Temperature Rises in the Pulp Chamber with Different Techniques of Orthodontic Adhesive Removal

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the temperature rises in the pulp chamber and time spent with different techniques for orthodontic resin adhesive removal. Methods and Materials: Adhesive removal was performed in 20 extracted human maxillary second premolars with five techniques: high-speed tungsten carbide burs with water-cooling (BurH-cool) and without cooling (BurH), low-speed carbide burs (BurL), low-speed aluminum-oxide discs (DiscL), and low-speed fiberglass burs (BurFGL). Pulp chamber temperature was measured with a thermocouple probe and time spent was recorded with a digital stopwatch. Comparisons of temperature rise and time between the techniques were performed with Analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly test. Correlation between variables was investigated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Temperature rise and time were statistically different between techniques and showed a positive correlation between them (r=0.826) (P<0.01). BurH-cool provoked the lowest temperature rise and BurFGL the highest (P<0.01). Temperature rises were higher with DiscL than with BurH and BurL (P<0.01), which showed no statistical differences between them (P>0.05). The fastest technique was BurH-cool followed by BurL, BurH, DiscL and BurFGL (P<0.01). Conclusion: BurH-cool, BurH and BurL are safe adhesive removal techniques, whereas DiscL and BurFGL may damage pulp tissues. Time spent on adhesive removal has direct effect on temperature rise in the pulp chamber.Keywords: Enamel Clean-Up; Pulp Chamber; Pulp Temperature; Temperature Ris

Phytochemical profile and biological activities of 'Ora-pro-nobis' leaves (Pereskia aculeata Miller), an underexploited superfood from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Pereskia aculeata Miller, known worldwide as ora-pro-nobis, is a highly nutritive species of the Cactaceae family from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In this work, we report inedited information on the phenolic profile of P. aculeata leaves, besides a broad study of their antioxidant potential using a set of five different methods. A total of ten phenolic compounds were identified, such as two phenolic acids (caffeic acid derivatives) and eight flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin glycoside derivatives). Caftaric acid was the extract’s major phenolic constituent, accounting for more than 49% of the phenolic content, followed by quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (14.99%) and isorhamnetin-O-pentoside-O-rutinoside (9.56%). Overall, the ora-pro-nobis leaf extract showed relevant values of antioxidant capacity, with higher activities than the Trolox in the DPPH and ABTS trials. The antimicrobial activity exhibited by the extract against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria suggests the presence of a broad spectrum of phytochemicals with antibiotic activity.J.A.A. Garcia thanks Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the financial support provided for her masters studies in the State University of Maringá. R.C.G. Corrêa thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologia (CNPq) for financing her postdoctoral research at State University of Maringá (Process number 167378/2017-1). R.M. Peralta (Project number 307944/2015-8) and A. Bracht (Project number 304090/2016-6) are CNPq research grant recipients. The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/ 00690/2019), L. Barros, R. C. Calhelha and C. Pereirás contracts; to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E; the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- 023289: DeCodE and project Mobilizador.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

OURO, EMPRESAS E GARIMPEIROS NA AMAZÔNIA: o caso emblemático de Serra Pelada

A elevação do preço do ouro, verificada nos anos 1980 e 2000, repercutiu nas estratégias de atuação de garimpeiros e de empresas mineradoras de maneira diferenciada na Amazônia em cada um destes momentos históricos. O artigo indica que as modificações nas estratégias destes agentes guardam relação direta com aexistência de mudanças de duas ordens: na conformação geológica dos depósitos explotados, e no ambiente político e institucional. A conjugação destes fatores colaboroupara que garimpeiros passassem a estabelecer associações com empresas mineradoras, e estas, por sua vez, passaram a evitar o confronto direto e a construiruma política mais favorável aos interesses e direitos dos garimpeiros. É neste contexto que o artigo discute o caso do garimpo de Serra Pelada como representativodestes novos padrões.Palavras-chave: Amazônia. Mineração. Ouro. Garimpagem.Serra Pelada.ABSTRACTThe high price of gold, for the 1980s and 2000s, reflected in the strategies of action of gold miners and mining companies differently in the Amazon in each of these historical moments. The article indicates that the changes in the strategies of these agents are directly relatedto the existence of changes of two kinds: the geologic conformation of exploited deposits and the political and institutional environment. The combination of these factors caused the gold miners to look for the ties with mining companies, and these, in turn, were avoiding directconfrontation and not routinely violate the interests and rights of gold miners. In this context, the article discusses the case of the Serra Pelada gold mining as representative of these new standards.Keywords: Amazon. Mining. Gold. Gold mining.Serra Pelad

Biochemical Aspects of a Serine Protease from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood) Seeds: A Potential Tool to Access the Mobilization of Seed Storage Proteins

Several proteins have been isolated from seeds of leguminous, but this is the first report that a protease was obtained from seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. This 61-kDa serine protease (CeSP) hydrolyses H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (Km 55.7 μM) in an optimum pH of 7.1, and this activity is effectively retained until 50°C. CeSP remained stable in the presence of kosmotropic anions (PO4 3−, SO4 2−, and CH3COO−) or chaotropic cations (K+ and Na+). It is strongly inhibited by TLCK, a serine protease inhibitor, but not by E-64, EDTA or pepstatin A. The characteristics of the purified enzyme allowed us to classify it as a serine protease. The role of CeSP in the seeds cannot be assigned yet but is possible to infer that it is involved in the mobilization of seed storage proteins

Survival and prognostic factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing overall survival (OS) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Medical charts of 547 patients with OSCC from a public hospital in northeastern Brazil seen between 1999 and 2013 were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The influence of age, sex, ethnicity, clinical stage, anatomical location, type of treatment, and comorbidities on the patients? prognosis was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The 5-year OS was 39%. Multivariate analysis showed that age < 40 years (HR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.02-4.72) and a single treatment modality (HR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.37-2.67) were associated with a poor prognosis, while early clinical stage resulted in better outcomes (HR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.25-0.58). OSCC patients in advanced clinical stages, diagnosed at a younger age, and submitted to a single therapeutic modality have a poorer prognosis

Paleoambiente Deposicional de Folhelhos da Formação Pimenteiras da Borda Oeste da Bacia do Parnaíba, NE - Brasil

Os folhelhos da Formação Pimenteiras depositados em ambiente marinho durante o Devoniano (Frasniano), são ricos em matéria orgânica e constituem a principal rocha geradora da Bacia do Parnaíba. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o paleoambiente deposicional da Formação Pimenteiras com base no estudo de Geoquímica Orgânica e Palinofácies. Foram coletadas 21 amostras de rocha em um afloramento próximo ao município de Aparecida do Rio Negro, na borda Oeste da Bacia, no estado de Tocantins, onde havia aspecto estratigráfico do contato entre as Formações Cabeças (Fameniano) e Pimenteiras (Frasniano). Os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) variaram de 0,21 a 2,43 % e os resultados da pirólise Rock Eval indicam querogênio predominantemente dos tipos II e III, potencial gerador de hidrocarbonetos (S2) variando de pobre a médio (0,41 - 6,13 mgHC/g rocha), baixa concentração de hidrocarbonetos livres (S1) e imaturidade térmica (Tmáx) para a geração de petróleo. O estudo de palinofácies permitiu identificar e quantificar os componentes particulados da matéria orgânica dos grupos dos palinomorfos, fitoclastos e matéria orgânica amorfa (MOA). Um número considerável de prasinófitas dos gêneros Pterospermella, Cymatiosphaera, Durvenaysphaera, Leiosphaeridia, Tasmanites, Hemiruptia e Maranhites foram identificadas, sugerindo as superfícies da inundação possivelmente da idade do Frasniano. Ao longo do afloramento as amostras apresentaram variação quantitativa de componentes orgânicos de origem terrestre, caracterizando regressões marinhas, e outras amostras, sugerindo transgressões marinhas, com o aumento de prasinófitas e acritarcas. A razão dos isótopos de carbono orgânico (δ13C: -25,9 a -29,5‰) e os biomarcadores saturados (esteranos regulares C27-C28-C29 e razão TPP/(TPP+DIA)), também sugerem uma alternância no “input” da matéria orgânica terrestre e marinha

Composição Química e Atividades Biológicas da Casca do Fruto da Palmeira Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius)

A polpa dos frutos de Juçara (Euterpes edulis Martius), uma árvore nativa da mata Atlântica, é amplamente consumida graças ao seu sabor e valor nutricional, gerando grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos (casca) que geralmente são descartados. Este trabalho, teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil fenólico e bioatividades da casca de Juçara. Um total de dezenove compostos fenólicos foram identificados, sendo dezessete compostos fenólicos não-antocianinas (dois ácidos fenólicos, quatro flavanonóis, seis flavonas e cinco flavonóis). A casca do fruto de E. edulis apresentou atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana e não apresentou hepatotoxicidade. Os resíduos da fruta Juçara podem ser utilizados para produzir aditivos alimentares de alto valor agregado, tanto corantes quanto conservantes, seguindo o conceito da bioeconomia circular.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CP Violation and Neutrino Oscillations

We review the basic mechanisms of neutrino mass generation and the corresponding structure of the lepton mixing matrix. We summarize the status of three-neutrino oscillation parameters as determined from current observations, using state-of-the-art solar and atmospheric neutrino fluxes, as well as latest experimental data as of September 2007. We also comment on recent attempts to account for these results and to understand flavour from first principles. We discuss extensively the prospects for probing the strength of CP violation in two near term accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments, T2K and NOvA, as well as possible extensions such as T2KK and a second large off-axis detector near the NOvA detector. We also briefly discuss the possibility of probing the effect of Majorana phases in future neutrinoless double beta decay searches and discuss other implications of leptonic CP violation such as leptogenesis. Finally we comment on the issue of robustness of the current oscillation interpretation and possible ways of probing for non-standard neutrino interactions in precision oscillation studies.Comment: 78 pages, 46 figures, minor misprint corrections, a few new references and an acknowledgement to a funding agency. Review to be published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phy

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Angónia District, Mozambique

Taenia solium is an important zoonosis in many developing countries. Cysticercosis poses a serious public health risk and incurs sizeable economic losses to pig production. Because data on the epidemiology of porcine cysticercosis in Mozambique are scarce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 11 villages in Angónia district, Tete province in northwestern Mozambique. Between September and November, 2007, a total of 661 pigs were tested serologically and examined by tongue inspection. Serum samples were tested for the presence of circulating parasite antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire survey to collect information on pig production, occurrence and transmission of porcine cysticercosis, risk factors and awareness of porcine cysticercosis was conducted in the selected households from which pigs were sampled. Two hundred thirty-one samples (34.9%) were found positive by the Ag-ELISA, while by tongue inspection on the same animals cysticerci were detected in 84 pigs (12.7%). Increasing age (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.13–2.37) and free-range pig husbandry system (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 2.08–7.06) were important risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in the district. The present findings indicate that porcine cysticercosis is endemic in the region, and that increasing pig age and pig husbandry practices contribute significantly to porcine cysticercosis transmission. Further epidemiological studies on the prevalence and transmission of porcine cysticercosis in rural communities in Mozambique are needed to enable collection of more baseline data and implementation of effective control strategies within the country