ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТРЕВОЖНОСТИ ВЕРУЮЩИХ И НЕВЕРУЮЩИХ МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЫ

In the modern Russian society there is at present currently a forward movement towards the study and analyses of world religions. This contributes to the fact that based on democratic values civilization, our govemment forms such a space in which representatives of different religions confessions, ethnic groups, feel quite comfortable. A believer, full of content religions feeling, emotion, religious values, open to the world, existentially active in the external social environment. Such structure of religion gives opportunity for religions person to develop, to realize your spiritual potential and, in general, your life plan. The article is devoted to the question of interrelation of religions personality with the level of anxieties. The paper analyzes the personal and situational, anxiely of two groups of respondents: believers and non-believers. Analysis of empirical data is found, what the unbelievers of personal and situational anxiety is higher than that of believers.Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the religiosity of young men and women, emotional security, identifying the level of situational and personal anxiety among believers and non-believers of the youth environment.Methodology. The study was a questionnaire survey. Scientific novelty-the author’s questionnaire is used to identify emotional feelings towards religion among boys and girls.Results. The results of the study showed the following: boys are more religious than girls, emotionally protected, girls are less religious, emotionally less stable than boys (parishioners), more anxious than boys. The scope of the results.Practical implications. Research can serve as an informative and informative basis in the study of the psychology of religious consciousness of representatives of the Orthodox tradition in the educational sphere, social institutions.В современном российском обществе в настоящее время наблюдается поступательное движение в сторону изучения и анализа мировых религий. Это способствует тому, что, опираясь на демократические ценности цивилизации, наше правительство формирует такое пространство, в котором представители разных религиозных конфессий, этносов, чувствуют себя достаточно комфортно. Верующий человек, содержательно наполненный религиозным чувством, эмоцией, религиозными ценностями, открыт миру, экзистенциально активен во внешней социальной среде. Такая структура религиозности дает возможность верующей личности развиваться, реализовать свой духовный потенциал и в целом, жизненный замысел. В работе проанализировано субъективное и объективное отношение молодежи к религиозной вере, уровни тревожности двух социальных групп респондентов: верующих и неверующих, соответственно – юношей и девушек.Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию религиозности юношей и девушек, эмоциональной защищенности, выявлению уровня ситуативной и личностной тревожности у верующих и неверующих молодежной среды.Методами исследования явились анкетирование, опрос.Научная новизна – использована авторская анкеты для выявления эмоционального чувства по отношению к религии среди юношей и девушек.Результаты проведенного исследования показали следующее: юноши более религиозны, чем девушки, эмоционально защищены, девушки в меньшей степени религиозны, эмоционально менее устойчивы, нежели юноши (прихожане), более тревожны, нежели юноши.Область применения результатов. Исследования могут послужить информативно-содержательной основой в изучении психологии религиозного сознания представителей православной традиции в образовательной сфере, социальных учреждениях

Effects of manipulating hypothalamic triiodothyronine concentrations on seasonal body weight and torpor cycles in siberian hamsters

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Obtaining fertilizers from organic waste

One of the serious and acute problems of our century is the problem of protecting the natural environment from the negative effects of various wastes that are generated by constantly increasing human economic activity. In order to protect and protect water resources, atmospheric air, soils, and for the use of various valuable components contained in the generated waste, new and diverse waste processing technologies are being developed and implemented every day. In this regard, the article presents a new way of processing chicken waste, lowering its pH by diluting it with appropriate acids. This is a chemical processing method. Due to the binding by chemical bonds, nitrogen remains in the fertilizer as a useful trace element

Hypothalamic Wnt signalling and its role in energy balance regulation

yesWnt signalling and its downstream effectors are well known for their roles in embryogenesis and tumourigenesis, including the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In the nervous system, Wnt signalling has been described mainly during embryonic development, although accumulating evidence suggests that it also plays a major role in adult brain morphogenesis and function. Studies have predominantly concentrated on memory formation in the hippocampus, although recent data indicate that Wnt signalling is also critical for neuroendocrine control of the developed hypothalamus, a brain centre that is key in energy balance regulation and whose dysfunction is implicated in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Based on scattered findings that report the presence of Wnt molecules in the tanycytes and ependymal cells lining the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus neurones of the hypothalamus, their potential importance in key regions of food intake and body weight regulation has been investigated in recent studies. The present review brings together current knowledge on Wnt signalling in the hypothalamus of adult animals and discusses the evidence suggesting a key role for members of the Wnt signalling family in glucose and energy balance regulation in the hypothalamus in diet-induced and genetically obese (leptin deficient) mice. Aspects of Wnt signalling in seasonal (photoperiod sensitive) rodents are also highlighted, given the recent evidence indicating that the Wnt pathway in the hypothalamus is not only regulated by diet and leptin, but also by photoperiod in seasonal animals, which is connected to natural adaptive changes in food intake and body weight. Thus, Wnt signalling appears to be critical as a modulator for normal functioning of the physiological state in the healthy adult brain, and is also crucial for normal glucose and energy homeostasis where its dysregulation can lead to a range of metabolic disorders

Prolactin Induces Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurone Differentiation in Snell Dwarf Mice if Administered Beginning at 3 Days of Age

The hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones secrete dopamine, which inhibits prolactin secretion. TIDA neurone numbers are deficient in Ames (df/df) and Snell (dw/dw) dwarf mice, which lack prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Prolactin therapy initiated before 21 days maintains normal-sized TIDA neurone numbers in df/df mice and, when initiated as early as 7 days, maintains the maximum TIDA neurone numbers observed in dw/dw development, which are decreased compared to those in normal mice. The present study investigated the effect of prolactin dose and species on TIDA neurone development. Snell dwarf and normal mice were treated with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL, or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Brains were analysed at 45 days using catecholamine histofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase or bromodeoxyuridine. Normal mice had greater (P ≤ 0.01) TIDA neurones than dw/dw, regardless of treatment. TIDA neurones in 50 μg oPRL-treated dw/dw mice were greater (P ≤ 0.05) than those in 5 μg oPRL- and rmPRL-treated dw/dw mice, which were greater (P ≤ 0.01) than those in saline-treated dw/dw mice. Fifty microgram oPRL-treated dw/dw mice also had greater (P < 0.01) TIDA neurone numbers than the maximum numbers observed in untreated dw/dw mice development. Among saline, 5 μg oPRL and 50 μg oPRL treatments, but not rmPRL, A14 neurone numbers were higher (P ≤ 0.01) in normal compared to in dw/dw mice. The mechanism of TIDA neurone recruitment was investigated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment at intervals after 21 days. Mice treated with rmPRL, but not oPRL, had increased BrdU incorporation in the periventricular area surrounding the third ventricle and median eminence and in the arcuate nucleus. The data obtained in the present study indicate that oPRL, but not rmPRL, when given at a high enough dose, induces TIDA neurone differentiation in dw/dw mice. This supports neurotrophic effects of prolactin on TIDA neurones in early postnatal development that extends beyond maintenance of the cell population

Hypothalamic tanycytes—masters and servants of metabolic, neuroendocrine, and neurogenic functions

There is a resurgent interest in tanycytes, a radial glial-like cell population occupying the floor and ventro-lateral walls of the third ventricle (3V). Tanycytes reside in close proximity to hypothalamic neuronal nuclei that regulate appetite and energy expenditure, with a subset sending projections into these nuclei. Moreover, tanycytes are exposed to 3V cerebrospinal fluid and have privileged access to plasma metabolites and hormones, through fenestrated capillaries. Indeed, some tanycytes act as conduits for trafficking of these molecules into the brain parenchyma. Tanycytes can also act as neural stem/progenitor cells, supplying the postnatal and adult hypothalamus with new neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that tanycytes regulate and integrate important trophic and metabolic processes and possibly endow functional malleability to neuronal circuits of the hypothalamus. Hence, manipulation of tanycyte biology could provide a valuable tool for modulating hypothalamic functions such as energy uptake and expenditure in order to tackle prevalent eating disorders such as obesity and anorexia

Proliferative Hypothalamic Neurospheres Express NPY, AGRP, POMC, CART and Orexin-A and Differentiate to Functional Neurons

Some pathological conditions with feeding pattern alterations, including obesity and Huntington disease (HD) are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Additionally, the hypothalamus is a neurogenic region with the constitutive capacity to generate new cells of neuronal lineage, in adult rodents

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Muscle Glucose Uptake by a PI3-Kinase–Dependent Pathway That Is Impaired With Obesity

OBJECTIVE: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reverses muscle insulin resistance by increasing fatty acid oxidation through gp130-LIF receptor signaling to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CNTF also increases Akt signaling in neurons and adipocytes. Because both Akt and AMPK regulate glucose uptake, we investigated muscle glucose uptake in response to CNTF signaling in lean and obese mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or CNTF, and blood glucose was monitored. The effects of CNTF on skeletal muscle glucose uptake and AMPK/Akt signaling were investigated in incubated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from muscle-specific AMPKalpha2 kinase-dead, gp130(DeltaSTAT), and lean and obese ob/ob and high-fat-fed mice. The effect of C2-ceramide on glucose uptake and gp130 signaling was also examined. RESULTS: CNTF reduced blood glucose and increased glucose uptake in isolated muscles in a time- and dose-dependent manner with maximal effects after 30 min with 100 ng/ml. CNTF increased Akt-S473 phosphorylation in soleus and EDL; however, AMPK-T172 phosphorylation was only increased in soleus. Incubation of muscles from AMPK kinase dead (KD) and wild-type littermates with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY-294002 demonstrated that PI3-kinase, but not AMPK, was essential for CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake. CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation were substantially reduced in obesity (high-fat diet and ob/ob) despite normal induction of gp130/AMPK signaling--effects also observed when treating myotubes with C2-ceramide. CONCLUSIONS: CNTF acutely increases muscle glucose uptake by a mechanism involving the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway that does not require AMPK. CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired in obesity-induced insulin resistance and by ceramide

Occurrence of new neurons in the piriform cortex

Adult neurogenesis has been well studied in hippocampus and subventricular zone; while this is much less appreciated in other brain regions, including amygdala, hypothalamus and piriform cortex. The present review aims at summarizing recent advances on the occurrence of new neurons in the piriform cortex, their potential origin and migration route from the subventricular zone. We further discuss the relevant implications in olfactory dysfunction accompanying the neuro-degenerative diseases

Thyroid hormone activation of retinoic acid synthesis in hypothalamic tanycytes

yesThyroid hormone (TH) is essential for adult brain function and its actions include several key roles in the hypothalamus. Although TH controls gene expression via specific TH receptors of the nuclear receptor class, surprisingly few genes have been demonstrated to be directly regulated by TH in the hypothalamus, or the adult brain as a whole. This study explored the rapid induction by TH of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Raldh1), encoding a retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme, as a gene specifically expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes, cells that mediate a number of actions of TH in the hypothalamus. The resulting increase in RA may then regulate gene expression via the RA receptors, also of the nuclear receptor class. In vivo exposure of the rat to TH led to a significant and rapid increase in hypothalamic Raldh1 within 4 hours. That this may lead to an in vivo increase in RA is suggested by the later induction by TH of the RA-responsive gene Cyp26b1. To explore the actions of RA in the hypothalamus as a potential mediator of TH control of gene regulation, an ex vivo hypothalamic rat slice culture method was developed in which the Raldh1-expressing tanycytes were maintained. These slice cultures confirmed that TH did not act on genes regulating energy balance but could induce Raldh1. RA has the potential to upregulate expression of genes involved in growth and appetite, Ghrh and Agrp. This regulation is acutely sensitive to epigenetic changes, as has been shown for TH action in vivo. These results indicate that sequential triggering of two nuclear receptor signalling systems has the capability to mediate some of the functions of TH in the hypothalamus