Cross Sections for the Reactions e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi-, K+ K- pi0pi0, and K+ K- K+ K- Measured Using Initial-State Radiation Events

We study the processes e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi-gamma, K+ K- pi0pi0gamma, and K+ K- K+ K-gamma, where the photon is radiated from the initial state. About 84000, 8000, and 4200 fully reconstructed events, respectively, are selected from 454 fb-1 of BaBar data. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the \epem center-of-mass energy, so that the K+ K- pi+pi- data can be compared with direct measurements of the e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi- reaction. No direct measurements exist for the e+e- --> K+ K-pi0pi0 or e+e- --> K+ K-K+ K- reactions, and we present an update of our previous result with doubled statistics. Studying the structure of these events, we find contributions from a number of intermediate states, and extract their cross sections. In particular, we perform a more detailed study of the e+e- --> phi(1020)pipigamma reaction, and confirm the presence of the Y(2175) resonance in the phi(1020) f0(980) and K+K-f0(980) modes. In the charmonium region, we observe the J/psi in all three final states and in several intermediate states, as well as the psi(2S) in some modes, and measure the corresponding product of branching fraction and electron width.Comment: 35 pages, 42 figure

Study of Upsilon(3S,2S) -> eta Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(3S,2S) -> pi+pi- Upsilon(1S) hadronic trasitions

We study the Upsilon(3S,2S)->eta Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(3S,2S)->pi+pi- Upsilon(1S) transitions with 122 million Upsilon(3S) and 100 million Upsilon(2S) mesons collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e+e- collider. We measure B[Upsilon(2S)->eta Upsilon(1S)]=(2.39+/-0.31(stat.)+/-0.14(syst.))10^-4 and Gamma[Upsilon(2S)->eta Upsilon(1S)]/Gamma[Upsilon(2S)-> pi+pi- Upsilon(1S)]=(1.35+/-0.17(stat.)+/-0.08(syst.))10^-3. We find no evidence for Upsilon(3S)->eta Upsilon(1S) and obtain B[Upsilon(3S)->eta Upsilon(1S)]<1.0 10^-4 and Gamma[Upsilon(3S)->eta Upsilon(1S)]/Gamma[Upsilon(3S)->pi+pi- Upsilon(1S)]<2.3 10^-3 as upper limits at the 90% confidence level. We also provide improved measurements of the Upsilon(2S) - Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(3S) - Upsilon(1S) mass differences, 562.170+/-0.007(stat.)+/-0.088(syst.) MeV/c^2 and 893.813+/-0.015(stat.)+/-0.107(syst.) MeV/c^2 respectively.Comment: 8 pages, 16 encapsulated postscript figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.

Evidence for the h_b(1P) meson in the decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P)

Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the $h_b(1P)$ spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_{bJ}(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P), h_b(1P) --> gamma eta_b(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi0 at mass 9902 +/- 4(stat.) +/- 2(syst.) MeV/c^2. The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.1sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (4.3 +/- 1.1(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.)) x 10^{-4} for the product branching fraction BF(Upsilon(3S)-->pi0 h_b) x BF(h_b-->gamma eta_b).Comment: 8 pages, 4 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications

Search for Production of Invisible Final States in Single-Photon Decays of Υ(1S)Υ(1S)

We search for single-photon decays of the $Υ(1S)$ resonance, $Υ→γ+$ invisible, where the invisible state is either a particle of definite mass, such as a light Higgs boson $A^0$, or a pair of dark matter particles, $χ\overline{χ}$. Both $A^0$ and χ are assumed to have zero spin. We tag $Υ(1S)$ decays with a dipion transition $Υ(2S)→π^{+}π^{−}Υ(1S)$ and look for events with a single energetic photon and significant missing energy. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range $m_{A^{0}}≤9.2 GeV$ and $m_{χ}≤4.5 GeV$ in the sample of $98×10^{6} Υ(2S)$ decays collected with the BABAR detector and set stringent limits on new physics models that contain light dark matter states.Physic

Player migration and opportunity: examining the efficacy of the UEFA home-grown rule in six European football leagues.

The introduction of UEFAs home-grown rule occurred for the start of the 2006–2007 season with the full quota in place from the 2008–2009 season, which imposed quotas on European clubs. From 2008, clubs are required to have at least 8 players classified as home-grown in the 25-player squad, up from 4 in 2006–2007 and 6 in 2007–2008. This study examines the efficacy of this rule across the six major European leagues (England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy and Spain) in relation to playing opportunities (minutes played and appearances) between 1999 and 2015. This was also examined in relation to age. Since the home-grown rule was introduced for the six nations hosting the major leagues, the rule had different impacts by nationality. Only Germany saw significant increases in the proportion of minutes played by their players when comparing the periods before and after the home-grown rules were imposed. Holland, albeit seeing a slight decrease overall, saw significant increases for playing time for under 21s and 22- to 25-year olds. England and Italy were the two nations where statistically significant decreases in indigenous playing opportunities were recorded since the home-grown rules were introduced

Study of radiative bottomonium transitions using converted photons (vol 84, 072002, 2011)

none391noneLees JP; Poireau V; Prencipe E; Tisserand V; Tico JG; Grauges E; Martinelli M; Milanes DA; Palano A; Pappagallo M; Eigen G; Stugu B; Sun L; Brown DN; Kerth LT; Kolomensky YG; Lynch G; Koch H; Schroeder T; Asgeirsson DJ; Hearty C; Mattison TS; McKenna JA; Khan A; Blinov VE; Buzykaev AR; Druzhinin VP; Golubev VB; Kravchenko EA; Onuchin AP; Serednyakov SI; Skovpen YI; Solodov EP; Todyshev KY; Yushkov AN; Bondioli M; Curry S; Kirkby D; Lankford AJ; Mandelkern M; Stoker DP; Atmacan H; Gary JW; Liu F; Long O; Vitug GM; Campagnari C; Hong TM; Kovalskyi D; Richman JD; West CA; Eisner AM; Kroseberg J; Lockman WS; Martinez AJ; Schalk T; Schumm BA; Seiden A; Cheng CH; Doll DA; Echenard B; Flood KT; Hitlin DG; Ongmongkolkul P; Porter FC; Rakitin AY; Andreassen R; Dubrovin MS; Meadows BT; Sokoloff MD; Bloom PC; Ford WT; Gaz A; Nagel M; Nauenberg U; Smith JG; Wagner SR; Ayad R; Toki WH; Spaan B; Kobel MJ; Schubert KR; Schwierz R; Bernard D; Verderi M; Clark PJ; Playfer S; Watson JE; Bettoni D; Bozzi C; Calabrese R; Cibinetto G; Fioravanti E; Garzia I; Luppi E; Munerato M; Negrini M; Piemontese L; Baldini-Ferroli R; Calcaterra A; de Sangro R; Finocchiaro G; Nicolaci M; Pacetti S; Patteri P; Peruzzi IM; Piccolo M; Rama M; Zallo A; Contri R; Guido E; Lo Vetere M; Monge MR; Passaggio S; Patrignani C; Robutti E; Bhuyan B; Prasad V; Lee CL; Morii M; Edwards AJ; Adametz A; Marks J; Uwer U; Bernlochner FU; Ebert M; Lacker HM; Lueck T; Dauncey PD; Tibbetts M; Behera PK; Mallik U; Chen C; Cochran J; Crawley HB; Meyer WT; Prell S; Rosenberg EI; Rubin AE; Gritsan AV; Guo ZJ; Arnaud N; Davier M; Derkach D; Grosdidier G; Le Diberder F; Lutz AM; Malaescu B; Roudeau P; Schune MH; Stocchi A; Wormser G; Lange DJ; Wright DM; Bingham I; Chavez CA; Coleman JP; Fry JR; Gabathuler E; Hutchcroft DE; Payne DJ; Touramanis C; Bevan AJ; Di Lodovico F; Sacco R; Sigamani M; Cowan G; Paramesvaran S; Brown DN; Davis CL; Denig AG; Fritsch M; Gradl W; Hafner A; Alwyn KE; Bailey D; Barlow RJ; Jackson G; Lafferty GD; Cenci R; Hamilton B; Jawahery A; Roberts DA; Simi G; Dallapiccola C; Salvati E; Cowan R; Dujmic D; Sciolla G; Lindemann D; Patel PM; Robertson SH; Schram M; Biassoni P; Lazzaro A; Lombardo V; Palombo F; Stracka S; Cremaldi L; Godang R; Kroeger R; Sonnek P; Summers DJ; Nguyen X; Taras P; De Nardo G; Monorchio D; Onorato G; Sciacca C; Raven G; Snoek HL; Jessop CP; Knoepfel KJ; LoSecco JM; Wang WF; Honscheid K; Kass R; Brau J; Frey R; Sinev NB; Strom D; Torrence E; Feltresi E; Gagliardi N; Margoni M; Morandin M; Posocco M; Rotondo M; Simonetto F; R. STROILI; Ben-Haim E; Bomben M; Bonneaud GR; Briand H; Calderini G; Chauveau J; Hamon O; Leruste P; Marchiori G; Ocariz J; Sitt S; Biasini M; Manoni E; Rossi A; Angelini C; Batignani G; Bettarini S; Carpinelli M; Casarosa G; Cervelli A; Forti F; Giorgi MA; Lusiani A; Neri N; Oberhof B; Paoloni E; Perez A; Rizzo G; Walsh JJ; Pegna DL; Lu C; Olsen J; Smith AJS; Telnov AV; Anulli F; Cavoto G; Faccini R; Ferrarotto F; Ferroni F; Gaspero M; Gioi LL; Mazzoni MA; Piredda G; Bunger C; Hartmann T; Leddig T; Schroder H; Waldi R; Adye T; Olaiya EO; Wilson FF; Emery S; de Monchenault GH; Vasseur G; Yeche C; Aston D; Bard DJ; Bartoldus R; Benitez JF; Cartaro C; Convery MR; Dorfan J; Dubois-Felsmann GP; Dunwoodie W; Field RC; Sevilla MF; Fulsom BG; Gabareen AM; Graham MT; Grenier P; Hast C; Innes WR; Kelsey MH; Kim H; Kim P; Kocian ML; Leith DWGS; Lewis P; Li S; Lindquist B; Luitz S; Luth V; Lynch HL; MacFarlane DB; Muller DR; Neal H; Nelson S; Ofte I; Perl M; Pulliam T; Ratcliff BN; Roodman A; Salnikov AA; Santoro V; Schindler RH; Snyder A; Su D; Sullivan MK; Va'vra J; Wagner AP; Weaver M; Wisniewski WJ; Wittgen M; Wright DH; Wulsin HW; Yarritu AK; Young CC; Ziegler V; Park W; Purohit MV; White RM; Wilson JR; Randle-Conde A; Sekula SJ; Bellis M; Burchat PR; Miyashita TS; Alam MS; Ernst JA; Gorodeisky R; Guttman N; Peimer DR; Soffer A; Lund P; Spanier SM; Eckmann R; Ritchie JL; Ruland AM; Schilling CJ; Schwitters RF; Wray BC; Izen JM; Lou XC; Bianchi F; Gamba D; Lanceri L; Vitale L; Lopez-March N; Martinez-Vidal F; Oyanguren A; Ahmed H; Albert J; Banerjee S; Choi HHF; King GJ; Kowalewski R; Lewczuk MJ; Lindsay C; Nugent IM; Roney JM; Sobie RJ; Gershon TJ; Harrison PF; Latham TE; Puccio EMT; Band HR; Dasu S; Pan Y; Prepost R; Vuosalo CO; Wu SLLees, Jp; Poireau, V; Prencipe, E; Tisserand, V; Tico, Jg; Grauges, E; Martinelli, M; Milanes, Da; Palano, A; Pappagallo, M; Eigen, G; Stugu, B; Sun, L; Brown, Dn; Kerth, Lt; Kolomensky, Yg; Lynch, G; Koch, H; Schroeder, T; Asgeirsson, Dj; Hearty, C; Mattison, Ts; Mckenna, Ja; Khan, A; Blinov, Ve; Buzykaev, Ar; Druzhinin, Vp; Golubev, Vb; Kravchenko, Ea; Onuchin, Ap; Serednyakov, Si; Skovpen, Yi; Solodov, Ep; Todyshev, Ky; Yushkov, An; Bondioli, M; Curry, S; Kirkby, D; Lankford, Aj; Mandelkern, M; Stoker, Dp; Atmacan, H; Gary, Jw; Liu, F; Long, O; Vitug, Gm; Campagnari, C; Hong, Tm; Kovalskyi, D; Richman, Jd; West, Ca; Eisner, Am; Kroseberg, J; Lockman, Ws; Martinez, Aj; Schalk, T; Schumm, Ba; Seiden, A; Cheng, Ch; Doll, Da; Echenard, B; Flood, Kt; Hitlin, Dg; Ongmongkolkul, P; Porter, Fc; Rakitin, Ay; Andreassen, R; Dubrovin, Ms; Meadows, Bt; Sokoloff, Md; Bloom, Pc; Ford, Wt; Gaz, A; Nagel, M; Nauenberg, U; Smith, Jg; Wagner, Sr; Ayad, R; Toki, Wh; Spaan, B; Kobel, Mj; Schubert, Kr; Schwierz, R; Bernard, D; Verderi, M; Clark, Pj; Playfer, S; Watson, Je; Bettoni, D; Bozzi, C; Calabrese, R; Cibinetto, G; Fioravanti, E; Garzia, I; Luppi, E; Munerato, M; Negrini, M; Piemontese, L; Baldini Ferroli, R; Calcaterra, A; de Sangro, R; Finocchiaro, G; Nicolaci, M; Pacetti, S; Patteri, P; Peruzzi, Im; Piccolo, M; Rama, M; Zallo, A; Contri, R; Guido, E; Lo Vetere, M; Monge, Mr; Passaggio, S; Patrignani, C; Robutti, E; Bhuyan, B; Prasad, V; Lee, Cl; Morii, M; Edwards, Aj; Adametz, A; Marks, J; Uwer, U; Bernlochner, Fu; Ebert, M; Lacker, Hm; Lueck, T; Dauncey, Pd; Tibbetts, M; Behera, Pk; Mallik, U; Chen, C; Cochran, J; Crawley, Hb; Meyer, Wt; Prell, S; Rosenberg, Ei; Rubin, Ae; Gritsan, Av; Guo, Zj; Arnaud, N; Davier, M; Derkach, D; Grosdidier, G; Le Diberder, F; Lutz, Am; Malaescu, B; Roudeau, P; Schune, Mh; Stocchi, A; Wormser, G; Lange, Dj; Wright, Dm; Bingham, I; Chavez, Ca; Coleman, Jp; Fry, Jr; Gabathuler, E; Hutchcroft, De; Payne, Dj; Touramanis, C; Bevan, Aj; Di Lodovico, F; Sacco, R; Sigamani, M; Cowan, G; Paramesvaran, S; Brown, Dn; Davis, Cl; Denig, Ag; Fritsch, M; Gradl, W; Hafner, A; Alwyn, Ke; Bailey, D; Barlow, Rj; Jackson, G; Lafferty, Gd; Cenci, R; Hamilton, B; Jawahery, A; Roberts, Da; Simi, Gabriele; Dallapiccola, C; Salvati, E; Cowan, R; Dujmic, D; Sciolla, G; Lindemann, D; Patel, Pm; Robertson, Sh; Schram, M; Biassoni, P; Lazzaro, A; Lombardo, V; Palombo, F; Stracka, S; Cremaldi, L; Godang, R; Kroeger, R; Sonnek, P; Summers, Dj; Nguyen, X; Taras, P; De Nardo, G; Monorchio, D; Onorato, G; Sciacca, C; Raven, G; Snoek, Hl; Jessop, Cp; Knoepfel, Kj; Losecco, Jm; Wang, Wf; Honscheid, K; Kass, R; Brau, J; Frey, R; Sinev, Nb; Strom, D; Torrence, E; Feltresi, E; Gagliardi, N; Margoni, Martino; Morandin, M; Posocco, M; Rotondo, M; Simonetto, Franco; Stroili, Roberto; Ben Haim, E; Bomben, M; Bonneaud, Gr; Briand, H; Calderini, G; Chauveau, J; Hamon, O; Leruste, P; Marchiori, G; Ocariz, J; Sitt, S; Biasini, M; Manoni, E; Rossi, A; Angelini, C; Batignani, G; Bettarini, S; Carpinelli, M; Casarosa, G; Cervelli, A; Forti, F; Giorgi, Ma; Lusiani, A; Neri, N; Oberhof, B; Paoloni, E; Perez, A; Rizzo, G; Walsh, Jj; Pegna, Dl; Lu, C; Olsen, J; Smith, Ajs; Telnov, Av; Anulli, F; Cavoto, G; Faccini, R; Ferrarotto, F; Ferroni, F; Gaspero, M; Gioi, Ll; Mazzoni, Ma; Piredda, G; Bunger, C; Hartmann, T; Leddig, T; Schroder, H; Waldi, R; Adye, T; Olaiya, Eo; Wilson, Ff; Emery, S; de Monchenault, Gh; Vasseur, G; Yeche, C; Aston, D; Bard, Dj; Bartoldus, R; Benitez, Jf; Cartaro, C; Convery, Mr; Dorfan, J; Dubois Felsmann, Gp; Dunwoodie, W; Field, Rc; Sevilla, Mf; Fulsom, Bg; Gabareen, Am; Graham, Mt; Grenier, P; Hast, C; Innes, Wr; Kelsey, Mh; Kim, H; Kim, P; Kocian, Ml; Leith, Dwgs; Lewis, P; Li, S; Lindquist, B; Luitz, S; Luth, V; Lynch, Hl; Macfarlane, Db; Muller, Dr; Neal, H; Nelson, S; Ofte, I; Perl, M; Pulliam, T; Ratcliff, Bn; Roodman, A; Salnikov, Aa; Santoro, V; Schindler, Rh; Snyder, A; Su, D; Sullivan, Mk; Va'Vra, J; Wagner, Ap; Weaver, M; Wisniewski, Wj; Wittgen, M; Wright, Dh; Wulsin, Hw; Yarritu, Ak; Young, Cc; Ziegler, V; Park, W; Purohit, Mv; White, Rm; Wilson, Jr; Randle Conde, A; Sekula, Sj; Bellis, M; Burchat, Pr; Miyashita, Ts; Alam, Ms; Ernst, Ja; Gorodeisky, R; Guttman, N; Peimer, Dr; Soffer, A; Lund, P; Spanier, Sm; Eckmann, R; Ritchie, Jl; Ruland, Am; Schilling, Cj; Schwitters, Rf; Wray, Bc; Izen, Jm; Lou, Xc; Bianchi, F; Gamba, D; Lanceri, L; Vitale, L; Lopez March, N; Martinez Vidal, F; Oyanguren, A; Ahmed, H; Albert, J; Banerjee, S; Choi, Hhf; King, Gj; Kowalewski, R; Lewczuk, Mj; Lindsay, C; Nugent, Im; Roney, Jm; Sobie, Rj; Gershon, Tj; Harrison, Pf; Latham, Te; Puccio, Emt; Band, Hr; Dasu, S; Pan, Y; Prepost, R; Vuosalo, Co; Wu, S

Search for the Z1(4050)+Z_1(4050)^+ and Z2(4250)+Z_2(4250)^+ states in Bˉ0→χc1K−π+\bar B^0 \to \chi_{c1} K^- \pi^+ and B+→χc1KS0π+B^+ \to \chi_{c1} K^0_S \pi^+

We search for the $Z_1(4050)^+$ and $Z_2(4250)^+$ states, reported by the Belle Collaboration, decaying to $\chi_{c1} \pi^+$ in the decays $\bar B^0 \to \chi_{c1} K^- \pi^+$ and $B^+ \to \chi_{c1} K^0_S \pi^+$ where \chi_{c1} \to \jpsi \gamma. The data were collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider operating at center-of-mass energy 10.58 GeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 429 fb$^{-1}$. In this analysis, we model the background-subtracted, efficiency-corrected $\chi_{c1}\pi$ mass distribution using the $K \pi$ mass distribution and the corresponding normalized $K \pi$ Legendre polynomial moments, and then test the need for the inclusion of resonant structures in the description of the $\chi_{c1}\pi$ mass distribution. No evidence is found for the $Z_1(4050)^+$ and $Z_2(4250)^+$ resonances, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions are reported for the corresponding $B$-meson decay modes.Comment: 15 pages, 12 postscript figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Study of Bbar --> Xu l nubar decays in BBbar events tagged by a fully reconstructed B-meson decay and determination of |V_{ub}|

We report measurements of partial branching fractions for inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays Bbar --> Xu l nubar, and the determination of the CKM matrix element |V_{ub}|. The analysis is based on a sample of 467 million Upsilon(4S) --> BBar decays recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II e^+ e^- storage rings. We select events in which the decay of one of the B mesons is fully reconstructed and an electron or a muon signals the semileptonic decay of the other B meson. We measure partial branching fractions DeltaB in several restricted regions of phase space and determine the CKM element |V_{ub}| based on four different QCD predictions. For decays with a charged lepton momentum p_l^* > 1.0 GeV in the B meson rest frame, we obtain DeltaB = (1.80 \pm 0.13 (stat.) \pm 0.15 (sys.) \pm 0.02 (theo.)) \times 10^{-3} from a fit to the two-dimensional mX-q^2 distribution. Here, mX refers to the invariant mass of the final state hadron X and q^2 is the invariant mass squared of the charged lepton and neutrino. From this measurement we extract |V_{ub}| = (4.33\pm 0.24 (exp.) \pm 0.15 (theo.)) \times 10^{-3} as the arithmetic average of four results obtained from four different QCD predictions of the partial rate. We separately determine partial branching fractions for B^0 and B^- decays and derive a limit on the isospin breaking in Bbar --> Xu l nubar decays.Comment: 26 pages, 9 postscript figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in PR

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C

B0 meson decays to rho0 K*0, f0 K*0, and rho-K*+, including higher K* resonances

We present branching fraction measurements for the decays B0 -> rho0 K*0, B0 -> f0 K*0, and B0 -> rho- K*+, where K* is an S-wave (K pi)_0* or a K*(892) meson; we also measure B0 -> f0 K_2*(1430)^0. For the K*(892) channels, we report measurements of longitudinal polarization fractions (for rho final states) and direct CP-violation asymmetries. These results are obtained from a sample of (471.0 +/- 2.8) x 10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe rho0 K*(892)^0, rho0 (K pi)_0^{*0}, f0 K*(892)^0, and rho- K*(892)+ with greater than 5 sigma significance, including systematics. We report first evidence for f0 (K pi)_0^{*0} and f0 K_2*(1430)^0, and place an upper limit on rho- (K pi)_0^{*+}. Our results in the K*(892) channels are consistent with no direct CP-violation.Comment: 17 pages, 6 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.