Intestinal microbiota influences non-intestinal related autoimmune diseases

Indexación: Scopus.The human body is colonized by millions of microorganisms named microbiota that interact with our tissues in a cooperative and non-pathogenic manner. These microorganisms are present in the skin, gut, nasal, oral cavities, and genital tract. In fact, it has been described that the microbiota contributes to balancing the immune system to maintain host homeostasis. The gut is a vital organ where microbiota can influence and determine the function of cells of the immune system and contributes to preserve the wellbeing of the individual. Several articles have emphasized the connection between intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease with dysbiosis or an imbalance in the microbiota composition in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in autoimmune pathologies affecting other tissues than the intestine. This article focuses on what is known about the role that gut microbiota can play in the pathogenesis of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's diseases, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we discuss as to how metabolites derived from bacteria could be used as potential therapies for non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. © 2018 Opazo, Ortega-Rocha, Coronado-Arrázola, Bonifaz, Boudin, Neunlist, Bueno, Kalergis and Riedel.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00432/ful

Development of bioactive purple-red colorants from red raspberry waste using heat/ultrasound-assisted extractions coupled with RSM

Food colorants are increasingly used in the industry to preserve, improve or change the color of a wide range of food products. While the quite controversial artificial colorants are widely used in this sector, the natural counterparts have been less selected in part due to the limited availability of options, higher costs, and stability issues [1]. Within this additive class, anthocyanins are naturally occurring pigments that can be found in different plant matrices, including berries such as red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). These water-soluble compounds show attractive colors ranging from red to purple and present health-promoting effects [2,3]. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a novel anthocyanin-rich food colorant from red raspberry waste through the optimization of a sustainable extraction methodology and to characterize this ingredient for its functionality. Heat (HAE)- and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover the anthocyanins from red raspberry waste. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables analyzed in central composite designs coupled with response surface methodology for processes optimization. The extraction yield and levels of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) were monitored gravimetrically and by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, respectively, and used as response criteria. The constructed polynomial models were fitted to the experimental data, statistically validated, and used to determine the optimal processing conditions. Overall, HAE originated slightly higher response values (61% extract weight and 8.7 mg anthocyanins/g extract) but needed 76 min processing at 38 °C, with 21% ethanol, while the UAE process required 16 min sonication at 466 W, using 38% ethanol, to obtain 58% extract weight and 8.3 mg anthocyanins/g extract. The predictive models were experimentally validated and the purple-red extracts obtained under optimal condition showed antioxidant activity through lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis inhibition, and antibacterial effects against food-related bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis [4]. These results highlighted the potential of the developed red raspberry extracts as natural food colorants with bioactive/preserving effects. In future studies, it will be interesting to investigate the stability of the developed anthocyanin-rich extracts when exposed to different adverse factors and in real food matrices.To the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). M. Añibarro-Ortega thanks FCT for his PhD grant (2020.06297.BD). National funding by FCT, P.I., through the individual and institutional scientific employment program-contract for the J. Pinela (CEECIND/01011/2018) and L. Barros contracts, respectively. This research was funded by FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme through the Project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P, and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural® and Project GreenHealth - Norte-01-0145- FEDER-000042. The authors thank Ponto Agrícola Unipessoal, Lda for the plant material.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Youth and Political Participation: #YoSoy132 and the Struggle for Freedom of Expression in Mexico

The mobilization of the student movement #YoSoy132 inspired new political and civic participation among young students in the urban context of Mexico City. This study explores the habits and perspectives around political participation, freedom of expression, and the use of social networks among these university students. Based on survey data from two samples, we contrast the relationship between online and offline political practices during the birth of #YoSoy132. For the first sample, we administered a questionnaire to college students who took part in a public demonstration organized by the #YoSoy132 movement just one week before the 2012 Mexican federal election. We collected the second sample via social media online, with a focus on college students from different universities across Mexico City. We compare the similarities and differences across youth participation via the samples In Situ and Online groups. We demonstrate that digital penetration and the presence of a convergent culture are important elements that favor hybrid political and civil participation. Our findings allow us to infer, at least from our samples of college students, that social networks are gaining unprecedented importance in the formation of youth imaginaries when a strong correlation between online and offline practices exists. In the face of widespread accusations of the corruption of mass media in Mexico and systemic threats to freedom of expression, social networks provided an alternative and trustworthy route for expression, dialogue, and mobilization

Extraction of anthocyanins from red raspberry for natural food colorants development: Processes optimization and in vitro bioactivity

