SPACES OF FIBONACCI DIFFERENCE IDEAL CONVERGENT SEQUENCES IN RANDOM 2–NORMED SPACE

In this article, by using Fibonacci difference matrix  and the notion of ideal convergence of sequences in random 2–normed space, we introduce some new spaces of Fibonacci difference ideal convergent sequences with respect to random -norm and study some inclusion relations, topological and algebraic properties of these spaces.

Interaction between Pasteurella multocida B: 2 and its derivatives with bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC)

Background: Pasteurella multocida B:2 causes bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), leading to rapid fatalities in cattle and buffaloes. An attenuated derivative of P. multocida B:2 GDH7, was previously constructed through mutation of the gdhA gene and proved to be an effective live attenuated vaccine for HS. Currently, only two potential live attenuated vaccine candidates for HS are being reported; P. multocida B:2 GDH7 and P. multocida B:2 JRMT12. This study primarily aims to investigate the potential of P. multocida B:2 GDH7 strain as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine for future multivalent applications. Results: An investigation on the adherence, invasion and intracellular survival of bacterial strains within the bovine aortic endothelial cell line (BAEC) were carried out. The potential vaccine strain, P. multocida B:2 GDH7, was significantly better (p ≤ 0.05) at adhering to and invading BAEC compared to its parent strain and to P. multocida B:2 JRMT12 and survived intracellularly 7 h post treatment, with a steady decline over time. A dual reporter plasmid, pSRGM, which enabled tracking of bacterial movement from the extracellular environment into the intracellular compartment of the mammalian cells, was subsequently transformed into P. multocida B:2 GDH7. Intracellular trafficking of the vaccine strain, P. multocida B:2 GDH7 was subsequently visualized by tracking the reporter proteins via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Conclusions: The ability of P. multocida B:2 GDH7 to model bactofection represents a possibility for this vaccine strain to be used as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine for future multivalent protection in cattle and buffaloes

PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus Bloch) DI BERBAGAI HABITAT DI LINGKUNGAN DANAU MELINTANG - KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan betok di berbagai habitat di lingkungan Danau Melintang Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei selama musim penghujan, yaitu bulan November 2007 hingga Januari 2008. Stasiun pengamatan ditetapkan secara sengaja di perairan danau, sungai dan rawa banjiran (flood plain). Di setiap stasiun pengamatan tersebut, ikan betok (Anabas testudinus) ditangkap dengan alat tangkul, jaring insang dan keblat. Ikan contoh dihitung dan masing-masing diukur panjang total dan bobotnya. Hubungan panjang berat dan pendugaan pertumbuhan ikan betok di masing-masing habitat diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan ikan betok terbanyak di rawa. Pola pertumbuhan ikan betok jantan dan betina di habitat rawa berbeda, masing-masing mengikuti pola isometrik dan alometrik. Pola pertumbuhan ikan tersebut di sungai dan danau adalah alometrik, baik jantan maupun betina. Berdasarkan atas dugaan parameter pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy, nilai K dan Loo untuk ikan betok adalah 0,73 th-1 dan 214, 2 mm di rawa, 0,66 th-1 dan 204,23 mm di sungai dan 1,30 th-1 dan 200,55 mm di danau. This research proposed to observe growth pattern of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in different habitats of Lake Melintang area, East Kalimantan Provincy. The research was executed using survey methods during rainy season, namely from November 2007 to January 2008. Sampling station was defined purposively in body of lake, river and floodplain area, respectively. In each station, the climbing perch was caught using lift net, gill net and trap (keblat). The fishes were numbered and measured for their total length and weight individually. Lenght and weight relationship and estimation of fish growth were calculated. The results indicated that the highest number of the climbing perch was observed in floodplain. Differences of growth pattern were observed for male and female of the fishes caught in floodplain, namely isometric and allometric respectively. However, there was no differences of the growth pattern in lake and river, following allometric growth. Base on von Bertalanffy equation, the values of K and Loo for climbing perch were 0.73 yr-1 and 214.2 mm; 0,66 yr-1 and 204,23 mm and 1,30 yr-1 and 200,55 mm for floodplain, river and lake, respectively

Fruits recognition based on texture features and K-Nearest Neighbor

Malaysia is well-known for its variety of fruits available in the country such as pineapple, guava, durian, apple, and watermelon. Therefore, it is important for us to get to know more about fruits so that we can take advantage of all the benefits that each fruit can offer. However, problems may arise where a person may know nothing about a particular fruit apart from only having an image of it. Most of the fruit encyclopedias nowadays still rely on text as search input. Furthermore, various features are commonly utilised for representation which can lead to high computational complexity. Therefore, to overcome these problems, a content-based texture-only fruits recognition that accepts an image as input instead of text is proposed. A framework which extracts five texture features (homogeneity, energy, entropy, correlation, and contrast) based on Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) descriptor is constructed. k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) is used at the classifier model to determine the type of fruits. The conducted empirical study has shown that the proposed work has the ability to effectively recognize fruit images with 100% accuracy

Deadzone-Quadratic Penalty Function for Predictive Extended Cruise Control with Experimental Validation

Battery Electric Vehicles have high potentials for the modern transportations, however, they are facing limited cruising range. To address this limitation, we present a semi-autonomous ecological driver assistance system to regulate the velocity with energy-efficient techniques. The main contribution of this paper is the design of a real-time nonlinear receding horizon optimal controller to plan the online cost-effective cruising velocity. Instead of conventional L2-norms, a deadzone-quadratic penalty function for the nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed. Obtained field experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for a semi-autonomous electric vehicle in terms of real-time energy-efficient velocity regulation and constraints satisfaction

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The Evolutionary Dynamics of a Rapidly Mutating Virus within and between Hosts: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus

Many pathogens associated with chronic infections evolve so rapidly that strains found late in an infection have little in common with the initial strain. This raises questions at different levels of analysis because rapid within-host evolution affects the course of an infection, but it can also affect the possibility for natural selection to act at the between-host level. We present a nested approach that incorporates within-host evolutionary dynamics of a rapidly mutating virus (hepatitis C virus) targeted by a cellular cross-reactive immune response, into an epidemiological perspective. The viral trait we follow is the replication rate of the strain initiating the infection. We find that, even for rapidly evolving viruses, the replication rate of the initial strain has a strong effect on the fitness of an infection. Moreover, infections caused by slowly replicating viruses have the highest infection fitness (i.e., lead to more secondary infections), but strains with higher replication rates tend to dominate within a host in the long-term. We also study the effect of cross-reactive immunity and viral mutation rate on infection life history traits. For instance, because of the stochastic nature of our approach, we can identify factors affecting the outcome of the infection (acute or chronic infections). Finally, we show that anti-viral treatments modify the value of the optimal initial replication rate and that the timing of the treatment administration can have public health consequences due to within-host evolution. Our results support the idea that natural selection can act on the replication rate of rapidly evolving viruses at the between-host level. It also provides a mechanistic description of within-host constraints, such as cross-reactive immunity, and shows how these constraints affect the infection fitness. This model raises questions that can be tested experimentally and underlines the necessity to consider the evolution of quantitative traits to understand the outcome and the fitness of an infection