Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in adults with Down syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study

Background: The diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease is a clinical challenge in adults with Down syndrome. Blood biomarkers would be of particular clinical importance in this population. The astrocytic Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a marker of astrogliosis associated with amyloid pathology, but its longitudinal changes, association with other biomarkers and cognitive performance have not been studied in individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: We performed a three-centre study of adults with Down syndrome, autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease and euploid individuals enrolled in Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona (Spain) and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich (Germany). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma GFAP concentrations were quantified using Simoa. A subset of participants had PET 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, amyloid tracers and MRI measurements. Findings: This study included 997 individuals, 585 participants with Down syndrome, 61 Familial Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers and 351 euploid individuals along the Alzheimer's disease continuum, recruited between November 2008 and May 2022. Participants with Down syndrome were clinically classified at baseline as asymptomatic, prodromal Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Plasma GFAP levels were significantly increased in prodromal and Alzheimer's disease dementia compared to asymptomatic individuals and increased in parallel to CSF Aβ changes, ten years prior to amyloid PET positivity. Plasma GFAP presented the highest diagnostic performance to discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic groups (AUC = 0.93, 95% CI 0.9−0.95) and its concentrations were significantly higher in progressors vs non-progressors (p < 0.001), showing an increase of 19.8% (11.8–33.0) per year in participants with dementia. Finally, plasma GFAP levels were highly correlated with cortical thinning and brain amyloid pathology. Interpretation: Our findings support the utility of plasma GFAP as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome, with possible applications in clinical practice and clinical trials. Funding: AC Immune, La Caixa Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, National Institute on Aging, Wellcome Trust, Jérôme Lejeune Foundation, Medical Research Council, Alzheimer's Association, National Institute for Health Research, EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Alzheimer's Society, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Stiftung für die Erforschung von Verhaltens, Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno & European Union's Horizon 2020 und Umwelteinflüssen auf die menschliche Gesundheit

Thermal Dileptons at LHC

We predict dilepton invariant-mass spectra for central 5.5 ATeV Pb-Pb collisions at LHC. Hadronic emission in the low-mass region is calculated using in-medium spectral functions of light vector mesons within hadronic many-body theory. In the intermediate-mass region thermal radiation from the Quark-Gluon Plasma, evaluated perturbatively with hard-thermal loop corrections, takes over. An important source over the entire mass range are decays of correlated open-charm hadrons, rendering the nuclear modification of charm and bottom spectra a critical ingredient.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, contributed to Workshop on Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: Last Call for Predictions, Geneva, Switzerland, 14 May - 8 Jun 2007 v2: acknowledgment include

Percepción de la satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019.

Resumen Introducción: El internado de pregrado es el aprendizaje supervisado de la práctica clínica, el primer contacto con pacientes y la atención médica en un escenario práctico. La literatura reporta que el nivel de satisfacción oscila entre el 61.9% y el 78%, destacando la adquisición de habilidades clínicas, formación práctica y experiencia laboral. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019. Material y método: Encuesta transversal descriptiva que incluyó 433 médicos internos de pregrado, hombres y mujeres, que concluyeron su internado de pregrado y que estaban por iniciar el año de Servicio Social en el Instituto de Salud del Estado de México los cuales aceptaron, verbalmente, participar en el estudio y responder, de forma anónima, a una encuesta sobre el grado de satisfacción del internado médico de pregrado (que provenían de 19 escuelas de medicina y de haber concluido su internado en hospitales públicos y privados del país) en 5 dimensiones: formación asistencial, formación docente, guardias, expectativas laborales y satisfacción general. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó ANOVA de una vía y ji cuadrado, una p​ Abstract Introduction: Medical internship is a supervised learning of: clinical practice, first contact with patients and medical care in a practical setting. The literature reports that the level of satisfaction ranges between 61.9% and 78%, highlighting the acquisition of clinical skills, practical training and work experience. Objective: To identify the satisfaction degree in the medical internship at Mexican Hospitals in 2019. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey that included 433 undergraduate internal physicians, men and women, who completed their internship and who were about to start the Social Service at the Institute of Health in State of Mexico, who accepted, orally, participate in the study and respond, anonymously, to a survey on the degree of satisfaction of the medical internship (who came from 19 medical schools and had completed their internship in public and private hospitals in the country) in 5 dimensions: care training, teaching training, night ships, job expectations and general satisfaction. For the statistical analysis, ANOVA was applied in one pathway and ji squared, a p

Percepción de la satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019.

