The Role of Culture in Promoting Architectural Identity

The culture of each society is identified through its manifestations such as language, art, and architecture, and analysis in the field of culture is related to the study of cultural manifestations. Architecture as a matter of human life reflects the culture in every society interacting closely with structural, historical, political, economic and social features of society. People in every country try to follow their norms and maintain their values in making of architecture by applying the material things. Changing the cultural and social attitudes in communities has the greatest impact on the architecture. Therefore, the role of culture in promoting architectural identity seems essential. This descriptive article with the assumption that architectural is a complete symbol of human culture tries to study the role of culture in promoting architectural identity based on the documents and library studies. Therefore, after relooking the definitions of culture, identity, architecture and their interaction with each other, some Iranian historic buildings in different periods (as the case studies) were studied. The result is that the culture of each community defines the identity of the community and architecture as a social phenomenon was originated  from the culture and its effects. Art and architecture are of the most important symptoms and characteristics of each nation and every historical period that indicate the environment human’s lives at any time. So, if architectural identity gets described in culture and tradition, the architecture based on today’s not past culture and traditions is the architecture with identity that is and will always be  with us

The Role of Culture in Promoting Architectural Identity

The culture of each society is identified through its manifestations such as language, art, and architecture, and analysis in the field of culture is related to the study of cultural manifestations. Architecture as a matter of human life reflects the culture in every society interacting closely with structural, historical, political, economic and social features of society. People in every country try to follow their norms and maintain their values in making of architecture by applying the material things. Changing the cultural and social attitudes in communities has the greatest impact on the architecture. Therefore, the role of culture in promoting architectural identity seems essential. This descriptive article with the assumption that architectural is a complete symbol of human culture tries to study the role of culture in promoting architectural identity based on the documents and library studies. Therefore, after relooking the definitions of culture, identity, architecture and their interaction with each other, some Iranian historic buildings in different periods (as the case studies) were studied. The result is that the culture of each community defines the identity of the community and architecture as a social phenomenon was originated  from the culture and its effects. Art and architecture are of the most important symptoms and characteristics of each nation and every historical period that indicate the environment human’s lives at any time. So, if architectural identity gets described in culture and tradition, the architecture based on today’s not past culture and traditions is the architecture with identity that is and will always be  with us

Designing Principles in Historical Buildings of Iran

Uneven and unbalanced development is one of the problems of Iranian  cities. Ignoring  the past including the historic environment, buildings and structures in terms of various issues, in addition to the heterogeneity and creating chaos in the urban landscape and the gradual loss of identity of the cities and cultural mismatch can  create other problems. Urban designing and modern urbanism in historical cities should coordinate with urbanism regulations governing these buildings and designing before considering regulations of urbanism designing is completely unacceptable in these context buildings. This study tries to consider the charters, declarations and  universal principles proposed in the context of designing historical buildings as well as investigating how to design the architecture in this area and how to maintain these buildings buildings in the heart of the new urban developments. Principles and regulations extracted in this study are an effort to systematize the new designs and interventions in the historical building buildings. Providing such regulations and scrutinizing the details of architectural design principles derived from indigenous identity and urbanism architecture of the area is the most important step that should now be included in the management and conservation programs of these buildings

The Role of Culture in Promoting Architectural Identity

The culture of each society is identified through its manifestations such as language, art, and architecture, and analysis in the field of culture is related to the study of cultural manifestations. Architecture as a matter of human life reflects the culture in every society interacting closely with structural, historical, political, economic and social features of society. People in every country try to follow their norms and maintain their values in making of architecture by applying the material things. Changing the cultural and social attitudes in communities has the greatest impact on the architecture. Therefore, the role of culture in promoting architectural identity seems essential. This descriptive article with the assumption that architectural is a complete symbol of human culture tries to study the role of culture in promoting architectural identity based on the documents and library studies. Therefore, after relooking the definitions of culture, identity, architecture and their interaction with each other, some Iranian historic buildings in different periods (as the case studies) were studied. The result is that the culture of each community defines the identity of the community and architecture as a social phenomenon was originated  from the culture and its effects. Art and architecture are of the most important symptoms and characteristics of each nation and every historical period that indicate the environment human’s lives at any time. So, if architectural identity gets described in culture and tradition, the architecture based on today’s not past culture and traditions is the architecture with identity that is and will always be  with us

Designing Principles in Historical Buildings of Iran

Uneven and unbalanced development is one of the problems of Iranian  cities. Ignoring  the past including the historic environment, buildings and structures in terms of various issues, in addition to the heterogeneity and creating chaos in the urban landscape and the gradual loss of identity of the cities and cultural mismatch can  create other problems. Urban designing and modern urbanism in historical cities should coordinate with urbanism regulations governing these buildings and designing before considering regulations of urbanism designing is completely unacceptable in these context buildings. This study tries to consider the charters, declarations and  universal principles proposed in the context of designing historical buildings as well as investigating how to design the architecture in this area and how to maintain these buildings buildings in the heart of the new urban developments. Principles and regulations extracted in this study are an effort to systematize the new designs and interventions in the historical building buildings. Providing such regulations and scrutinizing the details of architectural design principles derived from indigenous identity and urbanism architecture of the area is the most important step that should now be included in the management and conservation programs of these buildings

Designing Principles in Historical Buildings of Iran

Uneven and unbalanced development is one of the problems of Iranian  cities. Ignoring  the past including the historic environment, buildings and structures in terms of various issues, in addition to the heterogeneity and creating chaos in the urban landscape and the gradual loss of identity of the cities and cultural mismatch can  create other problems. Urban designing and modern urbanism in historical cities should coordinate with urbanism regulations governing these buildings and designing before considering regulations of urbanism designing is completely unacceptable in these context buildings. This study tries to consider the charters, declarations and  universal principles proposed in the context of designing historical buildings as well as investigating how to design the architecture in this area and how to maintain these buildings buildings in the heart of the new urban developments. Principles and regulations extracted in this study are an effort to systematize the new designs and interventions in the historical building buildings. Providing such regulations and scrutinizing the details of architectural design principles derived from indigenous identity and urbanism architecture of the area is the most important step that should now be included in the management and conservation programs of these buildings

Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses

Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (|ρ^| ≈ 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.</p

Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9

Abstract: Background: We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. Methods: Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration. Results: The PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer’s disease – outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable. Conclusions: Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate

New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk

To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10−8), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk

Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies