unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action

Funding Information: We thank the global Lancet Countdown and the Wellcome Trust (grant number 209734/Z/17/Z) for their financial and technical support. We acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 101057131 (Horizon Europe project CATALYSE) and grant agreement number 101057554 (Horizon Europe project IDAlert). For the development of the Leishmaniasis indicator, we acknowledge support from Climate Monitoring and Decision Support Framework for Sand Fly-borne Disease Detection and Mitigation with Cost-benefit and Climate Policy Measures (CLIMOS; 101057690) and UK Research and Innovation (10038150 and 10039289). We thank the EU Climate Change and Health Cluster, which includes the CATALYSE, IDAlert, and CLIMOS grants. SD and EJZR report support from COST Action PROCLIAS (PROcess-based models for CLimate Impact Attribution across Sectors), funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). MSp and JP report funding from the Horizon Europe project SYLVA (grant 101086109) and Academy of Finland project ALL-IMPRESS, grant 329215. MSp reports funding from the Wellcome Trust (205212/Z/16/Z & 225318/Z/22/Z). RH, MSo, and RK report funding from HEATCOST (Academy of Finland grant number 334798), Horizon projects FirEUrisk (101003890), EXHAUSTION (grant 820655), and ENBEL (grant 101003966).proofinpres

Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded

The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : towards a climate resilient future

In the past few decades, major public health advances have happened in Europe, with drastic decreases in premature mortality and a life expectancy increase of almost 9 years since 1980. European countries have some of the best health-care systems in the world. However, Europe is challenged with unprecedented and overlapping crises that are detrimental to human health and livelihoods and threaten adaptive capacity, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the fastest-growing migrant crisis since World War 2, population displacement, environmental degradation, and deepening inequalities. Compared with pre-industrial times, the mean average European surface air temperature increase has been almost 1°C higher than the average global temperature increase, and 2022 was the hottest European summer on record. As the world’s third largest economy and a major contributor to global cumulative greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is a key stakeholder in the world’s response to climate change and has a global responsibility and opportunity to lead the transition to becoming a low-carbon economy and a healthier, more resilient society. The Lancet Countdown in Europe is a collaboration of 44 leading researchers, established to monitor the links between health and climate change in Europe and to support a robust, evidence-informed response to protect human health. Mirroring the Global Lancet Countdown, this report monitors the health effects of climate change and the health co-benefits of climate action in Europe. Indicators will be updated on an annual basis and new indicators will be incorporated to provide a broad overview to help guide policies to create a more climate-resilient future