The evolution of circular loops of a cosmic string with periodic tension

In this paper the equation of circular loops of cosmic string with periodic tension is investigated in the Minkowski spacetime and Robertson-Walker universe respectively. We find that the cosmic string loops possessing this kind of time-varying tension will evolve to oscillate instead of collapsing to form a black hole if their initial radii are not small enough.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

The circular loop equation of a cosmic string with time-varying tension in de Sitter spacetimes

In this work the equation of circular loops of cosmic string possessing time-dependent tension is studied in the de Sitter spacetime. We find that the cosmic string loops with initial radius $r(t_{0})>0.707L$, L de Sitter radius, should not collapse to form a black holes. It is also found that in the case of $r(t_{0})<0.707L$ a loop of cosmic string whose tension depends on some power of cosmic time can not become a black hole if the power is lower than a critical value which is associated with the initial size of the loop.Comment: 6 page

Convivencia escolar y conductas disruptivas en estudiantes del tercer año de educación secundaria de la institución educativa 40038 Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Arequipa - 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre Convivencia Escolar y Conductas Disruptivas en estudiantes del tercer año de educación secundaria de la institución educativa 40038 Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Arequipa - 2019. El tipo de investigación es básica, descriptiva, correlacional, no experimental, transversal. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta, y como instrumento cuestionarios en ambas variables. Se realizó con una muestra censal de 144 unidades de investigación y para la comprobación de nuestra hipótesis se utilizó el r de Pearson. Los resultados demostraron que existe una relación negativa entre las variables con un coeficiente de correlación de - 0.322, a un nivel de significancia asintótica bilateral menor a 0.05, lo que indica que a mayor nivel de convivencia escolar será menor el nivel de las conductas disruptivas presentes en los estudiantes, por lo que se acepta la hipótesis de la investigación que dice que existe una relación negativa entre la convivencia escolar y las conductas disruptivas en estudiantes del tercer año de educación secundaria de la institución educativa 40038 Jorge Basadre Grohmann Arequipa 201

Effects of Processing on Starch Structure, Textural, and Digestive Property of “Horisenbada”, a Traditional Mongolian Food

Horisenbada, prepared by the soaking, steaming, and baking of millets, is a traditional Mongolian food and is characterized by its long shelf life, convenience, and nutrition. In this study, the effect of processing on the starch structure, textural, and digestive property of millets was investigated. Compared to the soaking treatment, steaming and baking significantly reduced the molecular size and crystallinity of the millet starch, while baking increased the proportion of long amylose chains, partially destroyed starch granules, and formed a closely packed granular structure. Soaking and steaming significantly reduced the hardness of the millets, while the hardness of baked millets is comparable to that of raw millet grains. By fitting digestive curves with a first-order model and logarithm of the slope (LOS) plot, it showed that the baking treatment significantly reduced the digestibility of millets, the steaming treatment increased the digestibility of millets, while the soaked millets displayed a similar digestive property with raw millets, in terms of both digestion rate and digestion degree. This study could improve the understanding of the effects of processing on the palatability and health benefits of Horisenbada

Isolation of <i>Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus</i> Serotype 10 from <i>Culicoides tainanus</i> and Associated Infections in Livestock in Yunnan, China

Two strains of viruses, JC13C644 and JC13C673, were isolated from Culicoides tainanus collected in Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province, situated along the border area shared by China, Laos, and Vietnam. JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses can cause cytopathic effect (CPE) in mammalian cells BHK21 and Vero cells, and cause morbidity and mortality in suckling mice 48 h after intracerebral inoculation. Whole-genome sequencing was performed, yielding complete sequences for all 10 segments from Seg-1 (3942nt) to Seg-10 (810nt). Phylogenetic analysis of the sub-core-shell (T2) showed that the JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses clustered with the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) isolated from Japan and Australia, with nucleotide and amino acid homology of 93.1% to 98.3% and 99.2% to 99.6%, respectively, suggesting that they were Eastern group EHDV. The phylogenetic analysis of outer capsid protein (OC1) and outer capsid protein (OC2) showed that the JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses were clustered with the EHDV-10 isolated from Japan in 1998, with the nucleotide homology of 98.3% and 98.5%, and the amino acid homology of 99.6% and 99.6–99.8%, respectively, indicating that they belong to the EHDV-10. Seroepidemiological survey results demonstrated that JC13C644 virus-neutralizing antibodies were present in 29.02% (177/610) of locally collected cattle serum and 11.32% (89/786) of goat serum, implying the virus’s presence in Jiangcheng, Yunnan Province. This finding suggests that EHDV-10 circulates not only among blood-sucking insects in nature but also infects local domestic animals in China. Notably, this marks the first-ever isolation of the virus in China and its discovery outside of Japan since its initial isolation from Japanese cattle. In light of these results, it is evident that EHDV Serotype 10 exists beyond Japan, notably in the natural vectors of southern Eurasia, with the capacity to infect local cattle and goats. Therefore, it is imperative to intensify the surveillance of EHDV infection in domestic animals, particularly focusing on the detection and monitoring of new virus serotypes that may emerge in the region and pose risks to animal health