ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO SISTEMA ESTADUAL DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DE MINAS GERAIS

Conservation Units (UC) are especially protected areas for the protection of natural resources. Minas Gerais state shelter various UC created by the various levels of government. This study aimed to identify and discuss aspects of management currently undertaken by the State System of Protected Areas of Minas Gerais (SEAP), as well as its advances, trends and obstacles, especially related to: cycle management and monitoring of results, levels of strategic management and operational; agreement results, the State Program for Results; Deployment System Management of Protected Areas - SIGAP, planning tools, relationship to the community and popular participation, human resources policy, management shared, policy cost and financing activities and bottlenecks of the process of managing the State System of Protected Areas - SEAP. The methodology used was a semi-structured interviews and questionnaires applied to all managers of UC. The results showed that the use of planning tools and management of SEAP were effective in the opinion of managers. However, they were still appointed, as limitations of the efficiency of the management of UC, the lack of infrastructure and human resources. Co-management of UC with partner institutions shows to be appropriate and promising.As Unidades de Conservação (UC) são espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos para a proteção dos recursos naturais. Minas Gerais abriga UC criadas pelos vários níveis de governo. O trabalho objetivou identificar e discutir os aspectos da gestão atualmente realizados pelo Sistema Estadual de Áreas Protegidas de Minas Gerais (SEAP), assim como seus avanços, tendências e entraves, especialmente sobre: ciclo de gestão e monitoramento de resultados; níveis de gestão estratégica e operacional; acordo de Resultados; Programa do Estado para Resultados; implantação do Sistema de Gestão de Áreas Protegidas (SIGAP); ferramentas de planejamento; relação com a comunidade e participação popular; política de recursos humanos; gestão compartilhada; política de custeio e financiamento de atividades e gargalos do processo de gestão do SEAP. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionários aplicados a todos os gerentes de UC. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de ferramentas de planejamento e gestão do SEAP, na opinião dos gerentes, foi eficiente. No entanto, ainda foram apontados, como limitações da eficiência da gestão das UC, a falta de infra-estrutura e de recursos humanos. A co-gestão das UC com instituições parceiras mostra-se adequada e promissora

EFEITOS DE RESTOS CULTURAIS DE MILHO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE CAFEEIROS

Coffee crop planted to areas previously planted to corn have experienced negative effects on seedlings development, probably due to allelochemicals left in the soil by corn plants. With the objective of identifying the effects of corn straws on the initial growth and development of coffee seedlings, one greenhouse experiment was established at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil. The treatments were constituted by four coffee cultivars planted to pots filled with a mixture of field soil and five corn hybrid dried straws, harvested from field at flowering stage and incorporated at 8 t ha-1. Coffee seedlings growth parameters were measured at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after planting (DAP). The GNZ 2004 corn hybrid straw promoted 18,76% increase in coffee seedlings leaf area at 90 DAP when compared with control without straw. Chlorophyll content and stem dry matter of Catuaí coffee cultivar were inhibited by GNZ 2005 corn hybrid, however GNZ 2004 promoted increase in these parameters of Topázio cultivar. Straw incorporation of GNZ 2004 and P30K75 corn hybrids showed increase in roots dry matter accumulation of coffee seedlings at 90 DAP.A implantação da cultura de café em áreas plantadas com milho em anos anteriores tem mostrado efeitos negativos sobre o desenvolvimento das mudas transplantadas, provavelmente devido aos aleloquímicos do milho deixados no solo. Com o objetivo de identificar, em casa-de-vegetação, os efeitos que palhas de milho exercem sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de café, foi instalado um experimento, na UFLA, Lavras – Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cultivares de café e incorporações de palhas de híbridos de milho colhidas em campo, no estádio 2, emissão do pendão. Efetuou-se a incorporação na proporção de 8 t ha-1 de palha seca, em seguida plantou-se as mudas, sendo estas avaliadas aos 7, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o plantio. O híbrido de milho GNZ 2004, quando incorporado, causou aumento de 18,76% na área foliar de plantas de café, em relação ao tratamento sem palha aos 90 DAP. O teor de clorofila e a biomassa seca do caule do cultivar de café Catucaí foram prejudicados pela palha do híbrido de milho GNZ2005, entretanto, o Topázio foi beneficiado pela palha do GNZ2004. A incorporação de palha dos híbridos GNZ2004 e P30K75 favoreceram o acúmulo de biomassa pelas raízes de plantas de café aos 90 DAP. 

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in tau final states

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson using hadronically decaying tau leptons, in 1 inverse femtobarn of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar collider. We select two final states: tau plus missing transverse energy and b jets, and tau+ tau- plus jets. These final states are sensitive to a combination of associated W/Z boson plus Higgs boson, vector boson fusion and gluon-gluon fusion production processes. The observed ratio of the combined limit on the Higgs production cross section at the 95% C.L. to the standard model expectation is 29 for a Higgs boson mass of 115 GeV.Comment: publication versio

Search for W' bosons decaying to an electron and a neutrino with the D0 detector

This Letter describes the search for a new heavy charged gauge boson W' decaying into an electron and a neutrino. The data were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 1 inverse femtobarn. Lacking any significant excess in the data in comparison with known processes, an upper limit is set on the production cross section times branching fraction, and a W' boson with mass below 1.00 TeV can be excluded at the 95% C.L., assuming standard-model-like couplings to fermions. This result significantly improves upon previous limits, and is the most stringent to date.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery