Predictors and outcomes of occupational burnout: a five-wave longitudinal study

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.The current study investigated both intraindividual and interindividual change in occupational burnout in a sample of early-career nurses. This research utilizes Conservation of Resources theory in order to understand the trajectory of burnout over time, whether burnout predicts important outcomes for individuals and organizations, and whether burnout can be predicted by personality traits and recovery experiences. Nursing students were surveyed three times during their nursing program and an additional two times after they began their employment. Latent growth models were used to investigate the trajectory of burnout, assess variance in both the initial status and rate of change in burnout, and examine covariances of the rates of change of burnout with health, job attitudes, and recovery experiences. Autoregressive models provided additional information about the direction of relationships between burnout and these variables. Results indicated that average burnout levels declined during nursing school but then began to increase when the nurses entered their careers. Burnout predicted declines in physical health and satisfaction with the occupation, and reciprocal relationships between burnout and mental health were observed. Personality traits were related to the participants' initial burnout levels, and engaging in psychological detachment during time away from work was associated subsequent decline in burnout. Implications, directions for future research, and limitations are discussed

Nations within a Nation: Cross-Cultural Field Insights in an Anishinaabe Context

This case study of undergraduate early childhood education pre-service teachers in an international field experience examines living, working, and studying in a sovereign nation while still “at home” within the United States. In our various roles (researcher, pre-service teacher, faculty mentor), we explored the impact of colonization as we lived and worked with people who are Anishinaabe. We viewed the larger issues that tribal sovereignty brings to education in terms of federal and state standards. Our research focuses on the impact of this cross-cultural field experience on the pre-service teachers’ understanding of self as related to cross-cultural teaching. We employed a reflective multilayered process before, during, and following the field experience, and used qualitative emergent coding methods. Pre-service teachers developed an awareness of their individual comfort zones, recognized the power in strengths-based versus deficit-based approaches, and gained clarity on the cultural role of education and the role of culture in education.  With this new knowledge, teachers may be better able to create culturally relevant curriculum and pedagogies in ways that allow for more meaningful connections with students and their families

Choosy But Not Chaste: Multiple Mating in Human Females

When Charles Darwin set out to relate his theory of evolution by natural selection to humans he discovered that a complementary explanation was needed to properly understand the great variation seen in human behavior. The resulting work, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, laid out the defining principles and evidence of sexual selection. In brief, this work is best known for illuminating the typically male strategy of intrasexual competition and the typically female response of intersexual choice. While these sexual stereotypes were first laid out by Darwin, they grew in importance when, years later, A. J. Bateman, in a careful study of Drosophila mating strategies, noted that multiple mating appeared to provide great benefit to male reproductive success, but to have no such effect on females. As a result, female choice soon became synonymous with being coy, and only males were thought to gain from promiscuous behavior. However, the last thirty years of research have served to question much of the traditional wisdom about sex differences proposed by Darwin and Bateman, illuminating the many ways that women (and females more generally) can and do engage in multiple mating

Search for Supersymmetry with Gauge-Mediated Breaking in Diphoton Events with Missing Transverse Energy at CDF II

accepted to Phys. Rev. LettWe present the results of a search for supersymmetry with gauge-mediated breaking and \NONE\to\gamma\Gravitino in the $\gamma\gamma$+missing transverse energy final state. In 2.6$\pm$0.2 \invfb of $p{\bar p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$=$1.96 TeV recorded by the CDF II detector we observe no candidate events, consistent with a standard model background expectation of 1.4$\pm$0.4 events. We set limits on the cross section at the 95% C.L. and place the world's best limit of 149\gevc on the \none mass at $\tau_{\tilde{\chi}_1^0}$$We present the results of a search for supersymmetry with gauge-mediated breaking and χ˜10→γG˜ in the γγ+missing transverse energy final state. In 2.6±0.2  fb-1 of pp̅ collisions at √s=1.96  TeV recorded by the CDF II detector we observe no candidate events, consistent with a standard model background expectation of 1.4±0.4 events. We set limits on the cross section at the 95% C.L. and place the world’s best limit of 149  GeV/c2 on the χ˜10 mass at τχ˜10≪1  ns. We also exclude regions in the χ˜10 mass-lifetime plane for τχ˜10≲2  ns.Peer reviewe

Measurements of branching fraction ratios and CP asymmetries in B+/- ->D_CP K+/- decays in hadron collisions

We reconstruct B+/- -> D K+/- decays in a data sample collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider corresponding to 1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We select decay modes where the D meson decays to either K- pi+ (flavor eigenstate) or K- K+, pi- pi+ (CP-even eigenstates), and measure the direct CP asymmetry A_CP+ = 0.39 +/- 0.17(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), and the double ratio of CP-even to flavor eigenstate branching fractions R_CP+ = 1.30 +/- 0.24(stat) +/- 0.12(syst). These measurements will improve the determination of the CKM angle gamma. They are performed here for the first time using data from hadron collisions.We reconstruct B±→DK± decays in a data sample collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider corresponding to 1  fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We select decay modes where the D meson decays to either K-π+ (flavor eigenstate) or K-K+, π-π+ (CP-even eigenstates), and measure the direct CP asymmetry ACP+=0.39±0.17(stat)±0.04(syst), and the double ratio of CP-even to flavor eigenstate branching fractions RCP+=1.30±0.24(stat)±0.12(syst). These measurements will improve the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle γ. They are performed here for the first time using data from hadron collisions.Peer reviewe

Inclusive Search for Standard Model Higgs Boson Production in the WW Decay Channel using the CDF II Detector

We present a search for standard model (SM) Higgs boson production using ppbar collision data at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV, collected with the CDF II detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb-1. We search for Higgs bosons produced in all processes with a significant production rate and decaying to two W bosons. We find no evidence for SM Higgs boson production and place upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the SM production cross section (sigma(H)) for values of the Higgs boson mass (m_H) in the range from 110 to 200 GeV. These limits are the most stringent for m_H > 130 GeV and are 1.29 above the predicted value of sigma(H) for mH = 165 GeV.We present a search for standard model (SM) Higgs boson production using pp̅ collision data at √s=1.96  TeV, collected with the CDF II detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8  fb-1. We search for Higgs bosons produced in all processes with a significant production rate and decaying to two W bosons. We find no evidence for SM Higgs boson production and place upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the SM production cross section (σH) for values of the Higgs boson mass (mH) in the range from 110 to 200 GeV. These limits are the most stringent for mH>130  GeV and are 1.29 above the predicted value of σH for mH=165  GeV.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Lambda_b Lifetime in Lambda_b -> Lambda_c+ pi- Decays in p-pbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

Submitted to Phys. Rev. LettWe report a measurement of the lifetime of the Lambda_b baryon in decays to the Lambda_C+ pi- final state in a sample corresponding to 1.1 fb^-1 collected in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. Using a sample of about 3000 fully reconstructed Lambda_b events we measure tau(Lambda_b) = 1.401 +- 0.046 (stat) +- 0.035 (syst) ps (corresponding to c.tau(Lambda_b) = 420.1 +- 13.7 (stat) +- 10.6 (syst) um, where c is the speed of light). The ratio of this result and the world average B^0 lifetime yields tau(Lambda_b)/tau(B^0) = 0.918 +- 0.038 (stat and syst), in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.We report a measurement of the lifetime of the Λb0 baryon in decays to the Λc+π- final state in a sample corresponding to 1.1  fb-1 collected in pp̅ collisions at √s=1.96  TeV by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. Using a sample of about 3000 fully reconstructed Λb0 events we measure τ(Λb0)=1.401±0.046(stat)±0.035(syst)  ps (corresponding to cτ(Λb0)=420.1±13.7(stat)±10.6(syst)  μm, where c is the speed of light). The ratio of this result and the world average B0 lifetime yields τ(Λb0)/τ(B0)=0.918±0.038 (stat) and (syst), in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Top Quark Mass and ppbar -> ttbar Cross Section in the All-Hadronic Mode with the CDFII Detector

Submitted to Phys. Rev. DWe present a measurement of the top quark mass and of the top-antitop pair production cross section using p-pbar data collected with the CDFII detector at the Tevatron Collider at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 fb-1. We select events with six or more jets satisfying a number of kinematical requirements imposed by means of a neural network algorithm. At least one of these jets must originate from a b quark, as identified by the reconstruction of a secondary vertex inside the jet. The mass measurement is based on a likelihood fit incorporating reconstructed mass distributions representative of signal and background, where the absolute jet energy scale (JES) is measured simultaneously with the top quark mass. The measurement yields a value of 174.8 +- 2.4(stat+JES) ^{+1.2}_{-1.0}(syst) GeV/c^2, where the uncertainty from the absolute jet energy scale is evaluated together with the statistical uncertainty. The procedure measures also the amount of signal from which we derive a cross section, sigma_{ttbar} = 7.2 +- 0.5(stat) +- 1.0 (syst) +- 0.4 (lum) pb, for the measured values of top quark mass and JES.We present a measurement of the top quark mass and of the top-antitop (tt̅ ) pair production cross section using pp̅ data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron Collider at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9  fb-1. We select events with six or more jets satisfying a number of kinematical requirements imposed by means of a neural-network algorithm. At least one of these jets must originate from a b quark, as identified by the reconstruction of a secondary vertex inside the jet. The mass measurement is based on a likelihood fit incorporating reconstructed mass distributions representative of signal and background, where the absolute jet energy scale (JES) is measured simultaneously with the top quark mass. The measurement yields a value of 174.8±2.4(stat+JES)-1.0+1.2(syst)  GeV/c2, where the uncertainty from the absolute jet energy scale is evaluated together with the statistical uncertainty. The procedure also measures the amount of signal from which we derive a cross section, σtt̅ =7.2±0.5(stat)±1.0(syst)±0.4(lum)  pb, for the measured values of top quark mass and JES.Peer reviewe

One sound system or two? : Evidence from one infant learning english and norwegian

To date, there is very little information about the early stages of bilingual language acquisition, and the information available is largely based on diary and anecdotal reports. In this thesis research the productions of one infant A, (1;9) learning English and Norwegian were analysed to provide information about the phonological system(s) acquired by a bilingual infant. Two issues where addressed; (1) whether an infant simultaneously acquiring two languages uses a single phonetic inventory or two separate systems, and (2) the effect a bilingual environment has on phonological acquisition. Speech productions were collected via audio recordings during free play, parental diary records and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Infants f1 989). All data were used to analyse the infant's lexicon. Transcriptions of the recorded data were compared across language environments and target languages in terms of phonetic inventories, syllabic inventories and substitution patterns. At the lexical level, A took the language of the listener into account in that he used a higher proportion of English words in the English environment and a higher percentage of Norwegian words in the Norwegian environment. He did not differentiate phonetic production. A used a single phonetic inventory in his productions of English and Norwegian words. A crosslanguage influence was noted in his system, as it contained both English and Norwegian segments, such as [w], which is part of the English (but not the Norwegian) system, and [0], which occurs in Norwegian, but not English.Medicine, Faculty ofAudiology and Speech Sciences, School ofGraduat

A meta-analysis of the relationship between speech and language development in children with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip

Purpose: Children with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip (NSCP±L) are at risk for speech production and language delays. In typical development there is a strong relationship between these constructs. If this relationship holds for children with NSCP±L, we could use speech delays to screen for language delays. Method: A random effects meta-analyses model was used to summarize the average correlation between consonant inventory and (1) expressive vocabulary and (2) mean length of utterance (MLU). Articles for inclusion were identified using PubMed, APA PsycINFO, and ERIC. Procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). Result: We estimated the average z-correlation between consonant inventory and vocabulary (k = 8, n = 187, z = 0.74, SE = .16, p < 0.001, [0.424, 1.052]), and MLU (k = 4, n = 83, z = 0.513, SE = 0.293, p = 0.081, [-0.063, 1.088]). Conclusion: Our results support a connection between consonant inventory and expressive language skills in children with NSCP±L, specifically with vocabulary. It may be possible to use consonant inventory measures to screen children with NSCP±L for language delays due to the importance of monitoring consonant acquisition in this clinical population