AN EFFICIENT APPROACH USING RULE INDUCTION AND ASSOCIATION RULE MINING ALGORITHMS IN DATA MINING

In this research work we use rule induction in data mining to obtain the accurate results with fast processing time. We using decision list induction algorithm to make order and unordered list of rules to coverage of maximum data from the data set. Using induction rule via association rule mining we can generate number of rules for training dataset to achieve accurate result with less error rate. We also use induction rule algorithms like confidence static and Shannon entropy to obtain the high rate of accurate results from the large dataset. This can also improves the traditional algorithms with good result

Engineering nucleotide specificity of succinyl-CoA synthetase in blastocystis: the emerging role of gatekeeper residues

Charged, solvent-exposed residues at the entrance to the substrate binding site (gatekeeper residues) produce electrostatic dipole interactions with approaching substrates, and control their access by a novel mechanism called "electrostatic gatekeeper effect". This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the nucleotide specificity can be engineered by altering the electrostatic properties of the gatekeeper residues outside the binding site. Using Blastocystis succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS, EC 6.2.1.5), we demonstrated that the gatekeeper mutant (ED) resulted in ATP-specific SCS to show high GTP specificity. Moreover, nucleotide binding site mutant (LF) had no effect on GTP specificity and remained ATP-specific. However, via combination of the gatekeeper mutant with the nucleotide binding site mutant (ED+LF), a complete reversal of nucleotide specificity was obtained with GTP, but no detectable activity was obtained with ATP. This striking result of the combined mutant (ED+LF) was due to two changes; negatively charged gatekeeper residues (ED) favored GTP access, and nucleotide binding site residues (LF) altered ATP binding, which was consistent with the hypothesis of the "electrostatic gatekeeper effect". These results were further supported by molecular modeling and simulation studies. Hence, it is imperative to extend the strategy of the gatekeeper effect in a different range of crucial enzymes (synthetases, kinases, and transferases) to engineer substrate specificity for various industrial applications and substrate-based drug design

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Immune Response of Swine to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Laboratory and Field Studies

129 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is an arterivirus that has had a significant economic impact on the pork industry in the past few decades. Our studies have focused on three major issues that concern alleviation of this problem. These include utilizing contact exposure to inoculated pigs as a strategy for acclimatization of pigs to autogenous (endemic) PRRSv strains; comparing protection against autogenous and heterogenous strains to better understand cross protection; and discovering T cell epitopes of PRRSv, which will be useful for designing epitope driven vaccines.The first study relates to the practice of "acclimatization", which is geared towards generation of immunity to locally circulating endemic strains. The study documents acclimatization to PRRSv via contact exposure to inoculated pigs, a novel procedure of acclimatization hitherto not described. Since early acclimatization to PRRSv is considered crucial to development of immunity, we evaluated acclimatization in two age groups and demonstrate that acclimatization to PRRSv via contact exposure may be practiced till pigs are 10.5 weeks of age to raise immunity against locally circulating endemic PRRSv strains.Cross protection is an important issue concerning constantly changing pathogens like PRRSv. Our second study evaluates cross protection by challenging PRRSv vaccinated pigs with autogenous and heterogenous PRRSv strains. The study demonstrates that: (1) The interaction between viral strains and the porcine immune system may not be stereotypic; (2) Long term protection provided by a strain may not correlate with the immediate cytopathic effects of a viral strain; (3) Cross protection may result not only from antigenic variability, but also from inter-strain variation in immunogenicity; and (4) Apart from viral load, other factors related to the inherent virulence of the viral strain may be responsible for disease outcome. Heterogenous viral strains albeit different, possibly have common epitopes that they use to interact with the host. In our third study, we determined the T cell epitopes of the two viral strains used for the second study and also attempted to see if there were any differences between the two strains.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

LCI699, a potent 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor, administered in combination with the multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analog pasireotide: A 13-week study in rats

The somatostatin analog pasireotide and the 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor LCI699 reduce cortisol levels by distinct mechanisms of action. As such, there exists a scientific rationale to investigate the clinical efficacy of these two agents in combination. This manuscript reports the results of a toxicology study in rats, evaluating different doses of LCI699 and pasireotide alone and in combination. Sixty male and 60 female rats were randomized into single-sex groups to receive daily doses of pasireotide (0.3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), LCI699 (20 mg/kg/day, orally), LCI699/pasireotide in combination (low dose, 1.5/0.03 mg/kg/day; mid dose, 5/0.1 mg/kg/day; or high dose, 20/0.3 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 13 weeks. Mean body-weight gains from baseline to Week 13 were significantly lower in the pasireotide-alone and combined-treatment groups compared to controls, and were significantly higher in female rats receiving LCI699 monotherapy. LCI699 and pasireotide monotherapies were associated with significant changes in the histology and mean weights of the pituitary and adrenal glands, liver, and ovary/oviduct. LCI699 alone was associated with adrenocortical hypertrophy and hepatocellular hypertrophy. In combination, LCI699/pasireotide did not exacerbate any target organ changes and ameliorated the liver and adrenal gland changes observed with monotherapy. Cmax and AUC0–24h of LCI699 and pasireotide increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. The pasireotide and LCI699 combination did not exacerbate changes in target organ weight or toxicity compared with either monotherapy, and had an acceptable safety profile; the addition of pasireotide to the LCI699 regimen may attenuate potential adrenal gland hyperactivation and hepatocellular hypertrophy, which are potential side effects of LCI699 monotherapy

Predicted interactions between the prodomain and the mature domain of FP2 and FP3.

<p><b>A.</b> Close up of predicted interactions between the mature enzyme and the ERFNIN and GNFD motifs of the prodomain (Arg ¹⁸⁵ - Glu ²²¹, and Phe ²¹⁴-Trp⁴⁴⁹/Trp ⁴⁵³, Glu ²¹⁰ - Lys ⁴⁰³). Blue dashed lines indicate presumed stabilizing interactions between residues in FP2. <b>B.</b> Blue dashed lines indicate presumed stabilizing interactions (Arg ²⁰²-Glu²³⁸ and Phe ²³¹-Trp⁴⁵⁷/Trp461) between the residues in FP3.</p

Auto-activation of Pro-FP2.

<p>The activation of Pro-FP2 was represented by complex of prodomain (cyan) and mature domain (Purple). Structural features of inactive and active FP2 were shown, where 160 N-terminal residues of the prodomain was not included in the model.</p