ЧЕЛОВЕК И ХРАМ: РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫМ ЧЕЛОВЕКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ХРАМА

This article discusses the features of the medieval human's worldview, his perception of the temple space and the city in the context of the basic concepts and binary oppositions related to the Middle Ages. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of the Gothic temple as a model of the world for human cognition of their own nature, world order and the Divine.В данной статье рассматриваются особенности мироощущения средневекового человека, его восприятие пространства храма и города в контексте основных понятий и бинарных оппозиций, характерных для Средневековья. Делаются выводы о значении готического храма как модели мира для познания человеком собственной природы, мироустройства и Божественного

REACTION OF 3-ARYL-1-(BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL)PROPANE-1,3-DIONES WITH ARYLAMINES

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. FSNF-2020-0008), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-43-596008) and the Government of Perm Krai, Scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and graduate students (project no. SP-838.2022.4)

The evolutionary history of common genetic variants influencing human cortical surface area

Structural brain changes along the lineage leading to modern Homo sapiens contributed to our distinctive cognitive and social abilities. However, the evolutionarily relevant molecular variants impacting key aspects of neuroanatomy are largely unknown. Here, we integrate evolutionary annotations of the genome at diverse timescales with common variant associations from large-scale neuroimaging genetic screens. We find that alleles with evidence of recent positive polygenic selection over the past 2000–3000 years are associated with increased surface area (SA) of the entire cortex, as well as specific regions, including those involved in spoken language and visual processing. Therefore, polygenic selective pressures impact the structure of specific cortical areas even over relatively recent timescales. Moreover, common sequence variation within human gained enhancers active in the prenatal cortex is associated with postnatal global SA. We show that such variation modulates the function of a regulatory element of the developmentally relevant transcription factor HEY2 in human neural progenitor cells and is associated with structural changes in the inferior frontal cortex. These results indicate that non-coding genomic regions active during prenatal cortical development are involved in the evolution of human brain structure and identify novel regulatory elements and genes impacting modern human brain structure

Spin chemistry investigation of peculiarities of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor linked system

Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in linked systems, (R,S)- and (S,S)-naproxen-N-methylpyrrolidine dyads, has been studied by means of spin chemistry methods [magnetic field effect and chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP)]. The relative yield of the triplet state of the dyads in different magnetic field has been measured, and dependences of the high-field CIDNP of the N-methylpyrrolidine fragment on solvent polarity have been investigated. However, both (S,S)- and (R,S)-enantiomers demonstrate almost identical CIDNP effects for the entire range of polarity. It has been demonstrated that the main peculiarities of photoprocesses in this linked system are connected with the participation of singlet exciplex alongside with photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in chromophore excited state quenching.This work was supported by the grants 08-03-00372 and 11-03-01104 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the grant of Priority Programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences, nr. 5.1.5.Magin, I.; Polyakov, N.; Khramtsova, E.; Kruppa, A.; Stepanov, A.; Purtov, P.; Leshina, T.... (2011). Spin chemistry investigation of peculiarities of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor linked system. Applied Magnetic Resonance. 41(2-4):205-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-011-0288-3S205220412-4J.S. Park, E. Karnas, K. Ohkubo, P. Chen, K.M. Kadish, S. Fukuzumi, C.W. Bielawski, T.W. Hudnall, V.M. Lynch, J.L. Sessler, Science 329, 1324–1327 (2010)S.Y. Reece, D.G. Nocera, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78, 673–699 (2009)M.S. Afanasyeva, M.B. Taraban, P.A. Purtov, T.V. Leshina, C.B. Grissom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 8651–8658 (2006)M.A. Fox, M. Chanon, in Photoinduced Electron Transfer. C: Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions: Organic Substrates (Elsevier, New York, 1988), p. 754P.J. Hayball, R.L. Nation, F. Bochner, Chirality 4, 484–487 (1992)N. Suesa, M.F. Fernandez, M. Gutierrez, M.J. Rufat, E. Rotllan, L. Calvo, D. Mauleon, G. Carganico, Chirality 5, 589–595 (1993)A.M. Evans, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 36, 7–15 (1996)Y. Inoue, T. Wada, S. Asaoka, H. Sato, J.-P. Pete, Chem Commun. 4, 251–259 (2000)T. Yorozu, K. Hayashi, M. Irie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 5480–5548 (1981)N.J. Turro, in Modern Molecular Photochemistry (Benjamin/Cummings, San Francisco, 1978)K.M. Salikhov, Y.N. Molin, R.Z. Sagdeev, A.L. Buchachenko, in Spin Polarization and Magnetic Field Effects in Radical Reactions (Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1984), p. 419E.A. Weiss, M.A. Ratner, M.R. Wasielewski, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 3639–3647 (2003)A.S. Lukas, P.J. Bushard, E.A. Weiss, M.R. Wasielewski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 3921–3930 (2003)R. Nakagaki, K. Mutai, M. Hiramatsu, H. Tukada, S. Nakakura, Can. J. Chem. 66, 1989–1996 (1988)M.C. Jim′enez, U. Pischel, M.A. Miranda, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 8, 128–142 (2007)S. Abad, U. Pischel, M.A. Miranda, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4, 69–74 (2005)U. Pischel, S. Abad, L.R. Domingo, F. Bosca, M.A. Miranda, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 2531–2534 (2003)G.L. Closs, R.J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 1639–1641 (1979)G.L. Closs, R.J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 3586–3588 (1981)M. Goez, Chem. Phys. Lett. 188, 451–456 (1992)I.F. Molokov, Y.P. Tsentalovich, A.V. Yurkovskaya, R.Z. Sagdeev, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 110, 159–165 (1997)U. Pischel, S. Abad, M.A. Miranda, Chem. Commun. 9, 1088–1089 (2003)H. Hayashi, S. Nagakura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57, 322–328 (1984)Y. Sakaguchi, H. Hayashi, S. Nagakura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 53, 39–42 (1980)H. Yonemura, H. Nakamura, T. Matsuo, Chem. Phys. Lett. 155, 157–161 (1989)N. Hata, M. Hokawa, Chem. Lett. 10, 507–510 (1981)M. Shiotani, L. Sjoeqvist, A. Lund, S. Lunell, L. Eriksson, M.B. Huang, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 8081–8090 (1990)E. Schaffner, H. Fischer, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 1657–1665 (1996)Y. Mori, Y. Sakaguchi, H. Hayashi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 286, 446–451 (1998)I.M. Magin, A.I. Kruppa, P.A. Purtov, Chem. Phys. 365, 80–84 (2009)K.K. Barnes, Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems (M. Dekker, New York, 1970), p. 560J. Bargon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 8350–8351 (1977)M. Goez, I. Frisch, J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 8079–8084 (2002)A.K. Chibisov, Russ. Chem. Rev. 50, 615–629 (1981)J. Goodman, K. Peters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 1441–1442 (1985)H. Cao, Y. Fujiwara, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, C.-H. Tung, Y. Tanimoto, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69, 2801–2813 (1996)P.A. Purtov, A.B. Doktorov, Chem. Phys. 178, 47–65 (1993)A.I. Kruppa, O.I. Mikhailovskaya, T.V. Leshina, Chem. Phys. Lett. 147, 65–71 (1988)M.E. Michel-Beyerle, R. Haberkorn, W. Bube, E. Steffens, H. Schröder, H.J. Neusser, E.W. Schlag, H. Seidlitz, Chem. Phys. 17, 139–145 (1976)K. Schulten, H. Staerk, A. Weller, H.-J. Werner, B. Nickel, Z. Phys. Chem. 101, 371–390 (1976)K. Gnadig, K.B. Eisenthal, Chem. Phys. Lett. 46, 339–342 (1977)T. Nishimura, N. Nakashima, N. Mataga, Chem. Phys. Lett. 46, 334–338 (1977)M.G. Kuzmin, I.V. Soboleva, E.V. Dolotova, D.N. Dogadkin, High Eng. Chem. 39, 86–96 (2005

Survey of Period Variations of Superhumps in SU UMa-Type Dwarf Novae

We systematically surveyed period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae based on newly obtained data and past publications. In many systems, the evolution of superhump period are found to be composed of three distinct stages: early evolutionary stage with a longer superhump period, middle stage with systematically varying periods, final stage with a shorter, stable superhump period. During the middle stage, many systems with superhump periods less than 0.08 d show positive period derivatives. Contrary to the earlier claim, we found no clear evidence for variation of period derivatives between superoutburst of the same object. We present an interpretation that the lengthening of the superhump period is a result of outward propagation of the eccentricity wave and is limited by the radius near the tidal truncation. We interpret that late stage superhumps are rejuvenized excitation of 3:1 resonance when the superhumps in the outer disk is effectively quenched. Many of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae showed long-enduring superhumps during the post-superoutburst stage having periods longer than those during the main superoutburst. The period derivatives in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae are found to be strongly correlated with the fractional superhump excess, or consequently, mass ratio. WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with a long-lasting rebrightening or with multiple rebrightenings tend to have smaller period derivatives and are excellent candidate for the systems around or after the period minimum of evolution of cataclysmic variables (abridged).Comment: 239 pages, 225 figures, PASJ accepte

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe

The Evolutionary History of Common Genetic Variants Influencing Human Cortical Surface Area.

Structural brain changes along the lineage leading to modern Homo sapiens contributed to our distinctive cognitive and social abilities. However, the evolutionarily relevant molecular variants impacting key aspects of neuroanatomy are largely unknown. Here, we integrate evolutionary annotations of the genome at diverse timescales with common variant associations from large-scale neuroimaging genetic screens. We find that alleles with evidence of recent positive polygenic selection over the past 2000-3000 years are associated with increased surface area (SA) of the entire cortex, as well as specific regions, including those involved in spoken language and visual processing. Therefore, polygenic selective pressures impact the structure of specific cortical areas even over relatively recent timescales. Moreover, common sequence variation within human gained enhancers active in the prenatal cortex is associated with postnatal global SA. We show that such variation modulates the function of a regulatory element of the developmentally relevant transcription factor HEY2 in human neural progenitor cells and is associated with structural changes in the inferior frontal cortex. These results indicate that non-coding genomic regions active during prenatal cortical development are involved in the evolution of human brain structure and identify novel regulatory elements and genes impacting modern human brain structure

The Evolutionary History of Common Genetic Variants Influencing Human Cortical Surface Area.

Structural brain changes along the lineage leading to modern Homo sapiens contributed to our distinctive cognitive and social abilities. However, the evolutionarily relevant molecular variants impacting key aspects of neuroanatomy are largely unknown. Here, we integrate evolutionary annotations of the genome at diverse timescales with common variant associations from large-scale neuroimaging genetic screens. We find that alleles with evidence of recent positive polygenic selection over the past 2000-3000 years are associated with increased surface area (SA) of the entire cortex, as well as specific regions, including those involved in spoken language and visual processing. Therefore, polygenic selective pressures impact the structure of specific cortical areas even over relatively recent timescales. Moreover, common sequence variation within human gained enhancers active in the prenatal cortex is associated with postnatal global SA. We show that such variation modulates the function of a regulatory element of the developmentally relevant transcription factor HEY2 in human neural progenitor cells and is associated with structural changes in the inferior frontal cortex. These results indicate that non-coding genomic regions active during prenatal cortical development are involved in the evolution of human brain structure and identify novel regulatory elements and genes impacting modern human brain structure

Preliminary results of the first scientific drilling on Lake Baikal, Buguldeika site, southeastern Siberia

The Baikal Drilling Project (BDP) is a multinational effort to investigate the paleoclimatic history and tectonic evolution of the Baikal sedimentary basin during the Late Neogene. In March 1993 the Baikal drilling system was successfuly deployed from a barge frozen into position over a topographic high, termed the Buguldeika saddle, in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. The BDP-93 scientific team, made up of Russian, American and Japanese scientists, successfully recovered the first long (\u3e100 m) hydraulic piston cores from two holes in 354 m of water. High quality cores of 98 m (Hole 1) and 102 m (Hole 2), representing sedimentation over the last 500,000 years, were collected in 78 mm diameter plastic liners with an average recovery of 72% and 90%, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility logging reveals an excellent hole-to-hole correlation. In this report the scientific team describes the preliminary analytical results from BDP-93 hole 1 cores. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry provides an accurate chronology for the upper portion of Hole 1. Detailed lithologic characteristics, rock magnetic properties and inorganic element distributions show a significant change to the depositional environment occuring at 50 m subbottom depth, approximately 250,000 BP. This change may be due to uplift and rotation of the horst block in the Buguldeika saddle. The sedimentary section above 50 m is pelitic with varve-like laminae, whereas the section below 50 m contains a high proportion of sand and gravel horizons often organized into turbidite sequences. Accordingly, high resolution seismic records reveal a change in sonic velocity at this depth. It is inferred that sedimentation prior to 250 ka BP was from the west via the Buguldeika river system. After 250 ka BP the Buguldeika saddle reflects an increase in hemipelagic sediments admixed with fine-grained material from the Selenga River drainage basin, east of Lake Baikal. Variations in the spore-pollen assemblage, diatoms, biogenic silica content, rock magnetic properties, clay mineralogy and organic carbon in the upper 50 m of BDP-93-1 reveal a detailed record of climate change over approximately the last 250,000 years. These variables alternate in a pattern characteristic of glacial/interglacial climatic fluctuations. The present age model suggests that the climate signal recorded in Lake Baikal sediments is similar to Late Quaternary signals recorded in Chinese loess sections and in marine sediments. Copyright © 1996 INQUA/ Elsevier Science Ltd