Potencialidade infante no cinema nacional: discursos e produções de corpos e espaços na contemporaneidade

Esta escrita visa destacar a potencialidade infante, compreendida aqui como sendo aquilo que pode vir a ser, associada à infância - tempo/momento/terreno de possibilidades múltiplas e livres de preconceitos, em produções de curtas-metragens nacionais que exploram e apresentam diferentes representações de infâncias na contemporaneidade, para pensar a educação. Tem-se como problemática: o que essas infâncias têm ainda a nos dizer? O que esses corpos infantes da contemporaneidade ainda instigam e convidam a pensar a educação? A pesquisa se faz e refaz em meio a retalhos discursivos, imagens, falas, narrativas e intervalos, potências que geram reflexões, movimentam o pensamento diante de relações possibilitadas pela metodologia da bricolagem. Os resultados gerados apontam para uma (re)elaboração que se faz não somente na escrita de um trabalho final de Curso de Especialização, mas também na experiência corpórea tramadas a temática pretendida

Serotonin controlling feeding and satiety

Serotonin has been implicated in the control of satiety for almost four decades. Historically, the insight that the appetite suppressant effect of fenfluramine is linked to serotonin has stimulated interest in and research into the role of this neurotransmitter in satiety. Various rodent models, including transgenic models, have been developed to identify the involved 5-HT receptor subtypes. This approach also required the availability of receptor ligands of different selectivity, and behavioural techniques had to be developed simultaneously which allow differentiating between unspecific pharmacological effects of these ligands and ‘true’ satiation and satiety. Currently, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors have been identified to mediate serotonergic satiety in different ways. The recently approved anti-obesity drug lorcaserin is a 5-HT2C receptor agonist. In brain, both hypothalamic (arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus) and extrahypothalamic sites (parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract) have been identified to mediate the serotonergic control of satiety. Serotonin interacts within the hypothalamus with endogenous orexigenic (Neuropeptide Y/Agouti related protein) and anorectic (α-melanocyte stimulating hormone) peptides. In the nucleus of the solitary tract serotonin integrates peripheral satiety signals. Here, the 5-HT3, but possibly also the 5-HT2C receptor play a role. It has been found that 5-HT acts in concert with such peripheral signals as cholecystokinin and leptin. Despite the recent advances of our knowledge, many of the complex interactions between 5-HT and other satiety factors are not fully understood yet. Further progress in research will also advance the development of new serotonergic anti-obesity drugs

The Most Worthy of Women is a Mistress of Magic : Women as Witches and Ritual Practitioners in 1 Enoch and Rabbinic Sources

Biblical, post-biblical, and rabbinic literature portray women as sorcerers, but as The chapter demonstrates, the traditions vary substantially depending on the rhetorical and ideological context of the texts in which they appear. The bible, for example, presents an ambivalent position on the sex of magic practitioners in pre-Exilic Israel. The chapter traces this ambivalence through second temple writings, such as 1 Enoch, and rabbinic literature to show that while some texts do seem to identify women (or nations personified as women) with sorcery and forbidden knowledge, other texts do not, concluding that the relationship between women and sorcery as presented in early Jewish sources resists reduction to a single charge of misogyny

implicações no direito probatório

O cheque é uma ordem de pagamento emitida por um sacador a um beneficiário, por intermédio de um sacado que com ele tenha firmado uma convenção de cheque. Sendo um título de crédito, documentos que corporizam direitos cujo exercício depende apenas da sua apresentação, tem uma especial singularidade pela celeridade e rapidez que trazem ao tráfego -jurídico comercial. No progressivo processo de desjudicialização, cujos contornos ganharam novo fôlego com a nova conjuntura económica, o legislador português tem dando intensa guarida a exequibilidade dos documentos particulares, entre os quais, individualizamos os títulos de crédito. É incontestável que na constância da relação cartular, o cheque pode servir como título executivo. Não tendo a convenção de Genebra pronunciado se essa exequibilidade cessa aí, ou transmuta-se na veste de um reconhecimento de divida, a jurisprudência, maiori-tária entre nós, tem-se aproveitado da inacção do legislador, para responder positiva-mente a esta questão, fundamentando a posição acolhida com a suposta cobertura legal conferida pelo artigo 458 do código civil. O cheque prescrito vale como princípio de prova.The check is a payment order issued by a drawer to the recipient via a drawee that he has signed with an agreement to check. Being a negotiable instrument, document embodying rights whose exercise depends on its presentation, it has a special singularity because of the celerity that brings to traffic-legal trade. In the progressive process of reducing judicial involvement, whose outlines have gained new impetus with the new economic environment, the Portuguese legislator has been giving intense harboring to the feasibility of private documents, including, individual-ized credit securities. It is indisputable that with the permanence of the cartulary relationship, the check can serve as enforceable. Not having the Geneva Convention pronounced if enforceability ends there, or transmutes into the robe of an acknowledgment of debt, the jurisprudence has taken advantage of the inaction of the legislature, to respond positively to this ques-tion, stating the position received with the alleged legal coverage provided by Article 458 of the Civil Code. The prescribed check constitutes proof of principle

