Les études linguistiques d'Edward Lhuyd en Bretagne en 1701.

256 p. ; ISBN : 978-2-901737-83-8 ; ISSN : 1270-2412National audienceVers 1700, Edward Lhuyd rassemble un nombre important de documents concernant les études celtiques. Il collecte de nombreuses données linguistiques et jette les bases de l'étude comparée des langues celtiques

Entre Penzé et Rivière de Morlaix : termes nautiques bretons relevés par Coëtanlem

En 1820, Pierre Coëtanlem achève son dictionnaire breton-français de 8 334 pages. Il admire l’étymologie et reflète les préjugés des érudits de son temps. Il accorde plus d’estime aux écrits qu’aux sources orales. Isolé dans son manoir de Trogriffon, il effectue un énorme travail de compilation et de comparaison à partir des ouvrages de sa bibliothèque. Selon Falc’hun, « l’intérêt linguistique est plus mince » que l’ensemble des pages du dictionnaire. « Il tient dans les rares précisions que l’auteur nous donne, comme par distraction, sur le breton de Morlaix. » Parmi « ces rares précisions », on relève plusieurs data dialectales qui nous renseignent sur la géolinguistique côtière entre la Penzé et la Rivière de Morlaix fin XVIIIe-début XIXe siècle. On y trouve les termes bretons maritimes suivants : sirga ‘haler, remorquer’, evôr ‘ancre’, ar wern-valouin ‘le mât de beaupré’, lewia ‘gouverner un navire’, gôbar ‘gabarre’, aber ‘estuaire’.In 1820, Pierre Coëtanlem completed his 8,334 page Breton-French dictionary. He was a great admirer of the science of etymology and reflected the prejudices of the scholars of his day by placing more value on written than oral sources. Isolated in his Manoir de Trogriffon, he undertook an extensive comparative study of the works in his library to compile this dictionary. According to Falc’hun, however, its linguistic value was not as great as its volume might suggest: ‘It lies in the rare details that the author almost inadvertently gives us on the Breton of Morlaix.’These ‘rare details’ include dialectal data that provide information on the coastal geolinguistics between the Penzé and the Rivière de Morlaix around the turn of the 19th century, including the following Breton maritime terms: sirga ‘to haul, tow’, evôr ‘anchor’, ar wern-valouin ‘the bowsprit’, lewia ‘to steer a ship’, gôbar ‘gabarre’ (flat-bottomed barge) and aber ‘estuary’

Concordances linguistiques entre aires celtique et romane à partir des données des atlas multilingues

Cette étude s’appuie sur les données des atlas linguistiques de la zone Manche-Atlantique et tente de montrer à partir de cartes motivationnelles et interprétatives la diffusion aréale des représentations sur lesquelles se fonde la création lexicale. Au-delà d’une cartographie onomasiologique, elle accorde une attention particulière aux concepts opératoires de frontière et d’aire linguistiques et aux enseignements de la motivation lexicale tels que ceux-ci ont été développés par les chercheurs des deux principales entreprises atlantographiques multilingues : l’Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) et l’Atlas Linguistique Roman (ALiR). Plusieurs comparaisons entre les zones celtiques et romanes sont prises en compte. Elles se fondent sur les zoonymes du ver de terre, de la limace, de l’arénicole, du labre et de la seiche. Le croisement et/ou la complémentarité dans certains cas des domaines roman et celtique permet d’éclaircir des formes lexicales devenues opaques dans la première aire linguistique mais toujours transparentes dans la seconde, et vice-versa.This study was based on data taken from the linguistic atlases of the Channel/Atlantic area. Using motivational and interpretative maps, it attempts to show the areal diffusion of representations underpinning lexical creation. In addition to an onomasiological mapping, it focuses in particular on the operative concepts of border and linguistic area and on the lexical motivation lessons as developed by researchers of the two main multilingual atlantographic undertakings, the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) and the Atlas Linguistique Roman (ALiR). Several comparisons between the Celtic and Romance areas are considered. These are based on the zoonyms for the earthworm, slug, sandworm, wrasse and cuttlefish. The overlaps and/or complementarities in certain Romance and Celtic domains shed light on lexical forms that have become opaque in the Romance linguistic area but are still transparent in the Celtic area, and vice versa

Calibrating the movement of an underwater crawler using pulse width modulation (PWM)

Peer Reviewe

A New Coastal Crawler Prototype to Expand the Ecological Monitoring Radius of OBSEA Cabled Observatory

The use of marine cabled video observatories with multiparametric environmental data collection capability is becoming relevant for ecological monitoring strategies. Their ecosystem surveying can be enforced in real time, remotely, and continuously, over consecutive days, seasons, and even years. Unfortunately, as most observatories perform such monitoring with fixed cameras, the ecological value of their data is limited to a narrow field of view, possibly not representative of the local habitat heterogeneity. Docked mobile robotic platforms could be used to extend data collection to larger, and hence more ecologically representative areas. Among the various state-of-the-art underwater robotic platforms available, benthic crawlers are excellent candidates to perform ecological monitoring tasks in combination with cabled observatories. Although they are normally used in the deep sea, their high positioning stability, low acoustic signature, and low energetic consumption, especially during stationary phases, make them suitable for coastal operations. In this paper, we present the integration of a benthic crawler into a coastal cabled observatory (OBSEA) to extend its monitoring radius and collect more ecologically representative data. The extension of the monitoring radius was obtained by remotely operating the crawler to enforce back-and-forth drives along specific transects while recording videos with the onboard cameras. The ecological relevance of the monitoring-radius extension was demonstrated by performing a visual census of the species observed with the crawler’s cameras in comparison to the observatory’s fixed cameras, revealing non-negligible differences. Additionally, the videos recorded from the crawler’s cameras during the transects were used to demonstrate an automated photo-mosaic of the seabed for the first time on this class of vehicles. In the present work, the crawler travelled in an area of 40 m away from the OBSEA, producing an extension of the monitoring field of view (FOV), and covering an area approximately 230 times larger than OBSEA’s camera. The analysis of the videos obtained from the crawler’s and the observatory’s cameras revealed differences in the species observed. Future implementation scenarios are also discussed in relation to mission autonomy to perform imaging across spatial heterogeneity gradients around the OBSEA

The poetry of Celtic places

This paper examines the radical shift in the place of Celts in the French imagination during the course of the nineteenth century, by focusing on two versions of a passage describing Wales by Michelet: the first written in his travel journal (1834), the second published by his widow (1893). Wales, by virtue of being a Celtic place, allows Michelet to deepen his understanding of France. Whereas juxtaposition of the two versions of his text reveals something of the French state’s attitude toward the ambiguously domestic and exotic Celtic “other.

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008