Dokumentation über die Erhebungsinstrumente in der Längsschnittstudie Learning to Practice, Learning to Reflect? (LtP) zur Nutzung und Wirkung des Praxissemesters in der Lehrer*innenbildung

Die vorliegende Skalendokumentation beinhaltet die Erhebungsinstrumente und die entsprechenden statistische Angaben des Verbundprojektes Learning to Practice, Learning to Reflect? (LtP), das unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Johannes König, Prof. Dr. Martin Rothland und Prof. Dr. Niclas Schaper an den Universitäten Köln, Siegen und Paderborn durchgeführt wurde. Ziel des standortübergreifenden Verbundprojektes war die empirische Untersuchung der Nutzung und Wirkung des Praxissemesters in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurden die Studierenden der drei Standorte, die ihr Praxissemester im Sommersemester 2016 absolvierten, vor Antritt und nach Abschluss dieses Ausbildungsabschnittes umfassend befragt und getestet. So wurden im Längsschnitt 409 Studierende erreicht. Detaillierte Ergebnisdarstellungen finden sich in den einzelnen Kapiteln des Sammelbandes „Learning to Practice, Learning to Reflect?“ (König, Rothland & Schaper, 2018). Die vorliegende Darstellung der Erhebungsinstrumente gliedert sich anhand des zur Untersuchung des Praxissemesters herangezogenen Rahmenmodells in: demographische Angaben und Angaben zur Praxissemesterschule, individuelle Voraussetzungen, Angebot, Nutzung der Lerngelegenheiten, Lernprodukte und Output

Genomic correlates of glatiramer acetate adverse cardiovascular effects lead to a novel locus mediating coronary risk

Glatiramer acetate is used therapeutically in multiple sclerosis but also known for adverse effects including elevated coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular side effects of the medication are unclear. Here, we made use of the chromosomal variation in the genes that are known to be affected by glatiramer treatment. Focusing on genes and gene products reported by drug-gene interaction database to interact with glatiramer acetate we explored a large meta-analysis on CAD genome-wide association studies aiming firstly, to investigate whether variants in these genes also affect cardiovascular risk and secondly, to identify new CAD risk genes. We traced association signals in a 200-kb region around genomic positions of genes interacting with glatiramer in up to 60 801 CAD cases and 123 504 controls. We validated the identified association in additional 21 934 CAD cases and 76 087 controls. We identified three new CAD risk alleles within the TGFB1 region on chromosome 19 that independently affect CAD risk. The lead SNP rs12459996 was genome-wide significantly associated with CAD in the extended meta-analysis (odds ratio 1.09, p = 1.58×10-12). The other two SNPs at the locus were not in linkage disequilibrium with the lead SNP and by a conditional analysis showed p-values of 4.05 × 10-10 and 2.21 × 10-6. Thus, studying genes reported to interact with glatiramer acetate we identified genetic variants that concordantly with the drug increase the risk of CAD. Of these, TGFB1 displayed signal for association. Indeed, the gene has been associated with CAD previously in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Here we establish genome-wide significant association with CAD in large human samples.This work was supported by grants from the Fondation Leducq (CADgenomics: Understanding CAD Genes, 12CVD02), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the e:Med research and funding concept (e:AtheroSysMed, grant 01ZX1313A-2014 and SysInflame, grant 01ZX1306A), and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no HEALTH-F2-2013-601456 (CVgenes-at-target). Further grants were received from the DFG as part of the Sonderforschungsbereich CRC 1123 (B2). T.K. was supported by a DZHK Rotation Grant. I.B. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) cluster of excellence ‘Inflammation at Interfaces’. F.W.A. is supported by a Dekker scholarship-Junior Staff Member 2014T001 - Netherlands Heart Foundation and UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Reconnecting the CNS and PNS with Stem Cell Transplantation

Severe injury may result in disconnection between the peripheral and central nervous system. Regeneration of the central portion of sensory neurons into the spinal cord is notoriously poor in adult mammals, with low regenerative drive and an unpermissive central environment, most likely resulting in persistent loss of sensory function. A variety of strategies have been addressedto augment regeneration, including application of growth promoting factors, counteraction of inhibitory molecules, and provision of growth permissive substrates. Stem cells have been investigated in these contexts, as well as for the possibility of providing new neurons to act as a relay between the periphery and spinal cord. Here we have investigated different sources of neural stem cells for their ability to form neurons and glia after transplantation to the periphery; to project axons into the spinal cord; and to assist regeneration of surviving sensory neurons. These have been performed at two locations: the "dorsal root ganglion cavity", and the transitional zone following dorsal root avulsion. Neurons and glia were generated form mouse boundary cap neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors, and in addition to this, regeneration of sensory fibers was observed after transplantation of human fetal spinal cord derived progenitors and human embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors. Further, delivery of neurotrophic factor mimetics via mesoporous silica nanoparticles proved a valuable tool for stem cell survival and differentiation. While technological advances make in vivo differentiation a realistic goal, our findings indicate that so far assisting regeneration of host sensory fibers to reconnect with the spinal cord by transplantation of stem cells is a more reliable strategy

Reconnecting the CNS and PNS with Stem Cell Transplantation

Severe injury may result in disconnection between the peripheral and central nervous system. Regeneration of the central portion of sensory neurons into the spinal cord is notoriously poor in adult mammals, with low regenerative drive and an unpermissive central environment, most likely resulting in persistent loss of sensory function. A variety of strategies have been addressedto augment regeneration, including application of growth promoting factors, counteraction of inhibitory molecules, and provision of growth permissive substrates. Stem cells have been investigated in these contexts, as well as for the possibility of providing new neurons to act as a relay between the periphery and spinal cord. Here we have investigated different sources of neural stem cells for their ability to form neurons and glia after transplantation to the periphery; to project axons into the spinal cord; and to assist regeneration of surviving sensory neurons. These have been performed at two locations: the "dorsal root ganglion cavity", and the transitional zone following dorsal root avulsion. Neurons and glia were generated form mouse boundary cap neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors, and in addition to this, regeneration of sensory fibers was observed after transplantation of human fetal spinal cord derived progenitors and human embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors. Further, delivery of neurotrophic factor mimetics via mesoporous silica nanoparticles proved a valuable tool for stem cell survival and differentiation. While technological advances make in vivo differentiation a realistic goal, our findings indicate that so far assisting regeneration of host sensory fibers to reconnect with the spinal cord by transplantation of stem cells is a more reliable strategy

Reconnecting the CNS and PNS with Stem Cell Transplantation

Severe injury may result in disconnection between the peripheral and central nervous system. Regeneration of the central portion of sensory neurons into the spinal cord is notoriously poor in adult mammals, with low regenerative drive and an unpermissive central environment, most likely resulting in persistent loss of sensory function. A variety of strategies have been addressedto augment regeneration, including application of growth promoting factors, counteraction of inhibitory molecules, and provision of growth permissive substrates. Stem cells have been investigated in these contexts, as well as for the possibility of providing new neurons to act as a relay between the periphery and spinal cord. Here we have investigated different sources of neural stem cells for their ability to form neurons and glia after transplantation to the periphery; to project axons into the spinal cord; and to assist regeneration of surviving sensory neurons. These have been performed at two locations: the "dorsal root ganglion cavity", and the transitional zone following dorsal root avulsion. Neurons and glia were generated form mouse boundary cap neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors, and in addition to this, regeneration of sensory fibers was observed after transplantation of human fetal spinal cord derived progenitors and human embryonic stem cell derived ventral spinal cord progenitors. Further, delivery of neurotrophic factor mimetics via mesoporous silica nanoparticles proved a valuable tool for stem cell survival and differentiation. While technological advances make in vivo differentiation a realistic goal, our findings indicate that so far assisting regeneration of host sensory fibers to reconnect with the spinal cord by transplantation of stem cells is a more reliable strategy

Bildungswissenschaftliches Wissen und Kompetenzeinschätzungen von Studierenden im Praxissemester: Veränderungen und Zusammenhänge

Seifert A, Schaper N, König J. Bildungswissenschaftliches Wissen und Kompetenzeinschätzungen von Studierenden im Praxissemester: Veränderungen und Zusammenhänge. In: König J, Rothland M, Schaper N, eds. Learning to Practice, Learning to Reflect? Ergebnisse aus der Längsschnittstudie LtP zur Nutzung und Wirkung des Praxissemesters in der Lehrerbildung. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2018: 347

Die Veränderung von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und der Berufswahlsicherheit im Praxissemester. Empirische Befunde zur Bedeutung von Lerngelegenheiten und berufspezifischer Motivation der Lehramtsstudierenden

Seifert A, Schaper N. Die Veränderung von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und der Berufswahlsicherheit im Praxissemester. Empirische Befunde zur Bedeutung von Lerngelegenheiten und berufspezifischer Motivation der Lehramtsstudierenden. In: König J, Rothland M, Schaper N, eds. Learning to Practice, Learning to Reflect? Ergebnisse aus der Längsschnittstudie LtP zur Nutzung und Wirkung des Praxissemesters in der Lehrerbildung. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2018: 347

Learning opportunities in teacher education and proficiency levels in general pedagogical knowledge: new insights into the accountability of teacher education programs

This paper examines the effects of learning opportunities on the attainment of different proficiency levels in general pedagogical knowledge among student teachers to provide insights into their learning processes and the effectiveness of teacher preparation. The authors used a subsample of the EMW study with two time points, comprising the data of 1451 student teachers from 18 universities and teacher training colleges in Germany and Austria. Findings from logistic regression analyses show that measures of learning opportunities significantly affect the development of general pedagogical knowledge. Whereas instructional quality in seminars and lectures on pedagogy shows effects on achieving the lower levels representing theoretical knowledge components, teaching practice measures related to in-school learning opportunities additionally affects the attainment of the highest proficiency level representing practical knowledge components. Implications for the effectiveness of teacher preparation are discussed