90 research outputs found
The âNarrativesâ fMRI dataset for evaluating models of naturalistic language comprehension
The âNarrativesâ collection aggregates a variety of functional MRI datasets collected while human subjects listened to naturalistic spoken stories. The current release includes 345 subjects, 891 functional scans, and 27 diverse stories of varying duration totaling ~4.6 hours of unique stimuli (~43,000 words). This data collection is well-suited for naturalistic neuroimaging analysis, and is intended to serve as a benchmark for models of language and narrative comprehension. We provide standardized MRI data accompanied by rich metadata, preprocessed versions of the data ready for immediate use, and the spoken story stimuli with time-stamped phoneme- and word-level transcripts. All code and data are publicly available with full provenance in keeping with current best practices in transparent and reproducible neuroimaging
Voluntary corporate social responsibility reporting: a study of early and late reporter motivations and outcomes
Neo-institutional logics for the early adoption of innovations are often argued as more authentic than for late adopters. To what extent might this be so in relation to corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR)? We specifically focus on neo-institutionalist perspectives with an emphasis on isomorphism (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) to illustrate alternative motivations, and verify our hypotheses using a mixed methods approach (survey data and field evidence from five organizations). We find that the rationale for early reporters entails a financial pragmatism that is absent in current debates surrounding corporate social responsibility (CSR). We also show that normative and coercive isomorphism interplay among early adopters to drive their adoption decision over time, and these facilitate the generation of different strategic postures to placate key external stakeholders. This contrasts with prior studies that have mainly argued for mimetic and normative isomorphism to dominate the decision to implement CSRR amongst adopters. Finally, we argue that late reporters choose not to engage earlier as (ironically) their strategic proximity to the phenomena being reported is intrinsically close, meaning most internal and external stakeholders assume the proper functioning of the phenomena being reported, and therefore do not demand it. This rationale for mimetic isomorphism is unique and its narrative more positive than that normally ascribed to it in the prior literature. Firms are subsequently less inclined to opportunistically validate or signal their sustainability ethos using formal reporting systems, and only do so superficially to engage in practice
Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history
The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we first generate a de novo genome assembly of the black rat. We then sequence 67 ancient and three modern black rat mitogenomes, and 36 ancient and three modern nuclear genomes from archaeological sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of our newly reported sequences, together with published mitochondrial DNA sequences, confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.Peer reviewe
Speech Communication
Contains table of contents for Part V, table of contents for Section 1, reports on six research projects and a list of publications.C.J. Lebel FellowshipDennis Klatt Memorial FundNational Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC00075National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC01291National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC01925National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC02125National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC02978National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC03007National Institutes of Health Grant R29-DC02525National Institutes of Health Grant F32-DC00194National Institutes of Health Grant F32-DC00205National Institutes of Health Grant T32-DC00038National Science Foundation Grant IRI 89-05249National Science Foundation Grant IRI 93-14967National Science Foundation Grant INT 94-2114
Functional outcomes and rehabilitation strategies in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer: a systematic review
En studie om by ggbolagens tankar kring markförvĂ€rv för bostadsbyggande â En jĂ€mförelse mellan smĂ„, medelstora och stora byggbolag
The private companies are to a large extent accountable for the residential construction. Plan monopoly means however that it is the municipality that determine land use. This can lead to uncertainty among the companies, which could mean inertia in the development of housing. Furthermore is this problematic because there already is a shortage of housing in Sweden. This thesis aims to explain companiesâ thoughts when choosing land to purchase based on current zoning plan and ownership. Representatives from different companies were interviewed in order to clarify their thoughts. When investigating ownership this work has focused on whether the owner is municipal or private. The interviewed have been asked if they prefer acquiring land with a finished plan or land in the early stages of planning. Furthermore participation in the development of zoning has been treated. In these respects, a comparison between large, medium and small companies has been made. The result of the study show that the small companies focus on land with zoning plan and owned by the municipally. The medium and large companies prefer land that is not yet planned and the owner of the land varied. Acquisition of land is a complex process that is influenced by a variety of factors. It is therefore difficult to determine how much a specific factor affects the choice of land to purchase. The study has shown that the municipality's work procedure and in which municipality the land is located greatly affects the choice.Idag ansvarar frĂ€mst privata aktörer för bostadsbyggandet. Planmonopolet innebĂ€r emellertid att det Ă€r kommunen som bestĂ€mmer markanvĂ€ndningen, vilket kan leda till osĂ€kerhet hos aktörerna och innebĂ€ra en tröghet i framtagandet av bostĂ€der. Detta Ă€r problematiskt dĂ„ det redan finns en bostadsbrist i Sverige. Examensarbetet syftar till att redogöra aktörers tankar vid markförvĂ€rv för bostadsbyggande, baserat pĂ„ rĂ„dande detaljplaneförhĂ„llande och Ă€garförhĂ„llande. Representanter frĂ„n byggbolag har intervjuats för att redogöra detta. Vad gĂ€ller Ă€garförhĂ„llande har detta arbete fokuserat pĂ„ om aktörerna inriktar sig pĂ„ kommunal eller privatĂ€gd mark. Företagsrepresentanterna har fĂ„tt besvara frĂ„gan om bolagen förvĂ€rvar mark med en fĂ€rdig detaljplan eller om de hellre köper mark i ett tidigt skede av planlĂ€ggningen. Ăven deltagandet i framtagningen av detaljplan har behandlats. I dessa hĂ€nseenden har en jĂ€mförelse mellan stora, medelstora och smĂ„ företag gjorts. Studiens resultat visar att de smĂ„ aktörerna i större utstrĂ€ckning köper mark som redan Ă€r detaljplanelagd och kommunalt Ă€gd. Hos de stora och medelstora var det en stor spridning pĂ„ vilket Ă€gandeförhĂ„llande som rĂ„dde och den mest attraktiva marken, utvecklingsmĂ€ssigt, var den som ej var detaljplanelagd Ă€n. FörvĂ€rv av mark Ă€r en komplex process som pĂ„verkas av en mĂ€ngd olika faktorer. Det Ă€r dĂ€rför svĂ„rt att faststĂ€lla hur mycket en specifik faktor pĂ„verkar val av mark. I studien har det visat sig att hur kommunen vĂ€ljer att sĂ€lja marken samt i vilken kommun marken ligger i pĂ„verkar detta val i hög grad
Du Àr unik - sÄ ska det vara och sÄ ska det kÀnnas! : En kvalitativ studie om förskollÀrares tankar kring barns sjÀlvkÀnsla i förskoleklass
Syftet med vÄr studie Àr att undersöka verksamma förskollÀrares tankar kring barns sjÀlvkÀnsla i förskoleklass. Det vi lÀgger fokus vid Àr vad förskollÀrarna anser kÀnneteckna lÄg respektive god sjÀlvkÀnsla hos barnet, samt hur de arbetar med att stÀrka barnens sjÀlvkÀnsla. Studien grundar sig pÄ en kvalitativ forskningsansats, vilket innebÀr att intervjuer genomförts. I resultatet framkommer olika kÀnnetecken pÄ barns lÄga respektive goda sjÀlvkÀnsla. Det redogörs Àven hur lÀrarna arbetar, i det arbetet kan olika kategorier utkristalliseras. De omrÄden som ses betydande för barnens utveckling av sjÀlvkÀnslan Àr lÀrarens förhÄllningssÀtt, bekrÀftelse och metoder/material. Slutsatsen vi kan dra Àr att arbetet med att stÀrka barnens sjÀlvkÀnsla ses som grundlÀggande i lÀrarens arbete och för barnets fortsatta framtid i ett socialt samhÀlle.
Does a gluten-free diet lead to better glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes? : Results from a feasibility study and recommendations for future trials
Background: Increasing evidence suggests a link between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and intake of gluten, but no controlled trials have examined whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) has positive effects on glycemic control in children with T1D. Methods: We conducted a non-randomized feasibility study. Twenty-three children with newly diagnosed T1D were included and either followed a GFD (n = 14) or a normal diet (n = 9) for 12 months. Effects of diet on glycemic control were examined by measuring insulin production (c-peptide), hemoglobine A1c (HbA1c) and insulin dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c). Degree of adherence to the GFD and effects on quality of life were also examined. Results: Children on a GFD showed a statistically significantly lower HbA1c at six months (P = 0.042) compared with children on a normal diet and point estimate differences indicated better glycemic control in the GFD group at 6 and 12 months. Adherence to a GFD varied but was satisfactory for a majority of children. The GFD group reported poorer quality of life at inclusion and there was a non-significant difference for quality of life between groups throughout the study. Conclusions: A strict GFD can be maintained by children with newly diagnosed T1D and may have positive effects on glycemic control. Our findings should be interpreted carefully because of small samples and possible confounding. We provide recommendations for future trials and suggest using a randomized-controlled design with 30â40 participants in each arm
Kids gone wild â Alcohol use and patient characteristics in pediatric trauma during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
ABSTRACT Importance Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVIDâ19) pandemic effects on pediatric trauma have been variable. Objective We investigated the characteristics of pediatric trauma including alcohol use during the pandemic at our urban trauma center. Methods The trauma database of our adult level 1 trauma center was queried for all pediatric (age †18 years) patients presenting between March 1, 2020, and October 30, 2020. Data from 2017 to 2019 served as a control. Variables analyzed included demographics, mechanisms, injury severity, hospitalization characteristics, and positive blood alcohol. Results Pandemic pediatric trauma volumes increased by 67.5% (330/year vs. 197/year). Pandemic patients were younger (median age 13 vs. 14 years, P = 0.011), but similar in gender, ethnicity, severity, hospital length of stay, mortality, and rates of penetrating injury. Falls doubled (79/year vs. 34/year) and shifted away from high falls >6âŻmeters (0% vs. 7.9%) to moderate falls 1â6âŻmeters (58.2% vs. 51.5%) (P = 0.028). Transportation injury rates were similar however mechanisms shifted from motor vehicle crashes (â13.5%) towards recreational vehicles including motorcycles (+2.1%), allâterrain vehicles (+8.6%), and bicycles (+3.8%) (P = 0.018). Pediatricâpositive blood alcohol was significantly higher (11.2% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001), especially for ages 14â18 years (21.7% vs. 9.5%, P < 0.001). Interpretation Pediatric trauma volumes during the COVIDâ19 pandemic increased. Pandemic patients had more recreational vehicle injuries and higher rates of positive blood alcohol. This suggests an increased need for alcohol assessment and targeted interventions in the pediatric population during pandemics or periods of school closures
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