97 research outputs found
Transient shallow reservoirs beneath small eruptive centres: Constraints from Mg-Fe interdiffusion in olivine
Small eruptive centres commonly have more primitive lavas than those associated with stratovolcanoes, an observation that has been taken to indicate a short magma residence in the crust relative to those reservoirs below stratovolcanoes. The Caburgua cones of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone from a basaltic small eruptive centre where this can be tested. Here, we use MELTS simulations, and the available thermobarometry data to determine the conditions of olivine crystal rim formation and the Mg-Fe diffusion modelling to determine the magma residence times of those rims in the crust. Results yield timescales varying from a few days to dozens of days, and if freezing is to be avoided, can only be explained by some form of storage or slow transport through at least one shallow magma body. The longest durations of magma residence seen in the olivine rim zones are up to 471 days. These timescales are shorter than those estimated (decadal) from the nearby, more-differentiated, and well-established stratovolcano, Villarrica, which has a dominantly basaltic andesite composition. For Caburgua cones, we propose the existence of a transient reservoir, in contrast to a long-lived reservoir such as that inferred beneath the adjacent Villarrica stratovolcano
Monitoring an Alien Invasion: DNA Barcoding and the Identification of Lionfish and Their Prey on Coral Reefs of the Mexican Caribbean
BACKGROUND: In the Mexican Caribbean, the exotic lionfish Pterois volitans has become a species of great concern because of their predatory habits and rapid expansion onto the Mesoamerican coral reef, the second largest continuous reef system in the world. This is the first report of DNA identification of stomach contents of lionfish using the barcode of life reference database (BOLD). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We confirm with barcoding that only Pterois volitans is apparently present in the Mexican Caribbean. We analyzed the stomach contents of 157 specimens of P. volitans from various locations in the region. Based on DNA matches in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank, we identified fishes from five orders, 14 families, 22 genera and 34 species in the stomach contents. The families with the most species represented were Gobiidae and Apogonidae. Some prey taxa are commercially important species. Seven species were new records for the Mexican Caribbean: Apogon mosavi, Coryphopterus venezuelae, C. thrix, C. tortugae, Lythrypnus minimus, Starksia langi and S. ocellata. DNA matches, as well as the presence of intact lionfish in the stomach contents, indicate some degree of cannibalism, a behavior confirmed in this species by the first time. We obtained 45 distinct crustacean prey sequences, from which only 20 taxa could be identified from the BOLD and GenBank databases. The matches were primarily to Decapoda but only a single taxon could be identified to the species level, Euphausia americana. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This technique proved to be an efficient and useful method, especially since prey species could be identified from partially-digested remains. The primary limitation is the lack of comprehensive coverage of potential prey species in the region in the BOLD and GenBank databases, especially among invertebrates
POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA
Enâ© virtudâ© deâ© loâ© anterior,â© losâ© estudiososâ© deâ© lasâ© cienciasâ© deâ© laâ© conductaâ© â©deâ© laâ© Universidadâ©AutĂłnoma â©delâ© Estado â©de â©MĂ©xico,â©â©ante â©laâ©persistenciaâ© y â©proliferaciĂłnâ© deâ© estos â©hechosâ© enâ© diversasâ© partesâ© delâ©Mundoâ© yâ© deâ© nuestro â©paĂs â©en â©particular, seâ© convocĂłâ© aâ© losâ© estudiososâ© interesadosâ© yâ© aâ© laâ© sociedadâ© enâ© generalâ© aâ© presentarâ© trabajosâ© paraâ© analizar,â© debatirâ© yâ© proponerâ© estrategiasâ© deâ© acciĂłnâ© yâ© direcciĂłn,â© queâ©
fortalezcanâ© unaâ© convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz.