Cigarettes with defective filters marketed for 40 years: what Philip Morris never told smokers

Objective: Specific goals were to review systematically the writings of tobacco companies to: (a) identify papers that would document the existence of defective filters; (b) characterise the extent of the defect; (c) establish when the defect became known; (d) determine whether the defect exists on cigarettes marketed currently; (e) assess the prevalence of the defect on cigarettes manufactured by different companies; (f) define whether the knowledge of the defect had been withheld by the tobacco company as confidential and not disclosed publicly; and (g) ascertain the feasibility of correcting or preventing the defect. Methods: Document searches utilised databases of the scientific literature, medical journals, chemical abstracts, US Patents, Tobacco Abstracts, papers presented at tobacco meetings and court documents. Results: Sixty one documents of Philip Morris, Inc were selected for study because they disclosed specifically the "fall-out" of cellulose acetate filter fibres and, for cigarettes with charcoal filters, carbon particles from cigarette filters. The term "fall-out" was defined in 1985 laboratory protocols of Philip Morris, Inc. as "loose fibers (or particles) that are drawn out of the filter during puffing of the cigarette". As early as 1957, the health concern of inhaling cellulose acetate fibres released from cigarette filters was addressed by Philip Morris, Inc. A 1962 document reported the results of laboratory tests conducted by Phillip Morris, Inc that compared the "fall-out" of cellulose acetate fibres from the filters of their cigarettes (Marlboro) and cigarettes of their competitor (Liggett & Meyers). A 1997 overview by Phillip Morris of documents addressing the "fallout of carbon particles and cellulose acetate fibers from filters" stated that they were "essentially routine reports" of cigarette filter assays, and referenced a "Filter Fallout" memo written in 1961—more than 40 years ago. Most likely these tests are being conducted presently as illustrated by a 1999 report that details the revisions of the "fall-out" protocol of Phillip Morris, Inc and reports the results of tests that measured the discharge of cellulose acetate fibres and silica gel from beta cigarettes with a new type of filter. Our analysis of the "fall-out" tests results presented in the 61 "fall-out" documents showed that filter fibres and carbon particles were discharged from the filters of all types of cigarettes tested. These cigarette types (n = 130) included both coded cigarettes and popular brand name cigarettes. No publications were found in the scientific literature of the "fall-out" studies. Thus, the results of the "fall-out" studies are thought to have been withheld as confidential to Philip Morris, Inc. We have identified also other companies that have tested recently cigarettes for defective filters. In addition, our searches have shown that simple, expedient, and inexpensive technologies for decontaminating cigarette filters of loose cellulose acetate fibres and particles from the cut surface of the filter have been developed and described in 1997 and 1998 US patents. What is more important is that these patents also define methods for preventing or reducing the broken plastic-like fibres that arise during cigarette making. Many US patents (n = 607; 1957 to 2001) have been awarded for cigarette filters. Some of these inventions describe novel materials and unique filtration schemes that would eliminate or minimise the discharge of filter materials into mainstream smoke. Conclusions: We have shown that: (a) the filter of today's cigarette is defective; (b) Philip Morris, Inc has known of this filter defect for more than 40 years; (c) the existence of this filter defect has been confirmed by others in independent studies; (d) many methods exist to prevent and correct the filter defect, but have not been implemented; and (e) results of investigations substantiating defective filters have been concealed from the smoker and the health community. The tobacco industry has been negligent in not performing toxicological examinations and other studies to assess the human health risks associated with regularly ingesting and inhaling non-degradable, toxin coated cellulose acetate fragments and carbon microparticles and possibly other components that are released from conventional cigarette filters during normal smoking. The rationale for harm assessment is supported by the results of consumer surveys that have shown that the ingestion or inhalation of cigarette filter fibres are a health concern to nearly all smokers