Resumen Introducción: El internado de pregrado es el aprendizaje supervisado de la práctica clínica, el primer contacto con pacientes y la atención médica en un escenario práctico. La literatura reporta que el nivel de satisfacción oscila entre el 61.9% y el 78%, destacando la adquisición de habilidades clínicas, formación práctica y experiencia laboral. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019. Material y método: Encuesta transversal descriptiva que incluyó 433 médicos internos de pregrado, hombres y mujeres, que concluyeron su internado de pregrado y que estaban por iniciar el año de Servicio Social en el Instituto de Salud del Estado de México los cuales aceptaron, verbalmente, participar en el estudio y responder, de forma anónima, a una encuesta sobre el grado de satisfacción del internado médico de pregrado (que provenían de 19 escuelas de medicina y de haber concluido su internado en hospitales públicos y privados del país) en 5 dimensiones: formación asistencial, formación docente, guardias, expectativas laborales y satisfacción general. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó ANOVA de una vía y ji cuadrado, una p​ Abstract Introduction: Medical internship is a supervised learning of: clinical practice, first contact with patients and medical care in a practical setting. The literature reports that the level of satisfaction ranges between 61.9% and 78%, highlighting the acquisition of clinical skills, practical training and work experience. Objective: To identify the satisfaction degree in the medical internship at Mexican Hospitals in 2019. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey that included 433 undergraduate internal physicians, men and women, who completed their internship and who were about to start the Social Service at the Institute of Health in State of Mexico, who accepted, orally, participate in the study and respond, anonymously, to a survey on the degree of satisfaction of the medical internship (who came from 19 medical schools and had completed their internship in public and private hospitals in the country) in 5 dimensions: care training, teaching training, night ships, job expectations and general satisfaction. For the statistical analysis, ANOVA was applied in one pathway and ji squared, a p

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Percepción de la satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019.

Introducción: El internado de pregrado es el aprendizaje supervisado de la práctica clí-nica, el primer contacto con pacientes y la atención médica en un escenario práctico. La literatura reporta que el nivel de satisfacción oscila entre el 61.9% y el 78%, destacando la adquisición de habilidades clínicas, formación práctica y experiencia laboral. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de satisfacción en el internado médico de pregrado en Hospitales de México en 2019.Material y método: Encuesta transversal descriptiva que incluyó 433 médicos internos de pregrado, hombres y mujeres, que concluyeron su internado de pregrado y que esta-ban por iniciar el año de Servicio Social en el Instituto de Salud del Estado de México los cuales aceptaron, verbalmente, participar en el estudio y responder, de forma anónima, a una encuesta sobre el grado de satisfacción del internado médico de pregrado (que provenían de 19 escuelas de medicina y de haber concluido su internado en hospitales públicos y privados del país) en 5 dimensiones: formación asistencial, formación docen-te, guardias, expectativas laborales y satisfacción general. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó ANOVA de una vía y ji cuadrado, una p<0.05 fue considerada como significativa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 433 médicos internos de pregrado de 20 a 35 años. El 83.6% estuvo satisfecho/muy satisfecho con la formación asistencial y docente (67.37%), res-pecto a las guardias, el 71.46% reportó una satisfacción del 71.46% y una satisfacción global del internado médico de pregrado del 81.40%. Conclusión: La mayoría de los participantes en este estudio reportaron estar satisfechos o muy satisfechos con el internado médico de pregrado. Es importante destacar la necesidad de fortalecer la formación docente durante el internado médico de pregrad

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio