Programas de promoção da saúde no ensino superior: uma revisão de escopo

Objective: To examine and map occupational health promotion programmes implemented with teachers in higher education institutions. Method: Scoping Review, according to the JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. The research used MESH: Faculty, Health Promotion, Occupational Health and Universities, made up by a combination of fifteen keywords performed in scientific MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Additional records identified through other sources was performed in the RCAAP, Thesis CAPES and specialized journals databases, with no temporal limit. Results: 2498 studies were found, of which 57 were read in full and 28 were part of the final selection. Most studies have established causal relationships between variables. Data mapping showed a large number of studies aimed at assessing the health and well-being of the academic community, with the development of individual and collective skills. Empowerment and learning opportunities on health issues were mentioned in the interventions aimed at promoting physical and mental health and well-being. Conclusions: All programmes assumed that the promotion of literacy influenced well-being and quality of life. This work makes it possible to guide occupational health interventions for the creation of healthy environments and implementation of healthy public policies that support and reorient conditions favorable to the health of individuals and communities and provide the promotion of well-being and healthy lifestyles in universities.Objetivo: Examinar y mapear los programas de promoción de salud ocupacional implementados con los docentes de las instituciones de educación superior. Método: Revisión de alcance, según el JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. En la búsqueda se utilizaron los MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health and Universities, compuesta por una combinación de quince palabras clave en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO y Web of Science. La búsqueda manual se realizó en las bases de datos RCAAP, CAPES Thesis y revistas especializadas, sin límite de temporal. Resultados: Se encontraron 2.498 estudios, 57 fueron leídos en su totalidad y 28 formaron parte de la selección final. La mayoría de los estudios han establecido causales entre las variables. El mapeo de datos mostró un gran número de estudios dirigidos a evaluar la salud y el bienestar de la comunidad académica, con el desarrollo de habilidades individuales y colectivas. Las intervenciones destinadas a promover la salud física y mental y el bienestar se mencionaron las oportunidades de empoderamiento y aprendizaje sobre cuestiones de salud. Conclusión: Todos los programas asumieron que la promoción de la alfabetización influye en el bienestar y la calidad de vida. Este trabajo permite orientar las intervenciones de salud ocupacional para la creación de ambientes saludables y la implementación de políticas públicas saludables que apoyen y reorienten las condiciones favorables a la salud de los individuos y las comunidades, y que promuevan el bienestar y estilos de vida saludables en las universidadesObjetivo: Mapear e examinar os programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados com professores de instituições de ensino superior. Método: Revisão de escopo, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Na busca foram utilizados os MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health e Universities, composta por uma combinação de 15 palavras-chaves nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO e Web of Science. A busca manual foi realizada nas bases RCAAP, Banco de Teses da CAPES e periódicos especializados, sem limite temporal. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2498 estudos, sendo 57 lidos na íntegra e 28 compuseram a seleção final. A maioria dos estudos estabeleceu relações de causalidade entre variáveis. O mapeamento dos dados evidenciou um grande número de estudos voltados para a avaliação da saúde e bem-estar da comunidade acadêmica, com desenvolvimento de habilidades individuais e coletivas. O empowerment e as oportunidades de aprendizagem sobre as questões de saúde foram mencionados nas intervenções que visavam à promoção da saúde física e mental e do bem-estar. Conclusões: Todos os programas assumiram que a promoção da literacia influenciava o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida. Este trabalho possibilita nortear as intervenções em saúde ocupacional para criação de ambientes saudáveis e implementação de políticas públicas saudáveis que apoiam e reorientam as condições favoráveis à saúde dos indivíduos e coletividades, além de proporcionarem a promoção de bem-estar e do estilo de vida saudável nas universidades. &nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Programas de promoção de saúde ocupacional implementados em professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior

Health promotion initiatives should be used to develop policies capable of producing changes in lifestyles and prevention of environmental risks through organizational, economic, technological, motivational and educational strategies, keeping as focus the action on the labor environment, in which the workers stand out as protagonists.The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the programs of occupational health promotion implemented with professors of higher education institutions.The review will focus on the following questions:In what domains and / or thematic areas did the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professors?What were the objectives proposed by the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professors?What are the methodologies and / or intervention strategies used by the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professor? Regarding the methodology to develop this protocol, consisting of five steps; the clinical question, search for scientific evidence, critical analysis of the evidence, transfer of evidence and evaluationIniciativas de promoção da saúde devem ser utilizadas para desenvolver políticas capazes de produzir mudanças no estilo de vida e prevenção de riscos ambientais por meio de estratégias organizacionais, econômicas, tecnológicas, motivacionais e educacionais, mantendo como foco a ação no ambiente de trabalho, em que os trabalhadores se destacam como protagonistas. O objetivo desta revisão de escopo é examinar e mapear os programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados com professores de instituições de ensino superior. A revisão incidirá sobre as seguintes questões: Em que domínios e/ou áreas temáticas foram implementados os programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional nos professores do ensino superior? Quais foram os objetivos propostos pelos programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados em professores do ensino superior? Quais são as metodologias e/ou estratégias de intervenção utilizadas pelos programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados em professores do ensino superior? Quanto à metodologia para desenvolvimento deste protocolo, será composta por cinco etapas: questão clínica, busca de evidências científicas, análise crítica das evidências, transferência de evidências e avaliação.Las iniciativas de promoción de la salud deben ser utilizadas para desarrollar políticas capaces de producir cambios en el estilo de vida y prevención de riesgos ambientales a través de estrategias organizacionales, económicas, tecnológicas, motivacionales y educativas, manteniendo como foco la acción en el ambiente de trabajo, en que los trabajadores se destacan como protagonistas. El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance es examinar y mapear los programas de promoción de la salud ocupacional implementados con profesores de instituciones de enseñanza superior. La revisión se centrará en las siguientes cuestiones: ¿En qué ámbitos y / o áreas temáticas se han aplicado los programas de promoción de la salud ocupacional en los profesores de enseñanza superior? ¿Cuáles fueron los objetivos propuestos por los programas de promoción de la salud ocupacional implementados en profesores de enseñanza superior? ¿Cuáles son las metodologías y / o estrategias de intervención utilizadas por los programas de promoción de la salud ocupacional implementados en profesores de enseñanza superior? En cuanto a la metodología para el desarrollo de este protocolo está compuesta por cinco etapas; la cuestión clínica, búsqueda de evidencias científicas, análisis crítico de las evidencias, transferencia de evidencias y evaluación

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved