A bound on galactic mass loss rates obtaind from globular cluster dynamics

Using tidal disruption of globular clusters by the galactic center, we put limits on the total mass ever enclosed into orbits of observed globular clusters. Under the assumption that the rate of mass loss from the Galaxy is steady, we then deduce a bound on this rate. In particular this bound can be used to constrain the galactic gravitational wave luminosity.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, replaced with the version accepted for publication: New title, ref. adde

Matched filter for multi-transducers resonant GW antennas

We analyze two kinds of matched filters for data output of a spherical resonant GW detector. In order to filter the data of a real sphere, a strategy is proposed, firstly using an omnidirectional in-line filter, which is supposed to select periodograms with excitations, secondly by performing a directional filter on such selected periodograms, finding the wave arrival time, direction and polarization. We point out that, as the analytical simplifications occurring in the ideal 6 transducers TIGA sphere do not hold for a real sphere, using a 5 transducers configuration could be a more convenient choice.Comment: 15 pages and 4 figures, version accepted for publication in PR

Cosmic String Loops, Large and Small

We extend our earlier model of the small scale structure of cosmic string networks through an improved treatment of the separation of long and short scales. We find that the production of small loops (at the gravitational radiation scale) is a robust feature of string networks, in addition to a population of loops near the horizon scale. We obtain quantitative agreement with the scaling of loop production functions as found in simulations by two groups.Comment: 13 pages, 3 jpg figures. v2: reference moved, note adde

A Population of Massive Globular Clusters in NGC 5128

We present velocity dispersion measurements of 14 globular clusters in NGC 5128 (Centarus A) obtained with the MIKE echelle spectrograph on the 6.5m Magellan Clay telescope. These clusters are among the most luminous globular clusters in NGC 5128 and have velocity dispersions comparable to the most massive clusters known in the Local Group, ranging from 10 - 30 km/s. We describe in detail our cross-correlation measurements, as well as simulations to quantify the uncertainties. These 14 globular clusters are the brightest NGC 5128 globular clusters with surface photometry and structural parameters measured from the Hubble Space Telescope. We have used these measurements to derive masses and mass-to-light ratios for all of these clusters and establish that the fundamental plane relations for globular clusters extend to an order of magnitude higher mass than in the Local Group. The mean mass-to-light ratio for the NGC 5128 clusters is ~3+/-1, higher than measurements for all but the most massive Local Group clusters. These massive clusters begin to bridge the mass gap between the most massive star clusters and the lowest-mass galaxies. We find that the properties of NGC 5128 globular clusters overlap quite well with the central properties of nucleated dwarf galaxies and ultracompact dwarf galaxies. As six of these clusters also show evidence for extratidal light, we hypothesize that at least some of these massive clusters are the nuclei of tidally stripped dwarfs.Comment: ApJ Accepted, 15 pages, 9 figures, uses emulateapj.st

Do Globular Clusters Harbor Black Holes?

It has been firmly established that there exists a tight correlation between the central black hole mass and velocity dispersion (or luminosity) of elliptical galaxies, ``pseudobulges'' and bulges of galaxies, although the nature of this correlation still remains unclear. In this letter, we explore the possibility of extrapolating such a correlation to less massive, spherical systems like globular clusters. In particular, motivated by the apparent success in globular cluster M15, we present an estimate of the central black hole mass for a number of globular clusters with available velocity dispersion in the literature.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in CJA

ASTErIsM - Application of topometric clustering algorithms in automatic galaxy detection and classification

We present a study on galaxy detection and shape classification using topometric clustering algorithms. We first use the DBSCAN algorithm to extract, from CCD frames, groups of adjacent pixels with significant fluxes and we then apply the DENCLUE algorithm to separate the contributions of overlapping sources. The DENCLUE separation is based on the localization of pattern of local maxima, through an iterative algorithm which associates each pixel to the closest local maximum. Our main classification goal is to take apart elliptical from spiral galaxies. We introduce new sets of features derived from the computation of geometrical invariant moments of the pixel group shape and from the statistics of the spatial distribution of the DENCLUE local maxima patterns. Ellipticals are characterized by a single group of local maxima, related to the galaxy core, while spiral galaxies have additional ones related to segments of spiral arms. We use two different supervised ensemble classification algorithms, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. Using a sample of ~ 24000 galaxies taken from the Galaxy Zoo 2 main sample with spectroscopic redshifts, and we test our classification against the Galaxy Zoo 2 catalog. We find that features extracted from our pipeline give on average an accuracy of ~ 93%, when testing on a test set with a size of 20% of our full data set, with features deriving from the angular distribution of density attractor ranking at the top of the discrimination power.Comment: 20 pages, 13 Figures, 8 Tables, Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Le label "fairtrade international" pourrait-il résoudre les problèmes sociaux relatifs à la chaîne d'approvisionnement de l'industrie textile ?

La mondialisation, au coeur de nombreux débats depuis une trentaine d’années, est porteuse de nouveaux enjeux éthiques, par sa création d’un espace mondial interdépendant. Entraînées par la course vers les prix les plus bas, les entreprises ont profité du contexte économique globalisé pour modifier leur mode de production, faisant désormais appel à la sous-traitance. Le présent travail porte sur l’industrie du textile-habillement qui est particulièrement touchée par les multiples délocalisations de la production des grandes marques, par le fait que celle-ci ne requiert pas de compétences spécifiques. Ces dernières ont alors bénéficié de la main-d’oeuvre bon marché des pays en voie de développement et sont parvenues à imposer un modèle d’affaires, considéré comme profondément inégalitaire. Cette étude vise, dans un premier temps, à comprendre les caractéristiques du modèle d’affaires inhérent à cette industrie ainsi qu’à en identifier les enjeux sociaux et éthiques qui sont apparus à la suite du changement de configuration du mode de production des entreprises de l’habillement. De cette analyse découle la responsabilité incombée aux parties prenantes impliquées dans le secteur et leur pouvoir d’action pour que la situation actuelle évolue. L’analyse met également en évidence les différentes mesures qui ont déjà été mises en place par les divers acteurs présents dans cette industrie. Elle se termine par la mise en évidence des points positifs et négatifs des exigences du label textile, élaboré par le labellisateur Fairtrade International, concernant les enjeux sociaux préalablement identifiés. La dernière partie du travail propose six recommandations concrètes pour les entreprises de l’habillement ainsi que deux moyens d’action pour les différentes parties prenantes qui soutiennent la stratégie énoncée dans les recommandations. La conclusion de ce travail clôt cette partie

Periodic Gravitational Waves From Small Cosmic String Loops

We consider a population of small, high-velocity cosmic string loops. We assume the typical length of these loops is determined by the gravitational radiation scale and use the results of \cite{Polchinski:2007rg} which pointed out their highly relativistic nature. A study of the gravitational wave emission from such a population is carried out. The large Lorentz boost involved causes the lowest harmonics of the loops to fall within the frequency band of the LIGO detector. Due to this feature the gravitational waves emitted by such loops can be detected in a periodic search rather than in burst or stochastic analysis. It is shown that, for interesting values of the string tension (10^{-10}\lsim G\mu\lsim 10^{-8}) the detector can observe loops at reasonably high redshifts and that detection is, in principle, possible. We compute the number of expected observations produced by such a process. For a 10 hour search we find that this number is of order $O(10^{-4})$. This is a consequence of the low effective number density of the loops traveling along the line of sight. However, small probabilities of reconnection and longer observation times can improve the result.Comment: 1+15 pages, 7 figure