A Relational Approach for the Understanding of the Hegemonic Masculinities. Insights from Pierre Bourdieu, Georg Simmel and Marianne Weber

This paper addresses the issue of relationality between man and woman and how this can undermine the forms of masculine hegemony in the society. Simmel’s relational approach, rooted in an essentialist vision of gender construction, and Bourdieu’s constructivist realism, seem not effective in questioning the gender relation in itself. Indeed, both are more concerned to how hegemony works in crystallizing gendered roles in the society and less on how this changes or can change. The binary scheme that informs Simmel’s and Bourdieu’s efforts in understanding power in gender relations is, 2 in line with Marianne Weber’s statement, the main obstacle that hides relations generative of social transformations. Nowadays the symbolic negotiations between the pluralities of gender configurations require a focus on the relationality and we share this analytical perspective. Indeed, it is from the point of view of the social construction of gender that it seems to be possible to approach the hegemonic masculinity and how it changes in different times and places

Las políticas orientadas por misiones: el debate en los países centrales y su aplicación en el contexto de países en desarrollo

A partir de un abordaje histórico e institucional, en este capítulo mostramos que desde distintos ámbitos vinculados al diseño y aplicación de políticas tecnológicas, se asiste a un proceso de revalorización de las políticas orientadas por misiones (o mission-oriented policies). Las políticasorientadas por misiones tuvieron su período de auge durante la segunda posguerra y se vincularon habitualmente a objetivos de soberanía o defensa nacional, sin embargo, más recientemente, comenzaron a ser consideradas como una perspectiva efectiva para movilizar instrumentosy programas que encuentren soluciones tecnológicas a los grandes desafíos sociales del nuevo milenio (grand societal challenges), mucho menos vinculados al terreno militar. A partir del revival reciente de las misiones surgen nuevos interrogantes: ¿por qué se vuelven a impulsar las políticas mission-oriented? ¿De qué manera los nuevos desafíos inciden sobre el diseño y la organizaciónde las nuevas misiones? ¿Qué efectividad puede esperarse de estas nuevas misiones, dado el bajo potencial de spillovers de las misiones impulsadas en el pasado? ¿Qué importancia tiene esta discusión para los países en desarrollo (y, en particular, para los iberoamericanos)?.Fil: Lavarello, Pablo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; ArgentinaFil: Minervini, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Robert, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales. Centro de Estudios Economicos del Desarrollo.; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Roberto Dario. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales. Centro de Estudios Economicos del Desarrollo.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Complication of Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single Centre Experience

Background/aim: Gastric cancer surgery is still characterised by high morbidity and mortality. However, in 2018 an online platform, GASTRODATA has been proposed in Europe to standardize the recording of gastric surgery complications. The aim of the study was to present a single center experience regarding incidence and grading of acute postoperative complications in a population of patients treated surgically for gastric cancer on the basis of the gastrodata online platform. Patients and methods: The present study was a single center, observational, retrospective trial held in the General Surgery Unit of the Sant'Andrea Hospital of Rome. The study included 181 consecutive patients who underwent gastric surgical resection for cancer from May 2004 to December 2020 with curative R0 purpose. Results: Thirty-three percent of patients reported at least one complication, while seventeen percent of the whole population reported a complication classified as at least grade 3 on the Clavien Dindo Classification. The most frequent complications were disorders of the respiratory system (13.3%), followed by bleeding (7.6%) and wound infections (6.2%). Deaths accounted for 3.7% of the population. Conclusion: A list of defined complications of gastrectomy, if systematically adopted in the Literature, could lead to a reduction in the wide variation of proposals for treatment and assessment. Objectively evaluating the impact of complications on outcomes can lead to quality improvement project proposals

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlation structures in p-Pb collisions at 1asNN=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p\u2013Pb collisions at a nucleon\u2013nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 < pT,assoc < pT,trig < 5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |\u3b7| < 0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p\u2013Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton\u2013parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p\u2013Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon\u2013nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe