Joint analysis of anisotropic power spectrum, bispectrum and trispectrum: application to N-body simulations

We perform for the first time a joint analysis of the monopole and quadrupoles for power spectrum, bispectrum and integrated trispectrum (i-trispectrum) from the redshift space matter field in N-body simulations. With a full Markov Chain Monte Carlo exploration of the posterior distribution, we quantify the constraints on cosmological parameters for an object density of $n_\mathrm{p}=5\times10^{-4} (h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1})^{3}$, redshift $z=0.5$, and a covariance corresponding to a survey volume of $V_\mathrm{survey} =25\,(h^{-1}\mathrm{Gpc})^3$, a set up which is representative of forthcoming galaxy redshift surveys. We demonstrate the complementarity of the bispectrum and i-trispectrum in constraining key cosmological parameters. In particular, compared to the state-of-the-art power spectrum (monopole plus quadrupole) and bispectrum (monopole) analyses, we find 1D $68\%$ credible regions smaller by a factor of $(72\%,78\%,72\%,47\%,46\%)$ for the parameters $(f,\sigma_8,f_\mathrm{nl},\alpha_\parallel,\alpha_\perp)$ respectively. This work motivates the additional effort necessary to include the redshift-space anisotropic signal of higher-order statistics in the analysis and interpretation of ongoing and future galaxy surveys.Comment: 42 pages (21 + appendixes and references), 12 figures, 3 tables, matching accepted version after minor revisio

Effect of poultry biochar on chemical and microbiological properties in a typical Haplustol soil under different land-use intensities

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de biochar elaborado a partir de excretas avícolas en suelos con un gradiente de intensificación de uso sobre sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas. Tres sitios con diferente intensidad de uso fueron seleccionados: suelo prístino forestal (SP), suelo agrícola bajo manejo sustentable (MS), suelo agrícola bajo laboreo intenso (LI). El biochar fue aplicado a los suelos en cuatro dosis: sin biochar (control 0%) y con biochar en dosis del 1%, 3% y 10%. La aplicación de biochar incrementó el pH, la conductividad eléctrica (CE), el carbono orgánico total (COT), y la relación C/N. Altas concentraciones de biochar causaron un aumento de la actividad hidrolizante del diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA) en los suelos agrícolas, sugiriendo un incremento de la actividad microbiana total. Sin embargo, la aplicación de biochar produjo una reducción de la actividad deshidrogenasa, principalmente en MS y LI. Se observó un incremento de actinobacterias y hongos micorrícicos en suelos tratados con altas dosis de la enmienda. En general, la aplicación de biochar tendió a incrementar la abundancia de bacterias Gram negativas en comparación con el tratamiento control (sin biochar). Se detectaron importantes incrementos de los ácidos grasos fosfolipídicos totales (PLFA) luego de la aplicación de biochar en SP y LI, indicando un aumento de la biomasa microbiana total. Por este motivo, la aplicación de biochar podría ser de mayor utilidad en la recuperación de suelos con alto grado de degradación edáfica.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different rates of poultry biochar on soil chemical and microbiological properties under a land-use intensity gradient. Three sites were selected: a pristine forest soil (SP), an agricultural soil under sustainable management (MS), and an agricultural soil under conventional tillage (LI). The biochar was applied at four different rates: without biochar (control 0%) and biochar at 1%, 3% y 10%. Poultry biochar increased pH, electrical conductivity (CE), total organic C (COT), and C/N ratio. In general, biochar applied at the highest rates increased the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate, suggesting an increase of total microbial activity. However, biochar applied at the highest rates significantly decreased dehydrogenase activity, mainly under MS and LI. Furthermore, an increase of actinobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi were observed in soils treated with the highest rate of biochar. In general, biochar tended to increase Gram-negative bacteria compared to control. Our study also showed an increase of total phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) in SP and LI, indicating that biochar can increase total microbial biomass. For this reason, the application of biochar could be of greater utility in the remediation of soils with a high level of edaphic degradation.Fil: Dominchin, Maria Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Verdenelli, Romina Aylen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Aoki, Antonio Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Meriles, Jose Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentin

Efecto de la aplicación de biochar avícola sobre las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas de un suelo Haplustol típico con diferentes intensidades de uso

