Assessment of forest roads and firebreaks in Turkey

No Abstrac

Recursive Partitioning Analysis of Mediastinal N2 Lymph Node Involvement with Selected Biological Markers in Operable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Correlative Study

Background: Expressions of various biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been linked with the prognosis and involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes.Methods: In this study, we utilized recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) by using P53, c-erb-B2, and P-glycoprotein (PGP) expressions evaluated by immunohistochemistry to estimate retrospectively the likelihood of the occult N2 mediastinal lymph node involvement in patients with operable NSCLC.Results: In univariate tests, immunohistochemical staining of the primary tumor for these 3 markers in 61 patients undergoing surgery revealed no direct relationship with the N2 involvement. However, RPA demonstrated in patients aged 75 and with 4 mediastinal lymph nodes removed that, high PGP expression frequency (20%) predicted an increased likelihood of the N2 involvement (46.7%, R2 = 0.25). Univariate nominal logistic regression analysis revealed that RPA group affiliation, and the number of mediastinal lymph nodes resected (logarithmic transformation) were associated with the metastasis to N2 lymph nodes (χ2 = 17.59, p = 0.0005, and χ2 = 2.40, p = 0.0654, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that only RPA group affiliation predicted the N2 involvement (χ2 = 14.63, p = 0.0022).Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that PGP expression of the primary tumor may help to predict the occult N2 mediastinal lymph node involvement in NSCLC. Thus, further research is required to understand whether PGP expression may aid in the decision process for preoperative mediastinoscopy

Observations of sound-speed fluctuations in the Beaufort Sea from summer 2016 to summer 2017

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kucukosmanoglu, M., Colosi, J. A., Worcester, P. F., Dzieciuch, M. A., & Torres, D. J. Observations of sound-speed fluctuations in the Beaufort Sea from summer 2016 to summer 2017. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 149(3), (2021): 1536-1548, https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003601.Due to seasonal ice cover, acoustics can provide a unique means for Arctic undersea communication, navigation, and remote sensing. This study seeks to quantify the annual cycle of the thermohaline structure in the Beaufort Sea and characterize acoustically relevant oceanographic processes such as eddies, internal waves, near-inertial waves (NIWs), and spice. The observations are from a seven-mooring, 150-km radius acoustic transceiver array equipped with oceanographic sensors that collected data in the Beaufort Sea from 2016 to 2017. Depth and time variations of the sound speed are analyzed using isopycnal displacements, allowing a separation of baroclinic processes and spice. Compared to lower latitudes, the overall sound speed variability is small with a maximum root mean square of 0.6 m/s. The largest source of variability is spice, most significant in the upper 100 m, followed by eddies and internal waves. The displacement spectrum in the internal wave band is time dependent and different from the Garret-Munk (GM) spectrum. The internal wave energy varied with time averaging 5% of the GM spectrum. The spice sound-speed frequency spectrum has a form very different from the displacement spectrum, a result not seen at lower latitudes. Because sound speed variations are weak, observations of episodic energetic NIWs with horizontal currents up to 20 cm/s have potential acoustical consequences.This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and M.K. was supported by an ONR Ocean Acoustics Graduate Student Fellowship under Award No. N00014-19-1-2203. The 600 kHz ADCP and IPS ice draft data were supported by the ONR Arctic and Global Prediction Program (ONR 322AG) under Award No. N00014-15-1-2782. This material is based on work supported by the ONR under Award No. N00014-15-2068

Correlation of [18F]FDG PET activity with expressions of Ki-67 in non-small-cell lung cancer

Background: Lung carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer throughout the world and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for up to 80% of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) obtained from [18F]FDG PET/CT in NSCLCs and whether prognosis was predicted with SUVmax values.Material and methods: This retrospective study included biopsy and resection materials of 41 patients, who were examined in the pathology laboratory of Konya Training and Research Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019, and diagnosed with NSCLC, and whose [18F]FDG PET/CT images were present.Results: There was no significant difference between histopathological subtypes in terms of age (p = 0.077), Ki-67 PI (p = 0.454), and SUVmax (p = 0.143). No correlation was observed between Ki-67 PI and SUVmax values obtained from [18F]FDG PET/CT (p = 0.338, r = 0.153). There was no significant correlation between Ki-67 PI and tumor diameter (p = 0.531). The SUVmax value was found to be lower (12.78 ± 6.14) in tumors measuring ≤ 2.5 in diameter and higher (18.46 ± 7.81) in tumors measuring > 2.5 cm (p = 0.027). Metastases not proven histopathologically but detected in [18F]FDG PET/CT were found to have no significant correlation with Ki-67 and SUVmax values (p = 0.881, p = 0.837).Conclusions: This study showed that there was no significant relationship between Ki-67 PI and SUVmax value obtained from [18F]FDG PET/CT in NSCLC tumors

Appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant’s diet

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Inter-annual variability of the acoustic propagation in the Mediterranean Sea identified from a synoptic monthly gridded database as compared with GDEM

The primary area of this research is to identify inter-annual variability of acoustic propagation in the Mediterranean Sea through comparison of sound speed profiles obtained from the synoptic monthly gridded World Ocean Database (SMD-WOD) and Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) temperature (T) and salinity (S) data. The SMG-WOD for the region of interest in this study has 0.25°×0.25° horizontal resolutions, 28 vertical levels from the surface to 3000-meter depth, one-month temporal increment from January 1960 to December 2014. It provides the long-term spatial and temporal variability of the (T, S) and sound speed profile data. However, the GDEM offers climatological monthly mean (T, S) data with 0.25 horizontal resolution and 78 vertical depths from the surface to 6600 meters. Five distinct points were chosen in order to model acoustic propagation to account for significant differences in mean salinity, temperature vertical profiles and bottom sediments between sub-basins. Overall, we found that the Levantine Surface Water (LSW) has the highest spiciness among the all water masses. We analyzed that transmission loss (TL) for each decade, and we found that there are inter-annual TL variabilities. TL does not show high inter-annual variabilities over convergence zone paths; however, it shows high inter-annual variability on surface duct, bottom bounce and sound channels.http://archive.org/details/interannualvaria1094551561Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BIODIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLIES IN BEYKOZ GROVE OF ISTANBUL, TURKEY

In this study, Lepidoptera species collected by sweep net in Beykoz grove, Istanbul province, Turkey during the years of 2017-2018 was evaluated. A total of 182 specimens were collected in Beykoz. According to identification results, 57 species belonging to 12 families were recorded. The family Noctuidae was represented by the highest number of species (19), followed by Geometridae (16) and Notodontidae (6)

Physical Oceanographic and Acoustic Observations of the Beaufort Sea and its Subsurface Duct Sensitivity to Deterministic Ocean Features

The Arctic Ocean is rapidly transforming due to climate change, and this thesis analyzes two, year-long ocean-acoustic data sets to quantify variability in the thermohaline, current and ice structure and examine the implications for acoustic propagation in the Beaufort Sea. The two field efforts are the Canada Basin AcousticPropagation Experiment (CANAPE) and the Coordinated Arctic Acoustic Thermometry Experiment (CAATEX). These results are important since acoustics offers a unique tool for the Arctic under ice communication, navigation, and remote sensing.A key acoustic feature of the Beaufort Sea is the Beaufort duct created by the Pacific winter water (PWW), which is sandwiched between the shallow Pacific summer water (PSW) and the deeper Atlantic water (AW). This is important because this duct allows for long-range transmission without lossy interactions with sea ice or surface waves. In general, we find this duct can trap from 2-6 acoustic modes in the frequency range between several tens of Hz and several hundreds of Hz. Since fluctuations can alter the number of trapped modes and affect Transmission loss, we have analyzed variability due to spice, internal waves, eddies, and near-inertial waves, and we find spicy thermohaline structure is observed to be the most significant source of variability in the top 100 m, followed by eddies and internal waves.Acoustic interaction with the ice cover is another critical factor affecting arctic acoustics, so we have analyzed high-frequency acoustic scattering statistics from the CANAPE. Five important surface scattering epochs were identified over the seasonal cycle: open water, initial ice formation, ice solidification, ice thickening, and ice melting. The most significant changes in statistics are seen during the formation, solidification, and melting. The statistical features are comparable throughout the CANAPE region, implying similar ice properties.The stability of acoustic propagation in the Beaufort duct is another aspect of this thesis. We analyzed the oceanographic measurements from the CANAPE and CAATEX, and focused on the problem of mode coupling in the Beaufort duct,induced by deterministic ocean features such as eddies and intrusions. Here we find that deterministic variability in the PSW due to spice and stronger halocline eddies can result in enhanced coupling between acoustic modes in and out of the BD. Here we use the mode interaction parameter (MIP), which is a non-dimensional quantity, Γmn that quantifies the mode coupling strength between mode m (a duct mode) and all the other n modes. Strong/moderate-weak coupling is determined by MIP greater-than/less-than 1. The MIP is a function of acoustic frequency and horizontal structure, which we define as the typical half-width of Gaussian perturbation (Δ) in this thesis. Our result showed that for both large and small Δ, Γmn goes to zero, and maximal coupling occurs when Δ ranges between 1.5 and 2.2 km

Comparison of various clinicopathological parameters with a depth of invasion in basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) which is the most widespread malignant skin tumor around the world is an increasingly important public health problem since the incidence of BCC increases worldwide. In our study, we purposed to measure the variability of BCC invasion depth according to subtype, age, tumor diameter, gender, lymphocytic response, and anatomical localization and contribute to similar studies.100 BCC cases diagnosed in our department of pathology between January 2018 - June 2021 were included in the study. Clinicopathological parameters of the cases, such as demographic findings, tumor diameter, anatomical localization, histological type, and lymphocytic response, were obtained from the automatic data recording system of the hospital. The mean invasion depth was 3±1.87(0,5-13) mm. The relationship between depth of invasion and histopathological subtype (p=0.370), age (p=0.405), gender (p=0.937), lymphocytic response (p=0.418), and anatomical localization (p=0.118) was not significant. The depth of invasion was found to increase as the tumor diameter increases (p=0.004). A progressive increase in the incidence of BCC is noted making it an occupational and environmental disease with an obvious impact on the life quality of the patients. This puts a notable burden on the healthcare system, particularly in cases of invasive treatments and post-treatment relapses. Conducting multicenter research that investigates the efficacy of depth of invasion in different anatomical locations in a higher number of cases may help develop more effective treatments. [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 569-73