ACHADOS ANATOMOPATOLÓGICOS DE RAQUITISMO EM PERIQUITO AUSTRALIANO (Melopsittacus undulatus): RELATO DE CASO

O raquitismo é uma enfermidade caracterizada por falha na mineralização da placa epifisária de crescimento, e tem como causa a deficiência de vitamina D e/ou desbalanceamento de cálcio e fósforo. As deficiências podem estar correlacionadas com problemas genéticos, síndrome da má absorção, nefropatias, dieta mal balanceada ou falta de exposição apropriada à luz ultravioleta. Acomete aves jovens ainda em fase de crescimento e desenvolvimento ósseo, e as principais manifestações clínicas incluem fraturas tipo galho verde, dificuldade de se manter em estação e deformidade óssea, sobretudo em ossos longos, ranfoteca, caixa torácica e coluna vertebral (CUBAS e GODOY, 2004). O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de raquitismo em Melopsittacus undulatus. Foi encaminhado para clínica veterinária um periquito australiano, macho, aproximadamente três meses de idade, adquirido em uma loja agropecuária apresentando fratura nos membros pélvicos, que utilizava a ranfoteca para se locomover. O exame radiográfico revelou fratura completa e oblíqua em diáfise média do tibiotarso direito e fêmur esquerdo. As fraturas estavam associadas ao aumento de tecidos moles adjacentes com importante desvio do eixo ósseo anatômico. Ainda na radiografia, foi notado diminuição da densidade óssea dos membros pélvicos. Para intervenção da fratura em tibiotarso direito foi feito tala de fixação, já o membro esquerdo não foi imobilizado a princípio e o animal foi liberado para tratamento domiciliar. Após seis dias a ave foi a óbito e posteriormente encaminhada para necropsia, onde observou-se ranfoteca fragilizada e flexível, ossos do crânio fragilizados com aspecto elástico, assim como a articulação carpo-falângica direita. Além disso, também foi visualizado protuberâncias formadas por cartilagem nas junções costocondrais (rosário raquítico) e esterno distorcido. Nos pulmões haviam pequenas manchas esbranquiçadas, na região pericárdica notou-se moderada quantidade de líquido amarelado e translúcido e na luz intestinal havia conteúdo pastoso e vermelho escuro. Relatos sobre raquitismo são mais frequentes em aves de produção do que em aves exóticas, porém esta diferença pode estar relacionada ao subdiagnóstico da enfermidade na clínica de pets não convencionais. Essa doença é causada por deficiência de cálcio e fósforo, ocasionando hiperparatireoidismo secundário e osteopenia, o que explica o histórico de fraturas, a baixa densidade óssea revelada na radiografia e os ossos com aspectos de borracha detectados durante a necropsia. A falha na mineralização e acúmulo de cartilagem nas junções costocondrais (rosário raquítico) e o esterno distorcido também são alterações características da doença (KLASING e KORVER, 2020). Os demais achados macroscópicos como lesões pulmonares, cardíacas e intestinais podem ser decorrentes do estado de saúde e fragilidade do animal, aumentando o risco de enfermidades concomitantes. As informações aqui descritas ressaltam não só a necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre o raquitismo na clínica de aves exóticas, mas também a importância da fiscalização no tocante sanitário e de bem estar de animais comercializados em casas agropecuárias.

pH-responsive phthalate cashew gum nanoparticles for improving drugs delivery and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi efficacy

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco ( FACEPE ) for a scholarship. This study was supported by funding from the Spanish Group CTS-946 and project P18-RT-3786 . Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Nanotechnology is a crucial technology in recent years has resulted in new and creative applications of nanomedicine. Polymeric nanoparticles have increasing demands in pharmaceutical applications and require high reproducibility, homogeneity, and control over their properties. Work explores the use of cashew phthalate gum (PCG) as a particle-forming polymer. PCG exhibited a pH-sensitive behavior due to the of acid groups on its chains, and control drug release. We report the development of nanoparticles carrying benznidazole. Formulations were characterized by DLS, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, FTIR, pH-responsive behavior, release, and in vitro kinetics. Interaction between polymer and drug was an evaluated by molecular dynamics. Morphology was observed by SEM, and in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Trypanocidal effect for epimastigote and trypomastigote forms was also evaluated. NPs responded to the slightly basic pH, triggering the release of BNZ. In acidic medium, they presented small size, spherical shape, and good stability. It was indicated NP with enhanced biological activity, reduced cytotoxicity, high anti T. cruzi performance, and pH-sensitive release. This work investigated properties related to the development and enhancement of nanoparticles. PCG has specific physicochemical properties that make it a promising alternative to drug delivery, however, there are still challenges to be overcome.publishersversionpublishe

Dengue in Madeira Island

This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in the volume Mathematics of Planet Earth that initiates the book series CIM Series in Mathematical Sciences (CIM-MS) published by Springer. Submitted Oct/2013; Revised 16/July/2014 and 20/Sept/2014; Accepted 28/Sept/2014.Dengue is a vector-borne disease and 40% of world population is at risk. Dengue transcends international borders and can be found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. A model for dengue disease transmission, composed by mutually-exclusive compartments representing the human and vector dynamics, is presented in this study. The data is from Madeira, a Portuguese island, where an unprecedented outbreak was detected on October 2012. The aim of this work is to simulate the repercussions of the control measures in the fight of the disease

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: Social Ecology, Environmental Determinants, and Health Systems

In this paper, the Disease Reference Group on Helminth Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), with the mandate to review helminthiases research and identify research priorities and gaps, focuses on the environmental, social, behavioural, and political determinants of human helminth infections and outlines a research and development agenda for the socioeconomic and health systems research required for the development of sustainable control programmes. Using Stockols' social-ecological approach, we describe the role of various social (poverty, policy, stigma, culture, and migration) and environmental determinants (the home environment, water resources development, and climate change) in the perpetuation of helminthic diseases, as well as their impact as contextual factors on health promotion interventions through both the regular and community-based health systems. We examine these interactions in regard to community participation, intersectoral collaboration, gender, and possibilities for upscaling helminthic disease control and elimination programmes within the context of integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. The research agenda summarises major gaps that need to be addressed

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio