AVALIAR A ILUMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL NOS CENTROS CIRÚRGICOS EM CUIABÁ: ESTUDO DE CASO

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611707708To ensure safety in surgery, in addition to all the technical elements of the procedureitself, it is necessary that the conditions of the place where it happens to be the best possible inorder to reduce the variables that can alter the outcome of the procedures, increase the level ofsuccess and preserve the health of professionals working within the surgical center. This articleaims to point out the general importance of proper lighting in this sector of the hospital and thetasks it developed specific objectives were to make a profile of this hospital for two health-carefacilities at two different times of the year in Cuiabá, check your respect rules that dictate the minimum values for ambient lighting in the operating room and even check for change in theprofile of lighting environments between dry and wet periods of the year. Data were collectedthrough observation of the physical environment and equipment available to these professionalsto brighten your desktop and battery of measurements of luminance levels of the operatingrooms. The criteria for data analysis were the NBR 5413 (1992) which determines the minimumluminance for environments, and recommendations for lighting installations in the healthcare ofIESNA (American Society for Engineering Lighting). The popular surgical centers need adjustmentsbecause not fully met any of the criteria used in the survey. The luminance levels are below theminimum values set by NBR 5413 (1992) in all periods in which measurements were taken, andthe lighting equipment do not conform with the recommendations of IESNA.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611707708Para garantir a segurança em cirurgias, além de todos os elementos técnicos do procedimento em si, é necessário que as condições do local onde ele acontece sejam as melhores possíveis no sentido de diminuir as variáveis que podem alterar o resultado dos procedimentos, aumentar o nível de sucesso e preservar a saúde dos profissionais que atuam dentro do centro cirúrgico. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral apontar a importância da iluminação adequada a este setor do hospital e às tarefas nele desenvolvidas, como objetivos específicos foram fazer um perfil deste hospitais para dois estabelecimentos assistenciais de saúde em dois momentos distintos do ano em Cuiabá, verificar seu respeito às normas que ditam os valores mínimos para a iluminação nos ambientes do centro cirúrgico e ainda verificar se há alteração no perfil de iluminação nos ambientes entre os períodos mais secos e úmidos do ano. Os dados foram obtidos através da observação das condições físicas do ambiente e dos equipamentos à disposição destes profissionais no sentido de iluminar o seu ambiente de trabalho, e de baterias de medições dos níveis de iluminamento de salas do centro cirúrgico. Os critérios de análise dos dados obtidos foram a NBR 5413 (1992) que determina os níveis mínimos de iluminamento para os ambientes, e as recomendações para a iluminação em instalações de assistência à saúde da IESNA (Sociedade Americana de Engenharia de Iluminação). Os centros cirúrgicos visitados precisam de adequações, pois não atenderam completamente a nenhum dos critérios utilizados na pesquisa. Os níveis de iluminamento se encontram abaixo dos valores mínimos estipulados pela NBR 5413 (1992) em todos os períodos em que foram realizadas as medições, e os equipamentos de iluminação não estão de acordo com as recomendações da IESNA.

“Fork and bracket” syndrome expands the spectrum of SBF1-related sensory motor polyneuropathies

Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 4 (CMT4) comprises a large group of genetically heterogeneous progressive sensory motor neuropathies characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance. Among these, CMT4B includes 3 forms related to genes of the myotubularin family, namely CMT4B1 (MTMR2), CMT4B2 (MTMR13/SBF2), and CMT4B3 (MTMR5/SBF1)

Osmotic dehydration of organic kiwifruit pre-treated by pulsed electric fields: Internal transport and transformations analyzed by NMR

[EN] This work analyzes the effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) as a pre-treatment of the osmotic dehydration (OD) of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward) in the internal structure and in the internal water transport. PEF pre-treatments were done using three PEF intensities (100, 250 and 400 V/cm) and analyzed by TD-NMR. The OD was carried out by immersing the samples in 61.5% sucrose solution at 25 °C. The application of a PEF pre-treatment before the OD produces a process of plasmolysis proportional to the electric field applied. It is because the PEF removes the mobile charges of the medium, such as electrolytes, organic acids, amino acids; Ca+2 is the major culprit of the plasmolysis because it fixes some of the junctions of the microtubules between the cell wall and the membrane. Therefore, a previous plasmolysis produces an increase in the apoplastic transport increasing the rate of dehydration.The authors Urszula Tylewicz and Marco Dalla Rosa want to thank for the financial support provided by funding bodies within the FP7 ERA-Net CORE Organic Plus, and with cofounds from the European Commission. The author Maria Victoria Traffano Schiffo wants to thank the FPI Predoctoral Program of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for support her PhD studies, ERASMUS PRACTICAS program to finance her mobility to Italy. The authors Pedro J. Fito, Marta Castro-Giraldez and M. Victoria Traffano-Schiffo acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Programa Estatal de I + D + i orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad AGL2016-80643-R, Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).Traffano-Schiffo, MV.; Laghi, L.; Castro Giráldez, M.; Tylewicz, U.; Romani, S.; Ragni, L.; Dalla Rosa, M.... (2017). Osmotic dehydration of organic kiwifruit pre-treated by pulsed electric fields: Internal transport and transformations analyzed by NMR. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 41:259-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.03.012S2592664

Effect of pulsed electric field pre-treatment on microstructure and internal transport throughout osmotic treatment of organic kiwifruit.

Plant cellular structure could be considered a complex organized system where flows are carried out by different solutes or solvents transports systems. Passive transports, which is based on the free energy gradients, involve symplastic, apoplastic and aquaporins transmembrane transports. During osmotic dehydration (OD) treatment the semipermeable membranes such as plasma membrane and tonoplast, are forced to separate, due to the water losses from the vacuoles, starting the process known as plasmolysis, characterized by the loss of the turgor pressure. In the last years, OD has been extensively studied for the partial dehydration of fruits and vegetables in order to obtain semi-moist products; however, it presents some limitations such as the low dehydration rate and the high solute content in the final product. Therefore, the use of pre-treatment such as Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) has been reported to facilitate water removal and to improve the quality of the dried or osmo-dried products. PEF is a non-thermal technology which involves the application of short and repeated voltage pulses to a biological tissue placed between two electrodes; it induces changes and reorganization in the electric conformation of the cell membrane, modifying the normal fluxes during drying process when it is used as a pre-treatment. In present work PEF has been applied as a pre-treatment prior OD of organic kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward) in order to evaluate its effect on the internal structure and internal water transport. PEF pre-treatments were performed using the following parameters: E= 100, 250 and 400 V/cm, 60 near-rectangular shape pulses, pulse width of 100 ± 2 μs and a repetition time of 10.0 ± 0.1 ms. The OD was carried out by immersing the samples in 61.5% sucrose solution at 25 °C for different time period (0-120 min). The samples were analyzed in terms of microstructure by Cryo-SEM microscopy and internal water transport by Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR). The results showed that the application of a PEF pre-treatment before the OD produces a process of plasmolysis proportional to the electric field strength applied. It is because the PEF removes the mobile charges of the medium, such as electrolytes, organic acids, amino acids; Ca+2 is the major culprit of the plasmolysis because it fixes some of the junctions of the microtubules between the cell wall and the membrane. In addition, the process of plasmolysis induced by the electric field changes the behavior of kiwifruit tissue during the OD process. In a standard OD without any pretratment, the main transport is the symplastic, whereas if previously treated with PEF, the apoplastic transport is as important as the symplastic, considerably increasing the rate of dehydration. Acknowledgements: Financial support for this project is provided by funding bodies within the FP7 ERA-Net CORE Organic Plus, and with cofounds from the European Commission (No 618107)

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Lack of Galectin-3 Drives Response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis toward a Th2-Biased Immunity

There is recent evidence that galectin-3 participates in immunity to infections, mostly by tuning cytokine production. We studied the balance of Th1/Th2 responses to P. brasiliensis experimental infection in the absence of galectin-3. The intermediate resistance to the fungal infection presented by C57BL/6 mice, associated with the development of a mixed type of immunity, was replaced with susceptibility to infection and a Th2-polarized immune response, in galectin-3-deficient (gal3−/−) mice. Such a response was associated with defective inflammatory and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, high IL-4 and GATA-3 expression and low nitric oxide production in the organs of infected animals. Gal3−/− macrophages exhibited higher TLR2 transcript levels and IL-10 production compared to wild-type macrophages after stimulation with P. brasiliensis antigens. We hypothesize that, during an in vivo P. brasiliensis infection, galectin-3 exerts its tuning role on immunity by interfering with the generation of regulatory macrophages, thus hindering the consequent Th2-polarized type of response

Group II Intron-Based Gene Targeting Reactions in Eukaryotes

Mobile group II introns insert site-specifically into DNA target sites by a mechanism termed retrohoming in which the excised intron RNA reverse splices into a DNA strand and is reverse transcribed by the intron-encoded protein. Retrohoming is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein particle that contains the intron-encoded protein and excised intron RNA, with target specificity determined largely by base pairing of the intron RNA to the DNA target sequence. This feature enabled the development of mobile group II introns into bacterial gene targeting vectors ("targetrons") with programmable target specificity. Thus far, however, efficient group II intron-based gene targeting reactions have not been demonstrated in eukaryotes.By using a plasmid-based Xenopus laevis oocyte microinjection assay, we show that group II intron RNPs can integrate efficiently into target DNAs in a eukaryotic nucleus, but the reaction is limited by low Mg(2+) concentrations. By supplying additional Mg(2+), site-specific integration occurs in up to 38% of plasmid target sites. The integration products isolated from X. laevis nuclei are sensitive to restriction enzymes specific for double-stranded DNA, indicating second-strand synthesis via host enzymes. We also show that group II intron RNPs containing either lariat or linear intron RNA can introduce a double-strand break into a plasmid target site, thereby stimulating homologous recombination with a co-transformed DNA fragment at frequencies up to 4.8% of target sites. Chromatinization of the target DNA inhibits both types of targeting reactions, presumably by impeding RNP access. However, by using similar RNP microinjection methods, we show efficient Mg(2+)-dependent group II intron integration into plasmid target sites in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and into plasmid and chromosomal target sites in Drosophila melanogster embryos, indicating that DNA replication can mitigate effects of chromatinization.Our results provide an experimental foundation for the development of group II intron-based gene targeting methods for higher organisms

The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems co-located with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to $\leq 11$ known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with 6 undetected in radio. Overall, >235 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power $\dot E$ decreases to its observed minimum near $10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results.Comment: 142 pages. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplemen

The Polarized Cosmic Hand: IXPE Observations of PSR B1509-58/MSH 15-52

We describe IXPE polarization observations of the Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN) MSH15-52, the `Cosmic Hand'. We find X-ray polarization across the PWN, with B field vectors generally aligned with filamentary X-ray structures. High significance polarization is seen in arcs surrounding the pulsar and toward the end of the `jet', with polarization degree PD>70%, thus approaching the maximum allowed synchrotron value. In contrast, the base of the jet has lower polarization, indicating a complex magnetic field at significant angle to the jet axis. We also detect significant polarization from PSR B1509-58 itself. Although only the central pulse-phase bin of the pulse has high individual significance, flanking bins provide lower significance detections and, in conjunction with the X-ray image and radio polarization, can be used to constrain rotating vector model solutions for the pulsar geometry.Comment: To appear in the Astrophysical Journa