117 research outputs found
Predicting Beta Decay Energy with Machine Learning
represents one of the most important factors characterizing
unstable nuclei, as it can lead to a better understanding of nuclei behavior
and the origin of heavy atoms. Recently, machine learning methods have been
shown to be a powerful tool to increase accuracy in the prediction of diverse
atomic properties such as energies, atomic charges, volumes, among others.
Nonetheless, these methods are often used as a black box not allowing
unraveling insights into the phenomena under analysis. Here, the
state-of-the-art precision of the -decay energy on experimental data is
outperformed by means of an ensemble of machine-learning models. The
explainability tools implemented to eliminate the black box concern allowed to
identify uncertainty and atomic number as the most relevant characteristics to
predict energies. Furthermore, physics-informed feature addition
improved models' robustness and raised vital characteristics of theoretical
models of the nuclear structure
Identification and rejection of scattered neutrons in AGATA
Gamma rays and neutrons, emitted following spontaneous fission of 252Cf, were
measured in an AGATA experiment performed at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di
Legnaro in Italy. The setup consisted of four AGATA triple cluster detectors
(12 36-fold segmented high-purity germanium crystals), placed at a distance of
50 cm from the source, and 16 HELENA BaF2 detectors. The aim of the experiment
was to study the interaction of neutrons in the segmented high-purity germanium
detectors of AGATA and to investigate the possibility to discriminate neutrons
and gamma rays with the gamma-ray tracking technique. The BaF2 detectors were
used for a time-of-flight measurement, which gave an independent discrimination
of neutrons and gamma rays and which was used to optimise the gamma-ray
tracking-based neutron rejection methods. It was found that standard gamma-ray
tracking, without any additional neutron rejection features, eliminates
effectively most of the interaction points due to recoiling Ge nuclei after
elastic scattering of neutrons. Standard tracking rejects also a significant
amount of the events due to inelastic scattering of neutrons in the germanium
crystals. Further enhancements of the neutron rejection was obtained by setting
conditions on the following quantities, which were evaluated for each event by
the tracking algorithm: energy of the first and second interaction point,
difference in the calculated incoming direction of the gamma ray,
figure-of-merit value. The experimental results of tracking with neutron
rejection agree rather well with Geant4 simulations
Discrimination of gamma rays due to inelastic neutron scattering in AGATA
Possibilities of discriminating neutrons and gamma rays in the AGATA
gamma-ray tracking spectrometer have been investigated with the aim of reducing
the background due to inelastic scattering of neutrons in the high-purity
germanium crystals. This background may become a serious problem especially in
experiments with neutron-rich radioactive ion beams. Simulations using the
Geant4 toolkit and a tracking program based on the forward tracking algorithm
were carried out by emitting neutrons and gamma rays from the center of AGATA.
Three different methods were developed and tested in order to find
'fingerprints' of the neutron interaction points in the detectors. In a
simulation with simultaneous emission of six neutrons with energies in the
range 1-5 MeV and ten gamma rays with energies between 150 and 1450 keV, the
peak-to-background ratio at a gamma-ray energy of 1.0 MeV was improved by a
factor of 2.4 after neutron rejection with a reduction of the photopeak
efficiency at 1.0 MeV of only a factor of 1.25.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research, A, 26 May 2009; 13 pages, 5 tables, 12 figure
Response of AGATA Segmented HPGe Detectors to Gamma Rays up to 15.1 MeV
The response of AGATA segmented HPGe detectors to gamma rays in the energy
range 2-15 MeV was measured. The 15.1 MeV gamma rays were produced using the
reaction d(11B,ng)12C at Ebeam = 19.1 MeV, while gamma-rays between 2 to 9 MeV
were produced using an Am-Be-Fe radioactive source. The energy resolution and
linearity were studied and the energy-to-pulse-height conversion resulted to be
linear within 0.05%. Experimental interaction multiplicity distributions are
discussed and compared with the results of Geant4 simulations. It is shown that
the application of gamma-ray tracking allows a suppression of background
radiation following neutron capture by Ge nuclei. Finally the Doppler
correction for the 15.1 MeV gamma line, performed using the position
information extracted with Pulse-shape Analysis, is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Long-term outcome in relationship to neonatal transfusion volume in extremely premature infants: a comparative cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In premature born infants red blood cell (RBC) transfusions have been associated with both beneficial and detrimental sequels. Upon RBC transfusion, improvement in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation have been observed, while a more liberal transfusion policy may be associated with a better developmental outcome. The effect of the transfusion volume on long-term outcome is not known.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Observational follow-up study of a cohort of extremely premature born infants, treated in 2 neonatal intensive care units using a different transfusion volume (15 ml/kg in Unit A and 20 ml/kg in Unit B). The primary outcome was a composite of post discharge mortality, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness or deafness, evaluated at a mean corrected age (CA) of 24 months related to the transfusion volume/kg bodyweight administered during the postnatal hospital stay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Despite the difference in transfusion volume in clinically comparable groups of infants, they received a similar number of transfusions (5.5 ± 3.2 versus 5.5 ± 2.3 respectively in Unit A and B). The total transfused volume in unit A was 79 ± 47 ml/kg and 108 ± 47 ml/kg in unit B (p = 0.02). Total transfused RBC volume per kg bodyweight was not an independent predictor of the composite outcome (p = 0.96, OR 1.0 (CI 0.9-1.1).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There was no relationship between the composite outcome at 24 months CA and transfusion volume received during the post natal hospital stay. As there was no clinical advantage of the higher transfusion volume, a more restrictive volume will reduce total transfusion volume and donor exposure. Future research on the optimal transfusion volume per event to extreme preterm infants should include larger, prospective studies with a longer follow-up period through to childhood or even adolescence.</p
A virtual reality collaborative planning simulator and its method for three machines in a fully mechanized coal mining face
The existing automatic control program and its parameters for three machines in a fully mechanized Coal Mining face are static and simplex and are therefore inadequate for satisfying the complex and dynamic environment of underground coal mines. To overcome this problem, a collaborative mathematical model is established that includes the effects of a dynamic environment. A virtual reality collaborative planning simulator with methods for the three machines is also proposed based on a multi-agent system. According to the dynamic characteristics of the environment, equipment, and technologies, a fully mechanized Unity3D simulator (FMUnitySim) is designed in terms of multiple factors and multiple dimensions. The factors affecting the coordinated operation of the three machines are analyzed and modeled. The communication modes, coordination, and redundant sensing process among multiple agents, which include the shearer agent and the scraper conveyor agent, are also investigated in detail. Using this system, the key parameters of the three machines can be planned and adjusted online to design and distinctly observe the corresponding collaborative simulations of coordinated operation with multiple perspectives and in real time. Tests of different maximum shearer haulage speeds for regular or reverse transporting coal are designed; their key parameters, including the average shearer haulage speed, average follower distance, and average scraper conveyor load, are planned and simulated using FMUnitySim. The optimal parameter combination is obtained by analyzing and comparing the simulation results. The proposed FMUnitySim offers an effective means and theoretical basis for the rapid planning and safe automatic production of a fully mechanized Coal Mining face
WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is challenging; a variable combination of clinical signs and symptoms has been used together with laboratory findings in several scoring systems proposed for suggesting the probability of AA and the possible subsequent management pathway. The role of imaging in the diagnosis of AA is still debated, with variable use of US, CT and MRI in different settings worldwide. Up to date, comprehensive clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management of AA have never been issued. In July 2015, during the 3rd World Congress of the WSES, held in Jerusalem (Israel), a panel of experts including an Organizational Committee and Scientific Committee and Scientific Secretariat, participated to a Consensus Conference where eight panelists presented a number of statements developed for each of the eight main questions about diagnosis and management of AA. The statements were then voted, eventually modified and finally approved by the participants to The Consensus Conference and lately by the board of co-authors. The current paper is reporting the definitive Guidelines Statements on each of the following topics: 1) Diagnostic efficiency of clinical scoring systems, 2) Role of Imaging, 3) Non-operative treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis, 4) Timing of appendectomy and in-hospital delay, 5) Surgical treatment 6) Scoring systems for intra-operative grading of appendicitis and their clinical usefulness 7) Non-surgical treatment for complicated appendicitis: abscess or phlegmon 8) Pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics.Peer reviewe
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