Spinoza and Enlightened Pleasures

Spinoza recognizes that worldly pleasures are not contrary to the life of the philosophical sage, but such pursuits must be carefully directed. He distinguishes between a joy that affects only some parts of the body (titillatio) and joy that extends through the body as a whole (hilaritas or cheerfulness ). Titillation can be excessive, since it can blind us to our other needs. But cheerfulness cannot be excessive, since the whole body is improved at once. In his account of cheerfulness, Spinoza can be understood to be describing the life of a liefhebber, which is the Dutch term for a connoisseur, or an enlightened and discriminating consumer of worldly pleasures. It is a strikingly appropriate discussion given his own historical context, in which the Dutch culture found itself suddenly in possession of delights from around the world. This paper will explore Spinoza\u27s account of pleasure and cheerfulness in its context, with reference to other authors who were wrestling with the problem of finding the appropriate place for worldly pleasures in a culture of broadly Calvinist sympathies

Index of Contributors to Crucible Magazine, 1932-1943

Crucible was a Canadian literary magazine that ran from March 1932 to April-May 1943. Crucible has been largely left out of historical surveys of Canadian little magazines, and turning our attention to Crucible now can provide us with an alternative perspective on Canadian culture through the 1930s and 1940s. Further, we cannot overlook the fact that Crucible was edited by two women: Hilda and Laura Ridley. As Dean Irvine points out in Editing Modernity: Women and Little-Magazine Cultures in Canada, 1916-1956, Hilda Ridley “should now be recognized (albeit belatedly) as one of the first woman editors of a modern literary magazine in Canada” (206). The Ridley sisters were pioneers not only for their own efforts as editors, writers, and marketers but they were also champions of poetry authored by women. To continue overlooking Crucible is to ignore a significant repository of Canadian women’s voices echoing throughout this time period.    This index is arranged by contributor. Works attached to known pseudonyms or initials are grouped together beneath the most complete name and spelling inconsistencies (such as Today versus To-day) have also been left as they originally appeared

On χ−\chi-slice pretzel links

A link is called $\chi-$slice if it bounds a smooth properly embedded surface in the 4-ball with no closed components and Euler characteristic 1. If a link has a single component, then it is $\chi-$slice if and only if it is slice. One motivation for studying such links is that the double cover of the 3-sphere branched along a nonzero determinant $\chi-$slice link is a rational homology 3-sphere that bounds a rational homology 4-ball. This article aims to generalize known results about the sliceness of pretzel knots to the $\chi-$sliceness of pretzel links. In particular, we completely classify positive and negative pretzel links that are $\chi-$slice, and obtain partial classifications of 3-stranded and 4-stranded pretzel links that are $\chi-$slice. As a consequence, we obtain infinite families of Seifert fiber spaces that bound rational homology 4-balls

Weight‐Loss Strategies of Young Adults: Exercise Versus Dieting

This cross‐sectional survey study examined weight control practices of 2,092 male and 1,748 female freshman students aged 18 years. For women, the desire for weight loss was observed at all levels of body weight. Most women (79%) wished to weigh less than their current weight, and 23% were following a restricted‐calorie diet. In contrast, more men wished to gain (46%) rather than lose weight (32%), and only 3% were dieting at the time of the study. A comparison of weight control practices of men and women who wished to lose weight showed that women restricted calories far more frequently than did men. In contrast, although men were more likely to use exercise for weight control than were women, the differences between the sexes were small. A combined analysis of dieting and exercise behaviors showed that while men relied almost exclusively on intensive exercise as opposed to dieting, women employed exercise as well as dieting for the purpose of weight control.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93744/1/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00105.x.pd

No. 4 - Agriculture and the WTO: Subsidies in the Cross Hairs

September 2003 saw trade talks pursuing the Doha Development Agenda at the Cancún WTO Ministerial Meeting collapse, primarily over the disagreements between rich and developing countries regarding agriculture. Despite the great pessimism that ensued, on August 1, 2004, WTO negotiators from 147 countries announced a breakthrough in negotiations to liberalize trade in agricultural products. The most striking aspect of this new framework agreement is the proposed elimination of agricultural subsidies by rich countries in return for developing countries opening up their markets to more imports. At the same time, WTO dispute resolution panels have delivered stunning decisions against the U.S. cotton subsidy program and the European Union\u27s sugar subsidies. Clearly agriculture trade policy will be a pivotal issue determining the failure or success of the Doha round. This conference featured noted experts from senior levels of government, the private sector, and the legal profession addressing current developments in multilateral negotiations and the WTO cases on agriculture and analyzing their impact on the future of the world agricultural market. It was presented on November 16, 2004, at the University of Georgia School of Law by the Dean Rusk Center–International, Comparative, and Graduate Legal Studies and the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Introduction: Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century France

The lasting effects of the debate over canon-formation during the 1980s affected the whole field of Humanities, which became increasingly engaged in interrogating the origin and function of the Western canon (Gorak 1991; Searle 1990). In philosophy, a great deal of criticism was, as a result, directed at the traditional narrative of seventeenth-and eighteenth-century philosophies—a critique informed by postcolonialism (Park 2013) as well as feminist historiography (Shapiro 2016). D. F. Norton (1981), L. Loeb (1981) and many others1 attempted to demonstrate the weaknesses of the tripartite division between rationalism, empiricism and critical philosophy.2 As time went on, symptoms of dissatisfaction with what has been called the “standard narrative” ( Vanzo 2013) and the “epistemological par-adigm” (Haakonssen 2004, 2006) only increased. Indeed, at present, a consensus has been reached that the narrative of the antagonism between “Continental rationalism” and “British empiricism”, and the consequent Aufhebung provided by “German critical philosophy,” has been unable to make sense of the complexity, variety and dynamics of early modern.Fil: Antoine-Mahut, Delphine. Ecole Normale Supérieure; FranciaFil: Manzo, Silvia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin