000); p. 37-45. -- ISSN 01200690 -'- Biologia molecular y epizootiologia del virus de;la fiebre aftosa / Albeiro Lopez, Ana E. Arango, Jorge E.Ossa.'-- en: Revista colombiana de ciencias;PONENCIAS EN CONGRESO(S): Toward the recovery of criollo cattlein Colombia / M. Olivera Angel. ... [et al.];pecuarias. -- Vol. 13 (2000); p. 37-45. -- ISSN 01200690 -'- Ganado blancoorejinegro (BON): una alternativa;genotipica y fenotipica de la resistencia natural del ganado blanco oreginegro (BON) a la salmonella dublin /;O. A. Saldarriaga, M. T. Rugeles, J. I. Velasquez, G. Bedoya,J.E. Ossa.'-- en: Revista colombiana Ciencias;pecuarias. -- Vol. 12 (sep. 1999); p. 51-52. -- ISSN 01200690--Analisisde resistencia/susceptibilidad al;virus de la fiebre aftosa en el ganado blanco orejinegro (BON)/A. Lopez,... [et al.] -- En: Revista;colombiana ciencias pecuarias. -- Vol. 12 (sep. 1999); p.51-52.-- ISSN 01200690 -- Estructura molecular y;poblacional del ganado criollo Colombiano (GCC) / GabrielBedoya... [et al.] -- En: Revista colombiana;ciencias pecuarias. -- vol. 14, no. 2 (2001); p. 107-125.'-- ISSN 01200690-- Receptores celulares, interferon;y apoptosis en la resistencia natural a las infecciones virales/ AlbeiroLopez, Ana E. Arango, Jorge Ossa. --;para la produccion en Colombia / Albeiro Lopez ... [et al.] --En: Revistacolombiana de ciencias pecuarias.; Vol. 13 (2000 ); p. 37-45. -- ISSN 01200690 -- Receptores celulares, interferon y apoptosis en la;En: Revista colombiana ciencias pecuarias. -- vol. 13, no.1 (2000); p. 14-18. -- ISSN 0120069

Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005–2010 period

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ensuring the quality of malaria medicines is crucial in working toward malaria control and eventual elimination. Unlike other validated tests that can assess all critical quality attributes, which is the standard for determining the quality of medicines, basic tests are significantly less expensive, faster, and require less skilled labour; yet, these tests provide reproducible data and information on several critical quality attributes, such as identity, purity, content, and disintegration. Visual and physical inspection also provides valuable information about the manufacturing and the labelling of medicines, and in many cases this inspection is sufficient to detect counterfeit medicines. The Promoting the Quality of Medicines (PQM) programme has provided technical assistance to Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) countries to implement the use of basic tests as a key screening mechanism to assess the quality of malaria medicines available to patients in decentralized regions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Trained personnel from the National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs), often in collaboration with country’s Official Medicine Control Laboratory (OMCL), developed country- specific protocols that encompassed sampling methods, sample analysis, and data reporting. Sampling sites were selected based on malaria burden, accessibility, and geographical location. Convenience sampling was performed and countries were recommended to store the sampled medicines under conditions that did not compromise their quality. Basic analytical tests, such as disintegration and thin layer chromatography (TLC), were performed utilizing a portable mini-laboratory.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results were originally presented at regional meetings in a non-standardized format that lacked relevant medicines information. However, since 2008 information has been submitted utilizing a template specifically developed by PQM for that purpose. From 2005 to 2010, the quality of 1,663 malaria medicines from seven AMI countries was evaluated, mostly collected from the public sector, 1,445/1,663 (86.9%). Results indicate that 193/1,663 (11.6%) were found not to meet quality specifications. Most failures were reported during visual and physical inspection, 142/1663 (8.5%), and most of these were due to expired medicines, 118/142 (83.1%). Samples failing TLC accounted for 27/1,663 (1.6%) and those failing disintegration accounted for 24/1,663 (1.4%). Medicines quality failures decreased significantly during the last two years.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Basic tests revealed that the quality of medicines in the public sector improved over the years, since the implementation of this type of quality monitoring programme in 2005. However, the lack of consistent confirmatory tests in the quality control (QC) laboratory, utilizing methods that can also evaluate additional quality attributes, could still mask quality issues. In the future, AMI countries should improve coordination with their health authorities and their QC lab consistently, to provide a more complete picture of malaria medicines quality and support the implementation of corrective actions. Facilities in the private and informal sectors also should be included when these sectors constitute an important source of medicines used by malaria patients.</p

Biodiversity 2016. Status and Trends of Colombian Continental Biodiversity

This third volume of the annual report on biodiversity in Colombia continues the editorial line that begun in 2014. Using novel analytical and graphic proposals, these reports have the goal of communicating the contents to a broad public, making it available for discussion without sacrificing the quality of information. The challenge of communication continues to be a major part of the institutional project, and the new languages with which we are learning to communicate with society and other institutions are an experiment that we expect to be increasingly gratifying. The report for 2017 is already under construction and it counts on new digital technologies so the power of a colombian vital connection may be entirely expressed. The included content evidences that we are still far away from having a systematic follow-up about most of the topics related to the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which is the only way to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and investments made by society. In fact, a limitation that is recognized is that of identifying positive or negative changes that affect different levels of organization of life on this planet; therefore, our global navigation route of the Aichi targets is still to be verified. An additional purpose of this process includes the invitation of all Colombians to contribute in constructing and maintaining basic monitoring indicators for management since it is impossible to identify long-term trends of flora and fauna in the country without the support of institutions, researchers, and citizens. This challenge is immense in a megadiverse country such as Colombia. For this reason, the report will continue to open its pages to experts, and even indigenous peoples or local communities, for them to present their perspectives about environmental change and its effects on biodiversity in a systematic and documented manner. This has the objective of stimulating the commitment of everyone in the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The only way of overcoming the risk of extinction is through the active process of social learning in which all sectors assume a part of the complex responsibility in protecting the forms of life of the country, a roughly counted tenth of all creatures on Earth. I thank all the people that contributed in this Report, those who have supported us in the phases of production, and all readers and users, who are the ultimate judges of its utility.Bogotá, D. C