46 research outputs found

    Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative markers in twins concordant and discordant for psychotic disorders

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    International audienceThe jacket type offshore wind turbine transfers efficiently the horizontal load applied on the wind turbine to an axial load on the four piles of its foundation. The axial behaviour of one single pile of the foundation is investigated in a geotechnical centrifuge. The model pile, tested under a 100 g centrifuge acceleration, is designed to represent a cast-in-place pile with a 1.8 m diameter and a 40 m embedded length. The pile, installed in dense Fontainebleau sand, is instrumented with a load sensor at its end to measure the tip resistance. By subtracting the total load applied on the pile, its shaft capacity is also calculated. Different axial loading paths are applied: i) monotonic loadings in compression and tension to obtain ultimate capacities and ii) cyclic loadings which represent a more realistic loading path applied by the jacket during its life time in order to observe the tip and shaft capacities reductions

    A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

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    Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity

    A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

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    Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe

    Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

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    Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies

    LGBTQ & Gender Identity in Teaching material : A Qualitative Content Analysis on the Representation of LGBTQ People and Gender Identity in Teaching Material for Social Studies in Upper Secondary School.

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    Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom en innehÄllsanalys ta reda pÄ hur lÀroböcker i samhÀllskunskap framstÀller HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet. I uppsatsen beskrivs en bakgrund till bÄde genusteori och queerteori för att kunna fÄ en förstÄelse för de teoretiska begreppen som ligger till grund för uppsatsen. Kodschemat i uppsatsen Àr konstruerat utifrÄn olika teoretiska begrepp. Denna uppsats ger en bakgrund till tidigare forskning inom omrÄdet och materialet som studien genomförs pÄ Àr totalt sex lÀroböcker i olika kurser för samhÀllskunskap pÄ gymnasiet. Resultatet av analysen visar att HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet framstÀlls olika i lÀroböckerna och genom fyra identifierade teman. Dessa teman Àr sexualitet och kÀrlek, lagstiftning och rÀttigheter, kön och könstillhörighet samt HBTQ som paraplybegrepp.  Resultatet visar att lÀroböckerna har ett heteronormativt perspektiv samt innehÄllet fÄ normkritiska reflektioner. Resultatet visar Àven att i nÄgra lÀroböcker framstÀlls inte HBTQ-personer eller könsidentitet alls. Resultatet visar Àven att lÀroböckerna inte definierar begreppen och att det i vissa fall inte stÀmmer överens med de vetenskapliga teoretiska begreppen. Uppsatsens resultat indikerar pÄ konsekvenser för bÄde lÀrare och elever. En avsaknad av HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet i lÀroböcker kan fÄ konsekvenser för elevers utbildning. Slutsatsen Àr att lÀrare kan behöva komplettera lÀroböckerna i sin undervisning och ta ansvar för att ha kunskap om HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet för att inkludera och genomföra normkritiska reflektioner i sin undervisning. Förslag pÄ vidare forskning kan vara att intervjua bokförlag om processen och innehÄllet i lÀroböckerna.

    LGBTQ & Gender Identity in Teaching material : A Qualitative Content Analysis on the Representation of LGBTQ People and Gender Identity in Teaching Material for Social Studies in Upper Secondary School.

    No full text
    Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom en innehÄllsanalys ta reda pÄ hur lÀroböcker i samhÀllskunskap framstÀller HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet. I uppsatsen beskrivs en bakgrund till bÄde genusteori och queerteori för att kunna fÄ en förstÄelse för de teoretiska begreppen som ligger till grund för uppsatsen. Kodschemat i uppsatsen Àr konstruerat utifrÄn olika teoretiska begrepp. Denna uppsats ger en bakgrund till tidigare forskning inom omrÄdet och materialet som studien genomförs pÄ Àr totalt sex lÀroböcker i olika kurser för samhÀllskunskap pÄ gymnasiet. Resultatet av analysen visar att HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet framstÀlls olika i lÀroböckerna och genom fyra identifierade teman. Dessa teman Àr sexualitet och kÀrlek, lagstiftning och rÀttigheter, kön och könstillhörighet samt HBTQ som paraplybegrepp.  Resultatet visar att lÀroböckerna har ett heteronormativt perspektiv samt innehÄllet fÄ normkritiska reflektioner. Resultatet visar Àven att i nÄgra lÀroböcker framstÀlls inte HBTQ-personer eller könsidentitet alls. Resultatet visar Àven att lÀroböckerna inte definierar begreppen och att det i vissa fall inte stÀmmer överens med de vetenskapliga teoretiska begreppen. Uppsatsens resultat indikerar pÄ konsekvenser för bÄde lÀrare och elever. En avsaknad av HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet i lÀroböcker kan fÄ konsekvenser för elevers utbildning. Slutsatsen Àr att lÀrare kan behöva komplettera lÀroböckerna i sin undervisning och ta ansvar för att ha kunskap om HBTQ-personer och könsidentitet för att inkludera och genomföra normkritiska reflektioner i sin undervisning. Förslag pÄ vidare forskning kan vara att intervjua bokförlag om processen och innehÄllet i lÀroböckerna.

    ”You have to work in other ways to keep to the curriculum” : A study about oral communication during English classes

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    This degree project aims to yield new knowledge about oral communication in English classes by investigating whether and to what extent students are given opportunities to develop their communicative abilities. A socio-cultural and pragmatic perspective was adopted and previous research was thoroughly examined. The study rests on the scientific approaches hermeneutics and phenomenography, which also influenced the methods used to collect data, that is, interviews and observations. This study includes four informants who are teachers in years 3–6. These teachers were interviewed and observed during one English class each, which means that their respective groups of students also participated in the study. The results show that English was the language used most frequently in the observed classrooms. The teachers in the study describe problems with using English Only in their classrooms as the students are on different levels of English proficiency. Furthermore, the results show that collegial cooperation is necessary if an expanded and comprehensive view of English teaching in years 1–6 is to be achieved. Finally, the participating teachers expressed a need to develop their own knowledge in teaching English in order to meet the requirements of communicative language teaching expressed in the curriculum.Mitt arbete syftar till att bidra med ny kunskap om muntlig kommunikation under engelsklektioner genom att undersöka huruvida elever ges möjlighet till att utveckla sina kommunikativa förmĂ„gor. Genom ett sociokulturellt och pragmatiskt teoretiskt perspektiv samt en genomlysning av tidigare forskning som rör Ă€mnet söker jag förstĂ„else för hur muntlig kommunikation ter sig i engelskundervisningen. Vetenskapliga förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt som studien har utgĂ„tt frĂ„n Ă€r hermeneutik och fenomenografi, vilka Ă€ven pĂ„verkade studiens datainsamlingsmetoder nĂ€mligen intervjuer och observationer. De fyra informanter som deltog i studien Ă€r verksamma lĂ€rare i Ă„rskurserna 3-6. Dessa lĂ€rare intervjuades samt observerades under en lektion vardera, sĂ„ledes deltog Ă€ven informanternas klasser i observationerna. Resultaten visar att muntlig engelska fĂ„r stor plats i de observerade klassrummen. LĂ€rarna som deltog i studien beskriver en problematik dĂ€r en undervisning som huvudsakligen sker pĂ„ mĂ„lsprĂ„ket (English Only) inte fungerar nĂ€r eleverna Ă€r pĂ„ sĂ„ mĂ„nga olika nivĂ„er. Vidare visar resultaten att ett kollegialt samarbete anses nödvĂ€ndigt, dels för att kunna utveckla och strukturera engelskĂ€mnet bĂ€ttre, dels för att skapa en helhetssyn över Ă„rskurserna 1–6. Slutligen uttrycker lĂ€rarna i studien ett behov av kompetensutveckling dĂ€r de önskar fĂ„ tillgĂ„ng till verktyg för att kunna undervisa i linje med kursplanens kommunikativa inriktning och funktionella sprĂ„ksyn

    Unifocal Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: Tumor Size Concordance Between Preoperative Ultrasound Imaging and Postoperative Pathology

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    BACKGROUND: We systematically analyzed the extent of disease in unifocal invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) using ultrasonography, with the histopathologic findings as the reference standard. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present single-institution retrospective study, 128 cases of ILC were identified during a 5-year period. After exclusions, the analyzed cohort included 66 cases. Ultrasound measurements of the tumor extent along 3 axes were obtained. The tumor size was determined as the largest extent among the 3 axes and the tumor volume by ellipsoidal approximation. Pathology review provided the tumor size and volume. Correlation and regression analyses of tumor size and volume from the ultrasound and pathologic examinations were performed. The tumor stage from the ultrasound and pathologic examinations were used for the concordance analyses. RESULTS: The median and quartiles (Q1, Q3) of tumor size from ultrasonography and pathology were 12.5 mm (Q1, 9 mm; Q3, 19 mm) and 17 mm (Q1, 12 mm; Q3, 25 mm), respectively. The corresponding data for tumor volume were 0.52 cm(3) (Q1, 0.18 cm(3); Q3, 1.92 cm(3)) and 1.04 cm(3) (Q1, 0.45 cm(3); Q3, 2.49 cm(3)). The ultrasound measurements correlated with the pathology-reported tumor size (Spearman rho = 0.678; P \u3c .0001) and volume (Spearman rho = 0.699; P \u3c .0001). The ultrasound-measured size and volume differed from the pathology-reported size and volume (P \u3c .0001; Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Concordance between the clinical tumor size stage from ultrasound (cT) and pathology tumor size stage (pT) varied with the pT stage (P = .0003, Fisher\u27s exact test), with the greatest concordance rate of 95.7% (95% confidence limit, 85.2%-99.5%) observed for pT1 tumors. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography underestimates the tumor size and volume, with the underestimation increasing for larger tumors. Hence, the concordance rate in tumor size stage between ultrasonography and pathology is tumor size dependent, with the greatest concordance rate observed for pT1 tumors

    Breast: Sezary Syndrome: A Unique Presentation

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    Sezary syndrome is a subtype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma which usually presents as generalized skin disease with erytheroderma. Distal organ involvement is rare and is usually a late finding in the course of the disease. Breast involvement is extremely rare. Herein, we present a case report of a patient whose initial presentation involved an intramammary lymph node prior to the onset of more characteristic skin disease. Sezary syndrome was confirmed by cythopathologic findings
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