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de biochar elaborado a partir de excretas avícolas en suelos con un gradiente de intensificación de uso sobre sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas. Tres sitios con diferente intensidad de uso fueron seleccionados: suelo prístino forestal (SP), suelo agrícola bajo manejo sustentable (MS), suelo agrícola bajo laboreo intenso (LI). El biochar fue aplicado a los suelos en cuatro dosis: sin biochar (control 0%) y con biochar endosis del 1%, 3% y 10%. La aplicación de biochar incrementó el pH, la conductividad eléctrica (CE), el carbono orgánico total (COT), y la relación C/N. Altas concentraciones de biochar causaron un aumento de la actividad hidrolizante del diacetato defluoresceína (FDA) en los suelos agrícolas, sugiriendo un incremento de la actividad microbiana total. Sin embargo, la aplicación de biochar produjo una reducción de la actividad deshidrogenasa, principalmente en MS y LI. Se observó un incremento de actinobacterias y hongos micorrícicos en suelos tratados con altas dosis de la enmienda. En general, la aplicación de biocharten dió a incrementar la abundancia de bacterias Gram negativas en comparación con el tratamiento control (sin biochar). Se detectaron importantes incrementos de los ácidos grasos fosfolipídicos totales (PLFA) luego de la aplicación de biochar en SP yLI, indicando un aumento de la biomasa microbiana total. Por este motivo, la aplicación de biochar podría ser de mayor utilidad en la recuperación de suelos con alto grado de degradación edáfica.Fil: Dominchin, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Verdenelli, Romina Aylen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatologia y Modelizacion Agricola. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Unidad de Fitopatologia y Modelizacion Agricola.; ArgentinaFil: Aoki, Agustin. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Meriles, Jose Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample : measuring the evolution of the growth rate using redshift-space distortions between redshift 0.8 and 2.2

Funding: RR and WJP acknowledge support from the European Research Council through the Darksurvey grant 614030. WJP also acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/N000668/1, and the UK Space Agency grant ST/N00180X/1. Funding for SDSS-III and SDSS-IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and Participating Institutions. Additional funding for SDSS-III comes from the National Science Foundationa nd the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.We measure the growth rate and its evolution using the anisotropic clustering of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 14 (DR14) quasar sample, which includes 148 659 quasars covering the wide redshift range of 0.8 < z < 2.2 and a sky area of 2112.90 deg2. To optimize measurements we deploy a redshift-dependent weighting scheme, which allows us to avoid binning and perform the data analysis consistently including the redshift evolution across the sample. We perform the analysis in Fourier space, and use the redshift evolving power spectrum multipoles to measure the redshift-space distortion parameter fσ8 and parameters controlling the anisotropic projection of the cosmological perturbations. We measure fσ8(z = 1.52) = 0.43 ± 0.05 and dfσ8/dz(z = 1.52) = -0.16 ± 0.08, consistent with the expectation for a lambda cold dark matter cosmology as constrained by the Planck experiment.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: exploring the Halo Occupation Distribution model for Emission Line Galaxies

We study the modelling of the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) for the eBOSS DR16 Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs). Motivated by previous theoretical and observational studies, we consider different physical effects that can change how ELGs populate haloes. We explore the shape of the average HOD, the fraction of satellite galaxies, their probability distribution function (PDF), and their density and velocity profiles. Our baseline HOD shape was fitted to a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution, with a decaying occupation of central ELGs at high halo masses. We consider Poisson and sub/super-Poissonian PDFs for satellite assignment. We model both NFW and particle profiles for satellite positions, also allowing for decreased concentrations. We model velocities with the virial theorem and particle velocity distributions. Additionally, we introduce a velocity bias and a net infall velocity. We study how these choices impact the clustering statistics while keeping the number density and bias fixed to that from eBOSS ELGs. The projected correlation function, $w_p$, captures most of the effects from the PDF and satellites profile. The quadrupole, $\xi_2$, captures most of the effects coming from the velocity profile. We find that the impact of the mean HOD shape is subdominant relative to the rest of choices. We fit the clustering of the eBOSS DR16 ELG data under different combinations of the above assumptions. The catalogues presented here have been analysed in companion papers, showing that eBOSS RSD+BAO measurements are insensitive to the details of galaxy physics considered here. These catalogues are made publicly available.Comment: Data available here: http://popia.ft.uam.es/eBOSS_ELG_OR_mocks. A description of eBOSS and links to all associated publications can be found here: https://www.sdss.org/surveys/eboss/ ; 24 pages, 17 Figures; Published in MNRAS 25 Sep 202

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)