Quale visione di sostenibilit\ue0 per i territori montani? Voce agli esperti

Declinare la sostenibilit\ue0 a livello locale significa considerare le caratteristiche di ogni territorio comprendendone le priorit\ue0, le necessit\ue0 e le ambizioni. Le montagne, spesso trascurate nelle programmazioni e direttive nazionali ed internazionali, sono luoghi in cui lo sviluppo sostenibile pu\uf2 e deve essere perseguito unendo le risorse naturalistiche e paesaggistiche con le potenzialit\ue0 economiche e sociali in esse racchiuse. Per riconoscere e valorizzare il ruolo attivo dei territori montani nel processo di localizzazione dei 17 Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile e nell\u2019implementazione del piano d\u2019azione proposto dall\u2019Agenda 2030 internazionale, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei ed il Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche dell\u2019Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Verona hanno organizzato l\u2019evento \u201cQuale visione di sostenibilit\ue0 per i territori montani? Un dialogo tra studiosi e abitanti\u201d. Il primo dei due appuntamenti ha ospitato in un webinar online contributi multidisciplinari di esperti di montagne. Il presente Workshop Brief fornisce una sintesi strutturata di questo evento

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Port of the Future - Addressing Efficiency and Sustainability at the Port of Livorno with 5G

Adapting traditional business models to be more cost-effective, and socially and environmentally sustainable – the triple bottom line of sustainable development – is becoming increasingly important. This applies to all industries, diverse and multidimensional sectors and activities, of which ports are a key example. This can be achieved by implementing sustainable port growth policies, through new or re-designed operational planning. As part of this, introducing new technologies into port processes and ecosystems that factor in the environment, but have wider-reaching benefits, will enable a move towards the port of the future. Although the expected consequences of a changed climate are one of the reasons behind actions in coastal protection and port management, issues such as scarcity of prime building locations, use of resources, environmental impact and the lives of neighboring communities also affect business decisions. 5G networks and digital technologies are crucial to addressing these challenges and transforming port operations to generate sustainable development. Different methods can be used to measure the impact of technological advancements on competitiveness, efficiency and growth of the sector. In this report, however, we identify the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their corresponding measurable key port performance indicators that can be used to monitor sustainability performance and help make business decisions for port master plans. Launched in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the 17 SDGs and their 169 associated targets represent an authoritative global guideline to achieving sustainability across different sectors. The agenda has many targets that can be directly or indirectly linked to port operations. These include the protection and management of ecosystems, as well as goals related to infrastructure and the circular economy, sustainable cities and communities, principles of good corporate governance, and data transmissibility and partnership relations management. With a timeline stretching to 2030, port authorities have time and capacity to contribute to the accomplishment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving the SDGs also requires public and private sector partnerships. In such a setup, port community actors are engines for change. They not only facilitate the reduction of emissions, to enable energy transition and stimulate the circular economy, but are also points of dialogue with urban stakeholders and port cities

Economia Circolare: Una sfida che parte dalla città

Cicularity is an anabling factor for sustainability. This is why the objectives of the circular economy and many of the goals of the Agenda 2030 that explicitly refer to the coties are closely linked. Circularity and sustainability are essential for a city's resilience and competitiveness

Breaking the Silos: Smart Cities, Circular Cities, Sustainable Cities

Le città sono i luoghi in cui si riflettono le principali sfide ed opportunità dei giorni nostri. Quelle che chiamiamo Città intelligenti, Città circolari e Città sostenibili non sono altro che tre varianti non sovrapponibili di uno stesso progetto, volte ad includere ambiti e strumenti diversi per uno sviluppo urbano di tipo sostenibile. Tuttavia, considerata la non unitarietà delle loro definizioni, così come degli strumenti di valutazione per misurarne caratteristiche e limiti, appare ancora incerta la possibilità di classificare in un unico appellativo quelle che auspichiamo essere le Città del futuro. Per integrare le tre tipologie di città e superare le dualità esistenti tra innovazione tecnologica, crescita socio-economica e resilienza ecologica, è necessaria una stretta collaborazione tra governance e comunità, supportata da un appropriato sistema di infrastrutture e sensibile al fattore umano delle cities

Methodological Insights to Measure the Agenda 2030 at Urban Level in Italy

In this paper, we deal with the issue of measuring the Agenda 2030 at the urban level in Italy; the results are useful for the policy analysis and dissemination of sustainable development at the local level. The proposed tool merges 53 available economic, social and environmental elementary indicators into 16 composite indices and one composite dimension representing 16 out of 17 Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The contribution of the paper is twofold: While the results of the indices show the geographical and demographic heterogeneity within the country when considering each of the 16 dimensions, the methodological discussion highlights the complexity of the phenomena, due to the multidimensional definition of the Agenda 2030

Bicrossproduct vs. twist quantum symmetries in noncommutative geometries: the case of ϱ-Minkowski

Abstract We discuss the quantum Poincaré symmetries of the ϱ-Minkowski spacetime, a space characterised by an angular form of noncommutativity. We show that it is possible to give them both a bicrossproduct and a Drinfel’d twist structure. We also obtain a new noncommutative ⋆-product, which is cyclic with respect to the standard integral measure

Genetic Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Waterbirds in Northeast Italy Using Two Different Sampling Strategies

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs), which circulate endemically in wild aquatic birds, pose a significant threat to poultry and raise concerns for their zoonotic potential. From August 2021 to April 2022, a multi-site cross-sectional study involving active AIV epidemiological monitoring was conducted in wetlands of the Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy, adjacent to densely populated poultry areas. A total of 129 cloacal swab samples (CSs) and 407 avian faecal droppings samples (FDs) were collected, with 7 CSs (5.4%) and 4 FDs (1%) testing positive for the AIV matrix gene through rRT-PCR. A COI-barcoding protocol was applied to recognize the species of origin of AIV-positive FDs. Multiple low-pathogenic AIV subtypes were identified, and five of these were isolated, including an H5N3, an H1N1, and three H9N2 in wild ducks. Following whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses of the hereby obtained strains showed close genetic relationships with AIVs detected in countries along the Black Sea/Mediterranean migratory flyway. Notably, none of the analyzed gene segments were genetically related to HPAI H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated from Italian poultry during the concurrent 2021–2022 epidemic. Overall, the detected AIV genetic diversity emphasizes the necessity for ongoing monitoring in wild hosts using diverse sampling strategies and whole-genome sequencing