Conflicting phylogenomic signals reveal a pattern of reticulate evolution in a recent high‐Andean diversification (Asteraceae: Astereae: Diplostephium)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/1/nph14530_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/2/nph14530.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137610/3/nph14530-sup-0001-SupInfo.pd

Eight new species of Gomphichis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia

Eight new species of the genus Gomphichis from Colombia are described. Each species is illustrated, and detailed habitat and distribution data are provided. A distribution map of the new species is presented. A dichotomous key for determination of the Gomphichis species in northern South America is provided. Conservation status assessments are provided for each species; current International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categories and criteria are listed. A brief discussion of spiranthoid orchids taxonomy, conservation status of species, endemism in the Andes and paramo are presented

Genetic diversity in the Andes:variation within and between the South American species of <i>Oreobolus</i> R. Br. (Cyperaceae)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.This study examines genetic relationships among and within the South American species of Oreobolus that span the temperate and tropical Andes hotspots and represent a good case study to investigate diversification in the Páramo. A total of 197 individuals covering the distributional range of most of these species were sequenced for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 118 individuals for three chloroplast DNA regions (trnL-F, trnH-psbA and rpl32-trnL). Haplotype networks and measures of genetic diversity were calculated at different taxonomic and geographic levels. To test for possible geographic structure, a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) was undertaken and species relationships were recovered using a coalescent-based approach. Results indicate complex relationships among the five South American species of Oreobolus, which are likely to have been confounded by incomplete lineage sorting, though hybridization cannot be completely discarded as an influence on genetic patterns, particularly among the northern populations of O. obtusangulus and O. cleefii. We report a case of cryptic speciation in O. obtusangulus where northern and southern populations of morphologically similar individuals are genetically distinct in all analyses. At the population level, the genetic evidence is consistent with contraction and expansion of islands of Páramo vegetation during the climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary, highlighting the role of these processes in shaping modern diversity in that ecosystem.This work was funded by a School of Biological Sciences Scholarship provided through The University of Edinburgh. We thank the herbaria at Aarhus University, (Denmark), Naturalis (The Netherlands) and Reading University (Great Britain) for making material available for DNA extraction. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and James Nicholls from The University of Edinburgh for assistance with the *BEAST analysis

New species of Ceratostema (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) from the northern Andes

Volume: 67Start Page: 485End Page: 49