Protection from inflammatory disease in insulin resistance: the role of mannan-binding lectin

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Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Spain: the [email protected] Study

Introduction: atherosclerosis, blood vessel disease, is the main cause of cardiovascular disease associated with aging; comprising modifiable risk factors that increase because of this when it exists.Objective: to evaluate atherogenic markers and metabolic syndrome in older adults, with cardiovascular risk living in urban areas, Pinar del Río province. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, from the service of Clinical Laboratory at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Teaching General Hospital  Pinar del Río with 60 years old and older patients from the urban areas, during the period 2013 - 2014. The target group included 588 patients. The sample comprised 100 patients who have at least two risk factors previously established for this study.Results: ample predominance of women (61.0 %), the risk factors of higher incidence were hypertension 67 %, and sedentary lifestyle 65 %, followed by obesity 48 %, diabetes mellitus 40 % along with smoking habit 32 %, obese with increased diameters of waist circumference 48 %, and dyslipidemia 49 %, those with high glycemic values in fasting 50 % of the sample. It was considered that 63 % of the patients studied suffer from metabolic syndrome.Conclusions: a high number of white-skin women, the predominant risk factors were hypertension followed by sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes mellitus and smoking habit. Approximately half of the sample was obese with increased diameters of the waist circumference, a large part suffered from dyslipidemia and half of them showed high fasting blood glucose levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was detected.IIntroducción: aterosclerosis, enfermedad de los vasos sanguíneos, principal causa de enfermedad cardiovascular vinculada al envejecimiento, con factores de riesgo modificables que se incrementan cuando esta existe.Objetivo: evaluar marcadores aterogénicos y síndrome metabólico en adultos mayores, con riesgo cardiovascular residentes en zonas urbanas de la provincia Pinar del Río.Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, servicio de Laboratorio Clínico Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” Pinar del Río, pacientes de 60 años y más de zonas urbanas, durante período 2013 - 2014. Universo de 588 pacientes. Muestra de 100 pacientes que posean mínimo de dos factores de riesgo establecidos con anterioridad para este estudio.Resultados: amplio predominio de las mujeres (61 %). Factores de riesgo de mayor incidencia hipertensión arterial 67 %, y sedentarismo 65 %, seguidos por obesidad 48 %, diabetes mellitus 40 % y hábito de fumar 32 %, obesos con diámetros aumentados de la circunferencia de la cintura 48 %, presentaban dislipidemia 49 % y tenían elevados valores de glucemia en ayunas el 50 % de la muestra. Se consideró que 63 % de los pacientes estudiados presentaron síndrome metabólico.Conclusiones: elevado número de mujeres de piel blanca, con factor de riesgo predominante de hipertensión arterial seguido por sedentarismo, obesidad, diabetes mellitus y hábito de fumar. Alrededor de la mitad de la muestra fueron obesos con diámetros aumentados de la circunferencia de la cintura, gran parte presentaban dislipidemia y la mitad altos valores de glucemia en ayunas. Se detecta prevalencia de síndrome metabólico

Effect of pressure on La-2(WO4)(3) with a modulated scheelite-type structure

We have studied the effect of pressure on the structural and vibrational properties of lanthanum tritungstate La2(WO4)3. This compound crystallizes under ambient conditions in the modulated scheelite-type structure known as the α phase. We have performed x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements up to a pressure of 20 GPa, as well as ab initio calculations within the framework of the density functional theory. Up to 5 GPa, the three methods provide a similar picture of the evolution under pressure of α-La2(WO4)3. At 5 GPa, we begin to observe some structural changes, and above 6 GPa we find that the x-ray patterns cannot be indexed as a single phase. However, we find that a mixture of two phases with C2/c symmetry accounts for all diffraction peaks. Our ab initio study confirms the existence of several C2/c structures, which are very close in energy in this compression range. According to our measurements, a state with medium-range order appears at pressures above 9 and 11 GPa, from x-ray diffraction and Raman experiments, respectively. Based upon our theoretical calculations we propose several high-pressure candidates with high cationic coordinations at these pressures. The compound evolves into a partially amorphous phase at pressures above 20 GPa.We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Grants MAT2010-21270-C04-02/03/04, CTQ2009-14596-C02-01, CSD2007-00045 and the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund S2009/PPQ-1551-4161893. Access to the MALTA Cluster Computer (Universidad de Oviedo), the Atlante Super-computer (Instituto Tecnologico de Canarias, Red Espanola de Supercomputacion), and the MALTA Xcalibur Diffractometer (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) is gratefully acknowledged. C. G. A. wishes to thank the Agencia Canaria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Sociedad de la Informacion, and the European Social Fund of the Gobierno de Canarias for a fellowship. J.A.S. acknowledges financial support through the Juan de la Cierva fellowship program.Sabalisck, N.; Lopez Solano, J.; Guzmán-Afonso, C.; Santamaría Pérez, D.; González-Silgo, C.; Mújica, A.; Muñoz, A.... (2014). Effect of pressure on La-2(WO4)(3) with a modulated scheelite-type structure. Physical Review B (Condensed Matter). 89:1741121-17411211. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.174112S17411211741121189Maczka, M., Souza Filho, A. G., Paraguassu, W., Freire, P. T. C., Mendes Filho, J., & Hanuza, J. (2012). Pressure-induced structural phase transitions and amorphization in selected molybdates and tungstates. Progress in Materials Science, 57(7), 1335-1381. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.01.001Boulahya, K., Parras, M., & González-Calbet, J. M. (2005). A Structural Study of the Solid Solution Eu2(Mo1-xWx)3O12. 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Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 23(32), 325402. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/23/32/325402Jayaraman, A., Sharma, S. K., Wang, Z., & Wang, S. Y. (1997). Pressure-induced amorphization in the α-phase of Nd2(MoO4)3 and Tb2(MoO4)3. Solid State Communications, 101(4), 237-241. doi:10.1016/s0038-1098(96)00587-xLucazeau, G., Le Bacq, O., Pasturel, A., Bouvier, P., & Pagnier, T. (2011). High-pressure polarized Raman spectra of Gd2(MoO4)3: phase transitions and amorphization. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42(3), 452-460. doi:10.1002/jrs.2731Le Bacq, O., Machon, D., Testemale, D., & Pasturel, A. (2011). Pressure-induced amorphization mechanism in Eu2(MoO4)3. Physical Review B, 83(21). doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.214101Machon, D., Dmitriev, V. P., Sinitsyn, V. V., & Lucazeau, G. (2004). Eu2(MoO4)3single crystal at high pressure: Structural phase transitions and amorphization probed by fluorescence spectroscopy. 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(1993). Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals. Physical Review B, 47(1), 558-561. doi:10.1103/physrevb.47.558Kresse, G., & Furthmüller, J. (1996). Efficient iterative schemes forab initiototal-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Physical Review B, 54(16), 11169-11186. doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.11169Kresse, G., & Joubert, D. (1999). From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Physical Review B, 59(3), 1758-1775. doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.1758Blöchl, P. E. (1994). Projector augmented-wave method. Physical Review B, 50(24), 17953-17979. doi:10.1103/physrevb.50.17953Perdew, J. P., Ruzsinszky, A., Csonka, G. I., Vydrov, O. A., Scuseria, G. E., Constantin, L. A., … Burke, K. (2008). Restoring the Density-Gradient Expansion for Exchange in Solids and Surfaces. Physical Review Letters, 100(13). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.136406Monkhorst, H. J., & Pack, J. D. (1976). Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. 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Computer Physics Communications, 180(12), 2622-2633. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.03.010Sabalisck, N., Mestres, L., Vendrell, X., Cerdeiras, E., Santamaría, D., Lavin, V., … Guzman-Afonso, M. C. (2011). Amorphization in rare earth tungstates with modulated scheelite-type structure under pressure. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 67(a1), C504-C505. doi:10.1107/s0108767311087228Logvinovich, D., Arakcheeva, A., Pattison, P., Eliseeva, S., Tomeš, P., Marozau, I., & Chapuis, G. (2010). Crystal Structure and Optical and Magnetic Properties of Pr2(MoO4)3. Inorganic Chemistry, 49(4), 1587-1594. doi:10.1021/ic9019876Garg, N., Murli, C., Tyagi, A. K., & Sharma, S. M. (2005). Phase transitions inSc2(WO4)3under high pressure. Physical Review B, 72(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.064106Belsky, A., Hellenbrandt, M., Karen, V. L., & Luksch, P. (2002). New developments in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD): accessibility in support of materials research and design. 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Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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