Combustion engine active exhaust muffler.

PedmÄtem t©to prce jsou aktivn­ tlumiÄe vfuku spalovac­ho motoru. Prce je zamÄena na popis funkce takovch to tlumiÄ a na jednotliv technick proveden­ vÄetnÄ syst©m, velice se bl­­c­ch tÄm aktivn­m. Dle prce popisuje pouit­ obdobnch syst©m u motocykl a to jak s motorem Ätytaktn­m, tak s motorem dvoutaktn­m.The object of this thesis are the active exhaust mufflers of internal combustion engines. This thesis is specialized on function description such a mufflers and on a technical design, including systems, which are very similar to those active systems. Further work describe the using analogous systems at motorcycles and it how with four stroke engines so with two stroke engines.

Interface Optimization of Welded Fuel Accumulator of Common Rail System

Tato Diplomová práce je zaměřena do oblasti vstřikovacích systémů pro vznětové motory. Úkolem práce bylo vypracovat nový konstrukční návrh vysokotlakého rozhraní u svařovaného palivového zásobníku Rail, který by snášel tlaky 2000 barů a vyšší, a jenž by byl vhodný i k sériové výrobě. Práce zahrnuje popis dieselových systémů vyráběných firmou Bosch, vypracování konstrukčního návrhu v programu ProEngineer a vypracování napjatostních analýz specifických součástí v programu Ansys. Celá práce byla vypracována ve spolupráci s vývojovým oddělením firmy Bosch Diesel.This master’s thesis is aimed to sphere of injection system for diesel engines. The main task of thesis was to invent new concept for high pressure interface of laser welded fuel accumulator, that would able to endure pressure 2000 bars and higher. Also, it would be applicable to serial production. Thesis includes description of diesel system by Bosch, making of design proposals in ProEngineer program and making of stress analyses for some particular elements in Ansys. Whole the work was passed in conjunction with Bosch Diesel development department.

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Project the changing operate distribution system 110 kV

katedra elektroenergetik

Combustion engine active exhaust muffler.

The object of this thesis are the active exhaust mufflers of internal combustion engines. This thesis is specialized on function description such a mufflers and on a technical design, including systems, which are very similar to those active systems. Further work describe the using analogous systems at motorcycles and it how with four stroke engines so with two stroke engines

Interface Optimization of Welded Fuel Accumulator of Common Rail System

Tato Diplomová práce je zaměřena do oblasti vstřikovacích systémů pro vznětové motory. Úkolem práce bylo vypracovat nový konstrukční návrh vysokotlakého rozhraní u svařovaného palivového zásobníku Rail, který by snášel tlaky 2000 barů a vyšší, a jenž by byl vhodný i k sériové výrobě. Práce zahrnuje popis dieselových systémů vyráběných firmou Bosch, vypracování konstrukčního návrhu v programu ProEngineer a vypracování napjatostních analýz specifických součástí v programu Ansys. Celá práce byla vypracována ve spolupráci s vývojovým oddělením firmy Bosch Diesel.This master’s thesis is aimed to sphere of injection system for diesel engines. The main task of thesis was to invent new concept for high pressure interface of laser welded fuel accumulator, that would able to endure pressure 2000 bars and higher. Also, it would be applicable to serial production. Thesis includes description of diesel system by Bosch, making of design proposals in ProEngineer program and making of stress analyses for some particular elements in Ansys. Whole the work was passed in conjunction with Bosch Diesel development department.

Combustion engine active exhaust muffler.

Předmětem této práce jsou aktivní tlumiče výfuku spalovacího motoru. Práce je zaměřena na popis funkce takových to tlumičů a na jednotlivá technická provedení včetně systémů, velice se blížících těm aktivním. Dále práce popisuje použití obdobných systémů u motocyklů a to jak s motorem čtyřtaktním, tak s motorem dvoutaktním.The object of this thesis are the active exhaust mufflers of internal combustion engines. This thesis is specialized on function description such a mufflers and on a technical design, including systems, which are very similar to those active systems. Further work describe the using analogous systems at motorcycles and it how with four stroke engines so with two stroke engines.

Oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgery : a prospective observational study of surgical site infection and microbial analysis

PURPOSE: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common in colorectal surgery. Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) in conjunction with oral antibiotics (OABs) have been shown to reduce SSI rates. It however is still unclear which OABs to use, and how this can be implemented in practice. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study carried out in Swansea Bay University Health Board during 2019-2021, evaluating the introduction of OABs in a stepwise manner on the incidence of SSI in major colorectal surgery. A control group having MBP only was compared to two OAB groups: one group had MBP plus metronidazole only and the second MBP plus metronidazole and neomycin. A 30-day follow-up after surgery was ascertained via chart review and telephone contact. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relation between OAB use and SSI, with adjustment for confounding. In a subset of patients, faecal samples were analysed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing before and after OAB treatment, depicting the impact of the gut microbiome. RESULTS: In total 160 patients were analysed: 46 patients had MBP only, whilst 76 patients had MBP plus metronidazole only and 38 patients had MBP with metronidazole/neomycin. The SSI rate in the entire cohort was 33.8%, whilst the adjusted ORs for the single- and dual-OAB groups were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.17-1.81) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.17-1.52). The microbial analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance for many bacterial genera was changed before and after OAB treatment, but no link with SSI development could be shown. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of OABs in conjunction with MBP in colorectal surgery is feasible, and may potentially lead to lower rates of SSI, as well as altering the community structure of the faecal microbiome. More research is needed, especially considering different OABs and mechanistic studies of the gut microbiome in the context of colorectal surgery