PERFIL DE PRODUTORES FRENTE À VACINAÇÃO CONTRA DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS ABORTIVAS EM REBANHOS BOVINOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE ALEGRE/ES

The health of the herd takes a role of great importance in whatever operating system. Actions such as prevention against new diseases, reduction of exposure to diseases of the herd and increasing the resistance level of the herd, which helps the immune system of cattle get sufficient conditions to function properly. The prevention of infectious diseases as causes of abortion, brucellosis, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis, tricomonosis, neosporosis, IBR and BVD, it is crucial to the owner achieve success in your production system. This study aimed to verify the knowledge of producers of dairy cattle in front of vaccination against infectious cause of abortion in cattle as well the risk of some zoonotic diseases. A total of 30 properties were visited and the owners submitted a questionnaire about their knowledge of diseases in cattle abortion, as well as programs for vaccination of cattle against diseases mentioned above. It was yielding the following results: 12 properties vaccinated against brucellosis, being among them, 2 vaccinated against leptospirosis, the 18 remaining properties were not vaccinate against any of the diseases, 2 owners were aware that all diseases caused abortion and 28 owners knew that only the brucellosis caused abortion. The lack of information from farmers is still an obstacle on the health of the cattle, but need encouragement to disseminate necessary information so that they can use them, helping to increase the quality of the final product.A sanidade do rebanho assume um papel de fundamental importância em qualquer que seja o sistema de exploração. Ações como, prevenção contra novas doenças; redução da exposição do rebanho às enfermidades e aumento do nível de resistência do rebanho, contribui para que o sistema imunológico do bovino obtenha condições suficientes para funcionar adequadamente. A prevenção contra doenças infecciosas causadoras de aborto como brucelose, leptospirose, campilobacteriose, tricomonose, neosporose, IBR e BVD, torna-se fundamental para o proprietário conseguir sucesso no sistema de produção. Este trabalho visou verificar o conhecimento de produtores de gado de leite frente à vacinação contra doenças infecciosas causadoras de aborto em bovinos, assim como o risco zoonótico de algumas dessas enfermidades. Um total de 30 propriedades foram visitadas e aos proprietários, foi submetido um questionário sobre o conhecimento de doenças abortivas em bovinos, assim como, programas de vacinação do rebanho contra as doenças acima citadas, obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: 12 propriedades vacinavam contra brucelose, sendo que dentre elas, 2 vacinavam também contra leptospirose; as 18 propriedades restantes não faziam vacinação contra nenhuma das enfermidades. Dois proprietários tinham conhecimento que todas as doenças causavam aborto e 28 proprietários sabiam que apenas a brucelose causava aborto. A falta de informação por parte dos produtores rurais ainda é um obstáculo quanto à sanidade do rebanho, sendo necessário fomento que busque divulgar as informações para que os mesmos possam utilizá-las, contribuindo para o aumento da produtividade de rebanhos leiteiros

OREGANO ESSENTIAL OIL AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT IN BROILERS DIET

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a adição de óleo essencial de orégano como agente antimicrobiano e no desempenho de frangos de corte. Utilizou-se 250 pintos de corte, machos, da linhagem Cobb, que foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em grupos de cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, com 10 aves cada: dieta com antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle positivo); dieta sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle negativo); dieta contendo apenas antibiótico; dieta com 0,5g de óleo de orégano; dieta com 1,0% de óleo de orégano. Foi observada uma menor freqüência de bactérias gram-positivas no íleo de frangos de corte tratados sem promotor de crescimento comparado com os grupos controle positivo ou com óleo de orégano (p 0,05). A adição de 1g de óleo de orégano/kg de dieta resultou em um menor peso relativo dos intestinos (p 0.05). Os resultados mostraram que a adição de 1g de óleo de orégano/kg de dieta exerceu um efeito antimicrobiano verificado por meio da redução do peso relativo dos intestinos e pelo aumento na frequência de Lactobacillus

Canines vaccinated against visceral leishmaniasis develop a serological response to the Leishmania braziliensis antigen

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania, a protozoan. Common antigens occur in the strains found in America, which allow antigenic cross-reactivity. Therefore, multivalent vaccines can be used for this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two different commercial vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis to induce an immune response to the soluble L. (Viannia) braziliensis antigens. In 2014, 70 seronegative dogs from the municipality of Iúna (Espírito Santo State, Brazil) were vaccinated and serologically evaluated by ELISA and immunoblotting by using the soluble antigen of L. braziliensis. Of the 121 dogs initially selected, only 70 received vaccination because 51 dogs tested positive by ELISA, yielding a positive frequency of 42.14% in the asymptomatic group. These 70 dogs were divided into two equal groups and administered three doses of each vaccine, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. We found that the sera of dogs immunized with three doses of both vaccines A and B had antibodies against the soluble antigens of L. (V.) braziliensis, as determined by ELISA and immunoblotting 120 days post vaccination. Antibodies produced in response to vaccines A and B were found in 22/35 and 18/35 serum samples, respectively, at T1 (120 days), while 7/35 and 4/35 serum samples tested positive at T2 (240 days). Furthermore, immunoblotting allowed us to differentiate between vaccinated and asymptomatic dogs

European 1 : a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

We have identified a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than 14% of French, Portuguese and Spanish isolates of M. bovis but are rare in other mainland European countries and Iran. However, strains of the Eu1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in former trading partners of the UK (USA, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Canada). The Americas, with the exception of Brazil, are dominated by the Eu1 clonal complex which was at high frequency in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico as well as North America. Eu1 was rare or absent in the African countries surveyed except South Africa. A small sample of strains from Taiwan were non-Eu1 but, surprisingly, isolates from Korea and Kazakhstan were members of the Eu1 clonal complex. The simplest explanation for much of the current distribution of the Eu1 clonal complex is that it was spread in infected cattle, such as Herefords, from the UK to former trading partners, although there is evidence of secondary dispersion since. This is the first identification of a globally dispersed clonal complex M. bovis and indicates that much of the current global distribution of this important veterinary pathogen has resulted from relatively recent International trade in cattle.This work was funded by: TBadapt project (LSHp-CT-2007-037919); B.M. received financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung foundation, Swedish International Development Agency; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland (project DARD0407); EU project TB-STEP (KBBE-2007-1-3-04, no. 212414); Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 107559); Damien Foundation, Belgium; Commission Universitaire pour le Développement (CUD), University of Liege (Project PIC); The Wellcome Trust Livestock for Life and Animal Health in the Developing World initiatives (075833/A/04/Z); Chilean National Livestock Service -FONDOSAGC5-100-10-23 and CONICYT-FIC-R-EQU18 and by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK (project SB4020).http://www.elsevier.com/locate/meegidab2012ab2013 (Author correction

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research