Elâ© presenteâ© textoâ© esâ© productoâ© de â©esta convocatoria â©queâ© recoge â©losâ©trabajos â©de â©â©losâ© interesados â©en â©laâ© temĂĄtica,â©â© deâ© diferentes â©paĂsesâ©(España,â©Argentina,â©Cuba,â©Brasil,â©Costaâ© Ricaâ© yâ© MĂ©xico)â© retomandoâ© conâ© elloâ© susâ© experienciasâ© relativasâ© alâ© estudio,â© anĂĄlisis,â© comprensiĂłnâ© eâ© instrumentaciĂłnâ© deâ© laâ© culturaâ© deâ© pazâ© enâ© losâ© distintosâ© ĂĄmbitosâ© institucionalesâ© enâ© losâ© queâ© participan:â© educativo,â© salud,â© penitenciario,â©
social,â©laboral,â©familia,â©alimentario,â©psicolĂłgico,â©por â©mencionar â©algunos.â©
Elâ© presenteâ© libro,â© propiciaâ© unâ© espacioâ© deâ© reflexiĂłn,â© diĂĄlogoâ© yâ© posicionamientoâ© deâ© las â©ciencias â©de â©la â©conductaâ© para â©la â©apropiaciĂłn,â©anĂĄlisis,â©debateâ© y â©propuestas â©queâ© fortalezcan â©unaâ© culturaâ© de â©pazâ© aâ©travĂ©sâ© de â©laâ© convivencia â©yâ© el â©bienestarâ© social â©conâ© sentido â©humanista.â©Elâ© sistema â©econĂłmicoâ© neoliberalâ© y â©el â©procesoâ© de â©globalizaciĂłn â©hanâ© contribuidoâ©alâ© logroâ© deâ© avancesâ© significativosâ© enâ© laâ© cienciaâ© yâ© laâ© tecnologĂa,â© peroâ© tambiĂ©nâ© hanâ© propiciadoâ© laâ© polarizaciĂłnâ© deâ© lasâ© sociedadesâ© loâ© queâ© haâ© impactadoâ© deâ© maneraâ© negativaâ© aâ© laâ© sociedadâ© enâ© suâ© conjunto,â© peroâ© enâ© mayorâ© medidaâ© aâ© los gruposâ© vulnerables. Dichaâ© polarizaciĂłnâ© haâ© traĂdoâ© consigoâ© unâ© desarrolloâ© desigualâ© delâ© mundoâ© queâ© seâ© expresaâ© deâ© diferentesâ© manerasâ© tantoâ© enâ© paĂsesâ© desarrolladosâ© comoâ© enâ© losâ© llamadosâ© delâ© tercerâ© mundo,â© enâ© dondeâ© noâ© estĂĄnâ© satisfechasâ© lasâ© necesidadesâ© humanas â©elementalesâ© deâ© todos â©losâ©sectores â©de â©la â©poblaciĂłn,â©siempre â©falta â©algo. â©Si â©aâ© esto â©leâ© sumamos â©losâ©conflictosâ© internacionales porâ© diferentesâ© motivosâ© queâ© enfrentanâ© algunasâ© naciones,â© unaâ© insuficienteâ© coberturaâ© educativaâ© yâ© deâ© salud,â©â© desempleoâ© yâ© pobreza â©extrema,â© entre â©otrasâ© cosasÍŸ â©estamosâ© frenteâ© aâ©retos â©deâ© granâ© envergaduraâ© paraâ© losâ© gobiernos,â© paraâ© losâ© estudiososâ© yâ© paraâ© laâ© sociedadâ© civilâ© enâ© general. Uno â©de â©losâ© intentosâ© paraâ© frenar â©y prevenir â©laâ© agudizaciĂłnâ© de â©estas â©problemĂĄticasâ© esâ© laâ© cultura â©de â©paz,â©cuyoâ© estudioâ©y propuestas â©han â©ido â©avanzando â©en â©diferentesâ© sentidos â©y â©de â©manera â©favorable,â©el â©tema â©estĂĄ â©presente â©en â©diferentes â©Organismosâ© Internacionalesâ© comoâ© laâ© ONU,â© laâ© UNESCO,â© laâ© OCDE,â© Elâ© Bancoâ© Mundial,â© entreâ© otros.â© Peroâ© falta â©mucho â©por â©hacer.Universidad AutĂłnoma del Estado de MĂ©xic
una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta
Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"
Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretaciĂłn.
El estudio del turismo se realiza desde mĂșltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexiĂłn sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, asĂ como los asuntos especĂficos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las polĂticas pĂșblicas, el papel de las universidades, las ĂĄreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es bĂĄsico para la comprensiĂłn del sistema turĂstico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusiĂłn del libro es lo glocal, esa interacciĂłn entre lo nacional y local con lo global
Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis
Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), "A way of making Europe".Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals
A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Meeting abstrac
Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children
Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics
Palaeodemographic modelling supports a population bottleneck during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Iberia
Demographic change lies at the core of debates on genetic inheritance and resilience to climate change of prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Here we analyze the radiocarbon record of Iberia to reconstruct long-term changes in population levels and test different models of demographic growth during the Last Glacial-Interglacial transition. Our best fitting demographic model is composed of three phases. First, we document a regime of exponential population increase during the Late Glacial warming period (c.16.6-12.9 kya). Second, we identify a phase of sustained population contraction and stagnation, beginning with the cold episode of the Younger Dryas and continuing through the first half of the Early Holocene (12.9-10.2 kya). Finally, we report a third phase of density-dependent logistic growth (10.2-8 kya), with rapid population increase followed by stabilization. Our results support a population bottleneck hypothesis during the Last Glacial-Interglacial transition, providing a demographic context to interpret major shifts of prehistoric genetic groups in south-west Europe
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
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