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Heat (HAE)-and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover anthocyanins from red raspberry. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables combined in five-level rotatable central composite designs coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) for processes optimization. The extraction yield and levels of cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside (C3S) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were monitored by gravimetric and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn methods, respectively, and used as response criteria. The constructed theoretical models were successfully fitted to the experimental data and used to determine the optimal extraction conditions. When maximizing all responses simultaneously, HAE originated slightly higher response values (61% extract weight and 8.7 mg anthocyanins/g extract) but needed 76 min processing at 38â—¦ C, with 21% ethanol (v/v), while the UAE process required 16 min sonication at 466 W, using 38% ethanol (v/v). The predictive models were experimentally validated, and the purple-red extracts obtained under optimal condition showed antioxidant activity through lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis inhibition, and antibacterial effects against food-related microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These results highlight the potential of red raspberry extracts as natural food colorants with bioactive effects and could be exploited by industries interested in the production of anthocyanin-based products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbiota composition and intestinal integrity remain unaltered after the inclusion of hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana in Sparus aurata diet

The use of lysed microalgae in the diet of carnivorous fish can increase the bioavailability of proteins and bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins in the digestive tract. These are essential molecules for the proper physiological development of fish in aquaculture. However, some antinutritional components and other undesirable molecules can be released from an excess of microalgae supplied, compromising the integrity of the intestine. The inclusion of small amounts of hydrolized microalgae in the fish diet can be a good strategy to avoid negative effects, improving the availability of beneficial compounds. Nannochloropsis gaditana is an interesting microalgae as it contains nutraceuticals. Previous studies reported beneficial effects after its inclusion in the diet of Sparus aurata, a widely cultured species in Europe and in all Mediterranean countries. However, administration of raw microalgae can produce intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and disturbance of digestion and absorption processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier stability of S. aurata fed with low inclusion (5%) hydrolysed N. gaditana. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology and libraries were constructed using variable regions V3-V4 of 16S rDNA molecules. Analysis were based in the identification, quantification and comparison of sequences. The predictive intestinal microbial functionality was analyzed with PICRUSt software. The results determined that the intestinal microbiota bacterial composition and the predictive intestinal microbiota functionality did not change statistically after the inclusion of N. gaditana on the diet. The study of gene expression showed that genes involved in intestinal permeability and integrity were not altered in fish treated with the experimental diet. The potential functionality and bacterial taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the expression of integrity and permeability genes in the intestine of the carnivorous fish S. aurata were not affected by the inclusion of hydrolysed 5% N. gaditana microalgae

Desenvolvimento de corantes bioativos a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha usando extrações assistidas por calor el ultrassom

Atualmente, o uso de corantes artificiais está envolto em controvérsia devido a questões de segurança, enquanto as alternativas naturais são ainda limitadas devido à falta de fontes sustentáveis, ao custo de produção e a questões de estabilidade. As antocianinas são pigmentos bioativos encontrados em frutos vermelhos, como a framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.), responsáveis por um leque de cores do vermelho ao roxo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um corante natural bioativo rico em antocianinas a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha.Os autores agradecem à Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) pelo apoio financeiro através de fundos nacionais FCT/MCTES ao CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). Financiamento nacional pela FCT, P.I., no âmbito da celebração do contrato-programa de emprego científico institucional, pelos contratos de J. Pinela e L. Barros e a bolsa de doutoramento de M. Añibarro-Ortega (2020.06231.BD). FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal através do projecto TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desenvolvimento de corantes bioativos a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha usando extrações assistidas por calor el ultrassom

Atualmente, o uso de corantes artificiais está envolto em controvérsia devido a questões de segurança, enquanto as alternativas naturais são ainda limitadas devido à falta de fontes sustentáveis, ao custo de produção e a questões de estabilidade. As antocianinas são pigmentos bioativos encontrados em frutos vermelhos, como a framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.), responsáveis por um leque de cores do vermelho ao roxo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um corante natural bioativo rico em antocianinas a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha. Para a otimização de processos de extração assistidos por calor (EC) e ultrassom (EU), foram implementados desenhos experimentais de composto central circunscrito acoplados à metodologia de superfície de resposta, considerando o tempo, a percentagem de etanol e a temperatura ou potência ultrassónica como variáveis independentes. Os teores de antocianinas (quantificados por HPLC-DAD) foram usados na construção dos modelos preditivos. A EC originou valores de resposta (8,5 mg/g) ligeiramente superiores aos da EU (8,3 mg/g), mas envolveu um tempo de extração mais longo (76 min), enquanto a EU precisou de apenas 16 min de sonicação. Os extratos obtidos nas condições otimizadas foram testados in vitro e apresentaram atividade antioxidante e efeitos antibacterianos. Foi assim demostrado o potencial dos subprodutos de framboesa vermelha e dos métodos de extração para a obtenção de corantes naturais bioativos.À Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) pelo apoio financeiro ao CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) através dos fundos nacionais FCT/MCTES; à FCT pela bolsa de doutoramento (2020.06297.BD) de M. Añibarro-Ortega e pelos contratos de J. Pinela (CEECIND/01011/2018) e L. Barros (CEEC Institucional). Trabalho financiado pelo Projeto POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072241: IntegraValor, cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) do Portugal 2020, e pelo Projeto Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®, cofinanciado pelo FEDER através do Programa Operacional Regional Norte 2020. À empresa "Ponto Agrícola Unipessoal, Lda" pelo fornecimento do material vegetalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desenvolvimento de corantes bioativos a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha usando extrações assistidas por calor e ultrassom

Atualmente, o uso de corantes artificiais está envolto em controvérsia devido a questões de segurança, enquanto as alternativas naturais são ainda limitadas devido à falta de fontes sustentáveis, ao custo de produção e a questões de estabilidade. As antocianinas são pigmentos bioativos encontrados em frutos vermelhos, como a framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.), responsáveis por um leque de cores do vermelho ao roxo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um corante natural bioativo rico em antocianinas a partir de subprodutos de framboesa vermelha. Para a otimização de processos de extração assistidos por calor (EC) e ultrassom (EU), foram implementados desenhos experimentais de composto central circunscrito acoplados à metodologia de superfície de resposta, considerando o tempo, a percentagem de etanol e a temperatura ou potência ultrassónica como variáveis independentes. Os teores de antocianinas (quantificados por HPLC-DAD) foram usados na construção dos modelos preditivos. A EC originou valores de resposta (8,5 mg/g) ligeiramente superiores aos da EU (8,3 mg/g), mas envolveu um tempo de extração mais longo (76 min), enquanto a EU precisou de apenas 16 min de sonicação. Os extratos obtidos nas condições otimizadas foram testados in vitro e apresentaram atividade antioxidante e efeitos antibacterianos. Foi assim demostrado o potencial dos subprodutos de framboesa vermelha e dos métodos de extração para a obtenção de corantes naturais bioativos.À Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) pelo apoio financeiro ao CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) através dos fundos nacionais FCT/MCTES; à FCT pela bolsa de doutoramento (2020.06297.BD) de M. Añibarro-Ortega e pelos contratos de J. Pinela (CEECIND/01011/2018) e L. Barros (CEEC Institucional). Trabalho financiado pelo Projeto POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072241: IntegraValor, cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) do Portugal 2020, e pelo Projeto Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®, cofinanciado pelo FEDER através do Programa Operacional Regional Norte 2020. À empresa "Ponto Agrícola Unipessoal, Lda" pelo fornecimento do material vegetalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Incongruence between transcriptional and vascular pathophysiological cell states

Research in R.B.’s laboratory was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant AngioGenesHD (638028) and Consolidator Grant AngioUnrestUHD (101001814), the CNIC Intramural Grant Program Severo Ochoa (11-2016-IGP-SEV-2015-0505), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) (SAF2013-44329-P, RYC-2013- 13209, and SAF2017-89299-P) and ‘La Caixa’ Banking Foundation (HR19-00120). J.V.’s laboratory was supported by MCIN (PGC2018- 097019-B-I00 and PID2021-122348NB-I00) and La Caixa (HR17-00247 and HR22-00253). K.G.’s laboratory was supported by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2020.0057) and Vetenskapsrådet (2021-04896). The CNIC is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MCIN, and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Microscopy experiments were performed at the Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, CNIC, ICTS-ReDib, co-funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER ‘Una manera de hacer Europa’ (ICTS-2018-04-CNIC-16). M.F.-C. was supported by PhD fellowships from La Caixa (CX_E-2015-01) and Boehringer Ingelheim travel grants. S.M. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (J4358). A.R. was supported by the Youth Employment Initiative (PEJD-2019-PRE/BMD-16990). L.G.-O. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PRE2018-085283). We thank S. Bartlett (CNIC) for English editing, as well as the members of the Transgenesis, Microscopy, Genomics, Citometry and Bioinformatic units at CNIC. We also thank F. Radtke (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research), R. H. Adams (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine), F. Alt (Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School), T. Honjo (Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Studies), I. Flores (CNIC), J. Lewis (Cancer Research UK London Research Institute), S. Habu (Tokai University School of Medicine), T. Gridley (Maine Health Institute for Research) and C. Brakebusch (Biotech Research and Innovation Centre) for sharing the Dll4floxed, Notch1floxed, Notch2floxed, Cdh5(PAC)-creERT2, Myc floxed, Rbpj floxed, p21−/−, Jag1floxed, Dll1floxed, Jag2floxed and Rac1floxed mice.S

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011