Fecal microbiota transplantation

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents the most promising free-antibiotic therapy in the management of patients with infection by Clostridium difficile, recurrent or refractory to treatment with antibiotics. FMT’s superiority over conventional treatment has been proven in multiple series of cases and recently in experimental prospective randomized clinical trials with a resolution of the infection in over 90% of patient

Apoptosis: el metotrexate y sus efectos como agente inductor

La finalidad del presente trabajo es describir los hallazgos morfológicos provocados por el efecto citotóxico del MTX sobre un cultivo celular, es decir, mediante técnicas de investigación “in vitro”.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Apoptosis: el metotrexate y sus efectos como agente inductor

La finalidad del presente trabajo es describir los hallazgos morfológicos provocados por el efecto citotóxico del MTX sobre un cultivo celular, es decir, mediante técnicas de investigación “in vitro”.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Development and validation of a Screening Questionnaire of Family Mistreatment against Older Adults for use in primary care settings in Mexico

The abuse of older adults is a serious public health issue that can be difficult to identify at the first level of care. Medical and nursing personnel are sometimes unable to identify older adults who suffer family mistreatment. This can occur when victims feel shame or as a result of cultural factors. In the light of this, healthcare personnel require a screening tool that can be used to identify signs of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for detecting the familial mistreatment of older adults in primary care settings. A mixed method cross‐sectional study was carried out in three phases between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico. The formative phase involved using a qualitative methodology to identify terms that older adults use to identify practices defined as forms of mistreatment. On this basis, the second phase involved the design of a screening tool through the formation of items in collaboration with a panel of experts. These items were tested on older adults to ensure their intelligibility. Finally, validity and reliability levels were evaluated through the application of the screening tool to a sample of older adults at a primary care facility and at a legal centre. These findings were discussed with gerontologists, and the data were analysed through an exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and Cronbach's alpha using STATA v13. From the results, we generated a screening tool that is culturally and socially tailored to older adults in Mexico. The tool has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, a sensitivity value of 86% (p < .05) and a specificity value of 90% (p < .05) for positive answers to the tool's 15 items. Applying this tool at the first level of care could limit damage to older adults’ health and could lower the frequency of emergency room use in hospitals.publishedVersio

Presencia de productos orgánicos en Twitter desde la perspectiva del análisis de redes sociales

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar cómo está estructurada la red de actores que hablan de productos orgánicos en Twitter y, a través de la identificación de actores clave, conocer la influencia que ejercen dentro de las redes; al hacerlo, desarrollamos ideas significativas que permitan a los usuarios de medios sociales mejorar su interacción y posición dentro de la red. Se buscaron y descargaron los datos de los términos #organico(a) y #organicos(as) por un periodo de seis meses. Para su procesamiento y estudio, se utilizó el enfoque teórico y metodológico del análisis de redes sociales (ARS). La red general se formó por 14,329 tweets únicos, publicados por 6,667 usuarios, configurando una red de 6,521 vínculos directos. Para entender con mayor detalle las interacciones, se segmentó la red con base en dos tipos de relaciones: (1) retweets y (2) menciones o respuestas, ambas redes mostraron estructuras diferentes. Se encontró que el conjunto de relaciones que estructuran la red social está asociado a productos, países y temas, así como a diversos actores clave. Además, la expresión de los orgánicos en Twitter sigue de cerca la visión general de considerarse benéficos para la salud y el medio ambiente.The objective of this research was to analyse how the network of actors talking about organic products on Twitter is structured and, through the identification of key players, to assess the influence they exert within the networks. Doing this, we develop meaningful ideas that allow social media users to improve their interaction and position on networks. The data of the terms #organico(a) and #organicos(as) were searched and downloaded for a six-month period. For its processing and study, the theoretical and methodological approach of social networks analysis (SNA) was used. The general network was formed by 14,329 unique tweets, published by 6,667 users, shaping a network with 6,521 direct links. To understand the interactions in greater detail, the network was segmented based on two types of relationships: (1) retweets and (2) mentions or replies to, both networks showed different structures. It was found that the set of relationships that structure the social network is associated with products, countries, and topics, as well as several key players. Furthermore, the expression of organic on Twitter closely follows the general vision of being considered beneficial for health as well as the environment.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como se estrutura a rede de atores que falam sobre produtos orgânicos no Twitter e, por meio da identificação dos atores-chave, conhecer a influência que eles exercem nas redes; Ao fazer isso, desenvolvemos ideias significativas que permitem aos usuários de mídia social melhorar sua interação e posição na rede. Os dados dos termos #organico (a) e #organicos (as) foram pesquisados ​​e baixados por um período de seis meses. Para seu processamento e estudo, utilizou-se a abordagem teórico-metodológica da análise de redes sociais (ARS). A rede geral foi composta por 14.329 tweets únicos, publicados por 6.667 usuários, perfazendo uma rede de 6.521 links diretos. Para compreender mais detalhadamente as interações, a rede foi segmentada com base em dois tipos de relacionamento: (1) retuítes e (2) menções ou respostas, ambas as redes apresentavam estruturas diferentes. Constatou-se que o conjunto de relações que estruturam a rede social está associado a produtos, países e temas, bem como a diversos atores-chave. Além disso, a expressão do orgânico no Twitter segue de perto a visão geral de ser considerado benéfico à saúde e ao meio ambiente

Lecciones de la promoción de proyectos caprinos a través del programa estratégico de seguridad alimentaria en Guerrero, México

The impact of goat projects promoted by the Strategic Food Security Program (Programa Estratégico para la Seguridad Alimentaria, PESA) in regions of high marginality in Guerrero, México, was analyzed. A survey was performed in 316 family production units out of a register of 2093 units supported during the 2007-2009 period. The information was gathered in January 2011, in average 20.6 months after having received the first subsidy for the purchase of breeding stock and infrastructure. Of the flocks, 48.9 % were still growing, 13.8 % were stable, 29.8 % were decreasing and only 7.5 % had disappeared. This apparent good performance is consequence of the PESA design, which guarantees support for three years for those who maintain the flocks, independently of their viability. However, the results show that subsidies did not increase the productive capacity, nor did they generate greater wealth or employment, since the net value of impacts (sales, personal consumption and capitalization, minus costs in feed and medicines) in the flocks that were growing was only 14.8 USD annually. It is recommended to promote small-scale livestock production only in regions with vocation for the activity and with producers who have a minimal supply of fodder resources and experience.Se analizó el impacto de los proyectos caprinos promovidos por el Programa Estratégico para la Seguridad Alimentaria (PESA) en regiones de alta marginalidad de Guerrero, México. Se realizó una encuesta en 316 unidades de producción familiar de un padrón de 2093 apoyadas en el periodo 2007-2009. La información se recabó en enero de 2011; en promedio 30.6 meses después de haber recibido el primer subsidio para la adquisición de pie de cría e infraestructura. De los rebaños, 48.9 % se mantenían creciendo, 13.8 % estables, 29.8 % decreciendo y sólo 7.5 % habían desaparecido. Este aparente buen desempeño es consecuencia del diseño del PESA, que garantiza apoyos durante tres años a quien mantenga los rebaños, ello con independencia de su viabilidad. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran que los subsidios no aumentaron la capacidad productiva, ni generaron mayor riqueza o empleos, ya que en los rebaños que estaban creciendo el valor neto de los impactos (ventas, autoconsumo y capitalización, menos costos en alimentos y medicinas) fue de apenas 14.8 USD anuales. Se recomienda promover la ganadería en pequeña escala sólo en regiones con vocación para la actividad y con productores que cuenten con una dotación mínima de recursos forrajeros y experiencia

BlackCAT: A catalogue of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray transients

During the last ~50 years, the population of black hole candidates in X-ray binaries has increased considerably with 59 Galactic objects detected in transient low-mass X-ray binaries, plus a few in persistent systems (including ~5 extragalactic binaries). We collect near-infrared, optical and X-ray information spread over hundreds of references in order to study the population of black holes in X-ray transients as a whole. We present the most updated catalogue of black hole transients, which contains X-ray, optical and near-infrared observations together with their astrometric and dynamical properties. It provides new useful information in both statistical and observational parameters providing a thorough and complete overview of the black hole population in the Milky Way. Analysing the distances and spatial distribution of the observed systems, we estimate a total population of ~1300 Galactic black hole transients. This means that we have already discovered less than ~5% of the total Galactic distribution. The complete version of this catalogue will be continuously updated online and in the Virtual Observatory, including finding charts and data in other wavelengths.Comment: http://www.astro.puc.cl/BlackCAT - Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 20 pages, 8 figures, 5 Table

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend