A mensuração da desigualdade de gênero : um índice para os estados brasileiros

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Departamento de Economia, 2012.Esta monografia estima a magnitude da desigualdade entre homens e mulheres em cada unidade federativa do Brasil. Com esse propósito, foi construído o Índice Nacional de Desigualdade de Gênero (INDG) com base no Global Gender Gap Index, que é formulado pelo Fórum Econômico Mundial. O INDG é composto por quatro dimensões – economia, educação, política e saúde – e foi elaborado a partir da coleta de dados governamentais online e de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2009. Os resultados do INDG são heterogêneos entre os estados brasileiros, principalmente no que tange à atividade econômica e à representatividade política. De forma geral, os estados do Norte e do Nordeste obtiveram pontuações maiores do que os estados do Centro-Sul, indicando que a renda parece não determinar de forma linear a desigualdade de gênero, não sendo assim possível conceituar o status das mulheres como um resultado direto do desenvolvimento econômico. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study estimates the magnitude of inequality between men and women in each Brazilian state. To this purpose, the National Index of Gender Inequality (INDG) was developed based on the Global Gender Gap Index, which is formulated by the World Economic Forum. The INDG consists of four dimensions – employment, education, politics and health – and was drawn from the collection of online government data and microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 2009. The INDG results are heterogeneous among Brazilian states, mainly in relation to economic activity and political representation. In general, Northern and Northeastern states showed higher scores than Mid-Southern ones, indicating that income does not seem to linearly determine gender inequality and that it is therefore not possible to conceptualize women`s status as a direct result of economic development

“Does Everybody Want the Hollywood Fairytale?” Same-Sex Couples Hinting at the Second Demographic Transition in Brazil

This article examines same-sex couples as a sign of the Second Demographic Transition, investigating how gay and lesbian couples living together in Brasília build their family, whether they intend to have children, and what challenges they face. We conducted semi-structured interviews online to investigate the family formation process and parenting intentions of 42 couples living together in Brasília in 2019, 20 lesbian and 22 gay couples. The organizing themes in the interviews were marriage, children, work, and stigma. This study advances existing scholarship on families by articulating points of connection between the legal institution of same-sex marriage in Brazil, changing social norms regarding family life, and parental gender expectations as signs of the Second Demographic Transition. Studying same-sex couples contribute to a more complex understanding of the family, the gendered division of labor, and the dimension of fertility and parenting intentions

"¿Todos quieren el cuento de hadas de Hollywood?”: Parejas del mismo sexo señalan la Segunda Transición Demográfica en Brasil

This article examines same-sex couples as a sign of the Second Demographic Transition, investigating how gay and lesbian couples living together in Brasília build their family, whether they intend to have children, and what challenges they face. We conducted semi-structured interviews online to investigate the family formation process and parenting intentions of 42 couples living together in Brasília in 2019, 20 lesbian and 22 gay couples. The organizing themes in the interviews were marriage, children, work, and stigma. This study advances existing scholarship on families by articulating points of connection between the legal institution of same-sex marriage in Brazil, changing social norms regarding family life, and parental gender expectations as signs of the Second Demographic Transition. Studying same-sex couples contribute to a more complex understanding of the family, the gendered division of labor, and the dimension of fertility and parenting intentions.Este artículo observa a las parejas del mismo sexo como un signo de la Segunda Transición Demográfica, investigando cómo las parejas de gais y lesbianas que viven juntos en Brasilia construyen su familia, si tienen la intención de tener hijos y qué desafíos enfrentan. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas en línea para investigar el proceso de formación familiar y las intenciones de parentalidad de 42 parejas que vivían juntas en Brasilia en 2019, 20 parejas de lesbianas y 22 parejas de gais. Los temas de las entrevistas fueron el matrimonio, los hijos, el trabajo y el estigma. Este artículo avanza en la investigación sobre las familias al articular puntos de conexión entre la institución legal del matrimonio y las personas del mismo sexo en Brasil, el cambio de las normas sociales con respecto a la vida familiar y a las expectativas de género como signos de la Segunda Transición Demográfica. El estudio de las parejas del mismo sexo contribuye a una comprensión más compleja de la familia, de la división del trabajo por género y de la dimensión de la fertilidad y las intenciones de parentalidad

Mainstreaming gender policies in a context of a pandemic: The case of COVID-19 in Brazil

Are Brazilian women more vulnerable to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic? What is the role of a developing context and institutional violence to reinforce this vulnerability? Do the policies implemented by Brazilian government to deal with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country take into account gender mainstreaming? Do the proposed COVID-19 interventions serve to further weaken women’s access to and control over resources? Or do they support women’s capacity to cope with the pandemic, enhance their skills and provide them with the means to rebuild their lives

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved